词条 | Gruta de Maquiné |
释义 |
| name = Gruta de Maquiné | photo = Gruta maquine pintura rupestre.jpg | photo_caption = Cave painting found in one of the chambers inside of Gruta de Maquiné | location = Minas Gerais, Brazil | depth = 18 | length = 650 | survey = | discovery = 1825 | geology = Limestone | difficulty = | hazards = | access = MG 231 | website = Gruta de Maquiné }}Gruta de Maquiné (MG-0243) (English: Maquiné Grotto), also Lapa Nova de Maquiné, is the oldest and one of the most commercially visited caves in Brazil.[1] It is located about {{convert|5|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} from Cordisburgo and {{convert|143|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} northwest of Belo Horizonte, in the State of Minas Gerais. The cave has seven huge chambers explored, amounting to {{convert|650|m|ft|abbr=on}} (linear) and unevenness of the ground of only {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Safety measures like lighting, walkways and handrails allow a multitude of visitors to enjoy safely the wonders of the grotto where the whole journey is accompanied by an experienced local guide.[2] DescriptionGeographyMaquiné finds itself facing north, with a portico shaped in the form of a shallow arch with width of approximately {{convert|18|m|ft|abbr=on}} and height of only {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[3] The main direction of the cave is from north to south, being its greatest extent of {{convert|438.91|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[3] With an internal temperature ranging from {{convert|26|to|27|C|F K|abbr=on}},[3] it is essentially horizontal, forming a continuous gallery with an average width of {{convert|9|to|12|m|ft|abbr=on}} and height of {{convert|15|to|18|m|ft|abbr=on}}.[3] The main element of its formation is calcium carbonate, presenting also other minerals such as silica, gypsum, quartz and iron. Its galleries and halls, true architectural oddities, are the result of the formidable job of water in the persistence of millennia.[3] MorphologyThe grotto features beautiful morphology due to its wide halls and aesthetic value due to their speleothematic beauty,{{fact|date=February 2019}} in addition to its scientific value as it must have accommodated a considerable volume of water in the past.{{fact|date=February 2019}}
PaleontologyConsidered as the "cradle" of paleontology in the country, the grotto was discovered in 1825 by farmer Joaquim Maria Maquiné, then the landowner. It is widely known for its paleontological importance detected initially by Peter Claussen and the Danish naturalist Peter Wilhelm Lund who scientifically first explored it in 1834.[4] Dr. Lund remained inside the cave nearly two years doing his research on the Brazilian paleontology, describing all the chambers, explaining the formation of stalagmites and stalactites and examining human remains and petrifaction of animals from the Quaternary period. Among others, he found fossilized skeletons of birds with an extraordinary curvature of up to three meters and the Nothrotherium maquinense, the smallest and most emblematic of the terrestrial sloths which he found in 1835 when he first explored the cave.[5] In 1868, after more than 30 years after the exploration of the cave, Lund wished to return to Cordisburgo and show the Duke of Saxe who visited the country, the natural beauty of this huge cave.[6] See also
References1. ^{{cite book|last=A. Auler|first=A.R. Farrant|title=A Brief Introduction to Karst and Caves in Brazil|year=2007|publisher=University of Bristol|location=UK|page=190|url=http://www.ubss.org.uk/resources/proceedings/vol20/UBSS_Proc_20_3_187-200.pdf}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Revista brasileira de geografia|title=Tipos e aspectos do Brasil|year=1975|publisher=Departamento de Documentação e Divulgação Geográfica e Cartográfica|page=279|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=qVjlTtTwJ_Ta4QSZno22BQ&ct=result&hl=cs&id=T94rAAAAYAAJ&dq=Gruta+de+Maquine&q=802#search_anchor |OCLC=3059711}} {{pt icon}} 3. ^{{cite book|author1=Ben Box |author2=Jane Egginton |author3=Mick Day |title=Brazil Handbook|year=2003|publisher=Footprint Handbooks|isbn=1-903471-44-3|page=231|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3BF6m8KbtPUC&pg=PA231&dq=Gruta+de+Maquine&hl=cs&ei=0VTlTs6BLMiUOvDJ1NkE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=6&sqi=2&ved=0CFIQuwUwBQ#v=onepage&q=Gruta%20de%20Maquine&f=false}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Confederacao Nacional de Municipios|title=Historico da Gruta de Maquine|year=2011|publisher=CNM|pages=1–2|url=http://portal.cnm.org.br/sites/7600/7635/noticias/HistoricodaGrutadoMaquine.pdf}} 5. ^{{cite book|last=Vialou|first=Águeda Vilhena|title=Pré-história do Mato Grosso: Santa Elina|year=2005|publisher=Editora da Universidade de São Paulo|isbn=85-314-0861-X|page=159|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oYlsD2hR3qwC&pg=PA159&dq=%22Gruta+de+Maquin%C3%A9%22&hl=cs&ei=p1_lTpX0M9P04QS78MWqBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=10&ved=0CGMQuwUwCTgU#v=onepage&q=%22Gruta%20de%20Maquin%C3%A9%22&f=false}} 6. ^{{cite book|last=Felizardo|first=Alexandre|title=Cavernas em Foco - Espeleologia Histórica e Cultural Mundial|year=2010|publisher=Bookess|isbn=85-62418-93-5|page=171|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71xICGrOJP0C&pg=PA171&dq=%22Gruta+de+Maquin%C3%A9%22&hl=cs&ei=n2LlTrnZFqeD4gSe88iZBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDMQ6AEwADge#v=onepage&q=%22Gruta%20de%20Maquin%C3%A9%22&f=false}}
External links
4 : Limestone caves|Show caves in Brazil|Caves of Minas Gerais|Tourist attractions in Minas Gerais |
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