| 词条 | Grønningen Lighthouse |
| 释义 |
|name = Grønningen Lighthouse Grønningen fyr |image_name = Grønningen fyrstasjon 04.jpg |caption = View of Grønningen Lighthouse |location = Vest-Agder, Norway |pushpin_map = Vest-Agder#Norway |pushpin = lighthouse |coordinates = {{coord|58.0814|08.0879|region:NO_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |yearbuilt = 1878 |yearlit = |automated = 1980 |yeardeactivated = |foundation = |construction = Concrete |shape = Square |marking = White tower with red roof |height = {{convert|14|m}} |focalheight = {{convert|18.8|m}} |lens = 4th order Fresnel lens |currentlens = |intensity = |range = {{convert|11.7|nmi|km mi|abbr=on}} |characteristic = Fl (2) WRG 10s |racon = |admiralty = B2922 |NGA = 1380 |ARLHS = NOR-030 |country = Norway |countrynumber = 071600 }} Grønningen Lighthouse ({{lang-no|Grønningen fyr}}) is a coastal lighthouse in the municipality of Kristiansand in Vest-Agder county, Norway. The lighthouse was built in 1878. Grønningen Lighthouse sits on Grønningen, an islet in the Kristiansandsfjord, and it marks the eastern side of the main shipping channel that leads inland to the port of the city of Kristiansand. The other lighthouse, which marks the western entrance, Oksøy Lighthouse, lies about {{convert|2.2|km}} to the west. The {{convert|14|m|adj=on}} tall square concrete tower is white with a red roof. It is attached to one end of a 1-1/2 story lighthouse keeper's house. The light sits at an elevation of {{convert|18.8|m}} and it emits two white, red, or green flashes (depending on direction) every ten seconds. The light is a 4th order Fresnel lens. It can be seen for up to {{convert|11.7|nmi|km mi}}.[1][2] The lighthouse was first put into service on 1 September 1878. The station was manned until 1980 and in 1994, the entire facility was protected by law as a national monument.[3] The lighthouse is operated by the Bragdøya kystlag foundation, and it is open to the public. During the summer holiday season, it can be used as a free hostel available for overnight stays.[4][5] See also{{stack|{{Portal|Norway}}}}
References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/nors2.htm|title=Lighthouses of Norway: Vest-Agder (Kristiansand Area)|first=Russ|last=Rowlett|publisher=University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill|accessdate=2017-02-13|date=19 July 2011}} 2. ^{{cite book|year=2014|url=http://153.44.6.20/fyrlister/Fyrliste_HeleLandet.pdf|format=PDF |author=Kystverket| authorlink=Norwegian Coastal Administration|language=Norwegian|title=Norske Fyrliste 2014|isbn=9788245015959}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=https://snl.no/Gr%C3%B8nningen_fyr|title=Grønningen fyr|author=Store norske leksikon|authorlink=Store norske leksikon|language=Norwegian |accessdate=2017-02-13}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://bragdoya.ning.com/group/gr-nningen-fyr|title=Grønningen fyr|language=Norwegian|publisher=Bragdøya kystlag|accessdate=2017-02-13}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.turistforeningen.no/activity.php?ac_id=45102|title=Fyrtur til Grønningen i Kristiansandsfjorden|publisher=Den Norske Turistforening|language=Norwegian|accessdate=2017-02-13}} External links
5 : Lighthouses completed in 1878|Towers completed in 1878|Lighthouses in Vest Agder|Listed lighthouses in Norway|Buildings and structures in Kristiansand |
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