词条 | Guardia di Finanza | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
}}{{Infobox Law enforcement agency | agencyname = Guardia di Finanza | nativename = | nativenamea = | nativenamer = | commonname = | abbreviation = | patch = | patchcaption = | logo = CoA Guardia di Finanza.svg | logocaption = Coat of arms of the Guardia di Finanza, depicting the Cimon della Pala | badge = | badgecaption = | flag = | flagcaption = | imagesize = | motto = Nec Recisa Recedit | mottotranslated = Does not retreat even if broken | mission = | formedyear = 1774 | formedmonthday = October 5 | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding = | employees = 68,134[1] | volunteers = | budget = | nongovernment = | country = Italy | countryabbr = ITA | national = Yes | map = | mapcaption = | sizearea = | sizepopulation = | legaljuris = | governingbody = Ministry of Economy and Finances (Italy) | governingbodyscnd = | constitution1 = | police = Yes | local = No | gendarmerie = Yes | overviewtype = | overviewbody = | headquarters = Rome | hqlocmap = | hqlocleft = | hqloctop = | hqlocmappoptitle = | sworntype = | sworn = | unsworntype = | unsworn = | electeetype = | minister1name = Giovanni Tria | minister1pfo = Minister of Economy and Finance | chief1name = Giorgio Toschi | chief1position = General Commander | parentagency = | child1agency = | child2agency = | child3agency = | child4agency = | unittype = | unitname = | officetype = | officename = | provideragency = | uniformedas = | stationtype = | stations = | airbases = | lockuptype = | lockups = | vehicle1type = | vehicles1 = | boat1type = | boats1 = | aircraft1type = | aircraft1 = | animal1type = | animals1 = | person1name = | person1reason = | person1type = | programme1 = | activity1name = | activitytype = | anniversary1 = | award1 = | website = www.gdf.it | footnotes = | reference = }} The Guardia di Finanza (GdF) ({{IPA-it|ˈɡwardja di fiˈnantsa}}; is an Italian law enforcement agency under the authority of the Minister of Economy and Finance. It is a militarized police force, forming a part of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, not the Ministry of Defence. Guardia di Finanza is essentially responsible for dealing with financial crime and smuggling; it has also evolved into Italy's primary agency for suppressing the illegal drug trade. It maintains over 600 boats and ships and more than 100 aircraft to serve in its mission of patrolling Italy's territorial waters. MissionThe mission and institutional tasks of Guardia di Finanza are stated in the law 189 of April 23, 1959 and 68/2001 and are subdivided into priority ones (preventing, investigating and reporting financial evasions and violations, overseeing the compliance with the provisions of politico-economic interest and surveillance at sea for financial police purposes) and contribution ones (maintaining public order and safety and political-military defense of the borders). The primary goal of the Guardia di Finanza is to protect the legal economy and the businesses operating in compliance with the law, while ensuring that the Republic, the European Union, the regions, and the local governments can rely on a regular inflow and appropriate use of the resources meant for the community, and for supporting policies for economic and social revival and development. Its activities are connected with financial, economic, judiciary and public safety: tax evasion, financial crimes, smuggling, money laundering, international illegal drug trafficking, illegal immigration, customs and borders checks, copyright violations, anti-Mafia operations, credit card fraud, cybercrime, counterfeiting, terrorist financing, maintaining public order, and safety, political and military defense of the Italian borders. HistoryLight Troops Legion (1774)The origins of the Guardia di Finanza date back to October 5, 1774, when the "Light Troops Legion" (Legione truppe leggere) was set up under the King of Sardinia, Victor Amadeus III. This was the first example in Italy of a special corps established and organized for financial surveillance duties along the borders, as well as for military defense. Customs Guards Corps (1862)Once the unification of Italy was completed in 1862, the "Customs Guards Corps" (Corpo delle Guardie doganali) was set up. Its main task was Customs surveillance and co-participation in the Country's defense during wartime. Corpo della Regia Guardia di Finanza (1881)By Law no. 141 dated April 8, 1881, the Customs Guards Corps became the "Corps of the Royal Finance Guard" (Corpo della Regia Guardia di Finanza) whose task was to "impede, suppress and report smuggling activities and any other violation and transgression of financial laws and regulations", and to safeguard the interests of the tax administration, as well as to co-participate in enforcing law and order and public security. Twentieth centuryBy Royal Decree dated July 14, 1907, the Corps was issued 5-point star uniforms to mark its military status, even though the Army's military discipline regulation was extended to the Financial Guard by Law dated July 12, 1908. The Corps served in the two World Wars and in the War of National Liberation, deserving 18 awards to its War Flag, which had been granted in 1914 to decree the total integration among the Italian Armed Forces. Subsequently, the Corps took part in numerous rescue operations during serious natural disasters; for this commitment the Corps was decorated with 13 additional civil valor awards. The re-organization of the police forces in 1919 also affected the Royal Guardia di Finanza. The responsibilities were divided between the Inspector General, who was an Army Officer with the rank of Lieutenant General responsible for military preparation, and the Commanding General, who was a Financial Guard Officer subordinate to the former, but authorized to maintain direct relations with the Minister for ordinary institutional duties and for personnel management. In 1923, the "Investigative Tax Police" was set up as a specialized branch of the Royal Financial Guard. Within a few years, its naval fleet, motor-vehicles and telecommunication structure underwent a complete change; the Statistical Service equipped with a data processing centre, the Air Service and the Canine Service (for anti-drugs checks) were set up. During the same years, the Corps’ general organization was defined pursuant to Law no. 189 dated April 23, 1959, which laid down its institutional tasks, subsequently amended by specific sector provisions assigning certain responsibilities. Recent historyBesides the review of its organizational structure, laid out by the issuance of Presidential Decree Law no. 34 dated January 29, 1999, the updating of the Corps’ institutional tasks was completed. Law Decree no. 68, dated March 19, 2001, whilst confirming the Corps’ configuration as a military structure, enhanced its role as a police force having general competence on all economic, financial and judicial matters for the safeguard of the public budget and that of the regions, of the local authorities and of the European Union. The Guardia di Finanza Historical Museum is custodian of the traditions of the Corps. It preserves artifacts of relevance to the Guardia di Finanza and promotes historical research, to aid researchers, scholars and military history enthusiasts. The Chiasso financial smuggling case{{main|Chiasso financial smuggling case}}On June 3, 2009 near Chiasso, Switzerland (near the Swiss/Italian border), officers of the Corps detained two Japanese nationals in their 50s who had attempted to enter Switzerland and had in their possession a suitcase with a false bottom containing U.S. Treasury Bonds worth $134.5 billion.[2][3][4] These later turned out to be counterfeit.[5] OrganizationGuardia di Finanza is a militarized police force, corpo di polizia ad ordinamento militare, just as the Carabinieri, but forming a part of the Ministry of Economy and Finance, not the Ministry of Defence. Under the minister of finance and economy, the corps is commanded by a general commander and a second-in-command. CommandsUnder the general command are the following commands:
Source:[6] Territorial organization
Source:[6]
Source:[6] Special departments
International anti-drug operationsFrom the statistic data of the anti-drug service central Direction, of the Department of the Interior,the 60% of the drug seized in Italy by all the strengths of law enforcement is found by the Guardia di Finanza. In 2005, the Guardia di Finanza was responsible for 77% of the Heroin seizures, 69% of Cocaine seizures and 54% of cannabis (including Hashish) seizures. On 9 August 2018, the Guardia di Finanza intercepted research ship Remus (Panama-flagged) in the Mediterranean Sea. The ship was taken to Palermo in Sicily for further investigation, according to Guardia di Finanza. Following the investigation, the authorities discovered 20 tons of hashish hidden in the ship’s fuel tanks. The entire Remus crew of eleven has been arrested. All of them are nationals of Montenegro, the authorities informed. The hashish, worth between EUR 150 million and 200 million, was probably destined for the European market. On 31 January 2019 the Guardia di Finanza seized more than 2 tons of cocaine in Genoa, northern Italy, which were on board a ship coming from Colombia and heading to Barcelona, Spain. «1,801 pure cocaine cakes, for a total weight of over 2,100 kilograms». The seized cocaine has an estimated value of about 500 million euros: it is the largest seizure of cocaine found in Italy in the last 25 years. Personnel{{see also|Rank insignia of the Guardia di Finanza}}The Guardia di Finanza utilises a rank structure similar to that of other state police forces in Italy, but with ranks similar to the Italian Army. The Guardia di Finanza has around 68,000 members (agents, senior agents, superintendents, inspectors, and officers). Its personnel are in service in the Europol and OLAF (European Agency of Fight against Fraud). Its Latin motto since 1933 has been Nec recisa recedit ({{lang-it|Neanche spezzata retrocede}}, {{lang-en|Does not retreat even if broken}}). OfficersThere are 3,250 officers in the Guardia di Finanza. Officer cadets for the general and aeronaval branches are recruited through competitive examinations open to Italian citizens, not over 22 years of age, with a high school diploma giving access to university studies. Officer cadets for the technical and logistic branches need a bachelor or master's degree, and to be under the age of 32.[10] Officer cadets for the general and aeronaval branches are trained during three years undergraduate studies at the Accademia della Guardia di Finanza at the campus in Bergamo, followed by two years graduate studies at the campus in Rome. The successful cadets graduate as First Lieutenats with a Master's degree in Economic and Financial Security Sciences.[11] Ranks and rank insignia of general officers Source:[12] Source:[15] Ranks and rank insignia of field officers Source:[12] Source:[15] Ranks and rank insignia of company officers Source:[12] Source:[15] InspectorsThere are 24,000 inspectors in the Guardia di Finanza. Participation in the competition for the recruitment of inspectors in the general and naval branches is open to Italian citizens aged between 18 and 26 years, having a diploma of secondary school giving access to university studies.[10] Inspector cadets attend the Scuola ispettori e sovrintendenti della Guardia di Finanza in L'Aquila for three years, at the same time studying at the local university, finally graduating with a bachelor's degree in business law and appointment as warrant officers. Inspectors in the naval branch continues with a year at the nautical school in Gaeta.[13] Ranks and rank insignia of inspectors Inspectors are formally classified as senior non-commissioned officers, but are according to training and job description more akin to U.S. warrant officers. Source:[12] Source:[15] SuperintendentsThere are 13,500 superintendents in the Guardia di Finanza. Superintendents are recruited through promotion from the ranks of the appointees. They are trained at a three-months course at the Scuola ispettori e sovrintendenti della Guardia di Finanza in L'Aquila.[13] Ranks and rank insignia of superintendents Source:[12] Source:[15] Appointees and AgentsThere are 28,000 appointees (senior agents) and agents in the Guardia di Finanza. Competition for appointments as agents trainee is open for Italian citizens with one year's enlistment in the Italian defence forces.[10] Recruits are given basic training at either the Recruit School in Bari or the Alpine School in Predazzo.[13] Ranks and rank insignia of appointees and agents Source:[14] Equipment and vehiclesWeapons
Cars
Fixed-wing aircraft
Helicopters
Patrol boats
Source:[96] Motorboats
Source:[96] Inland motorboats
Source:[96] Sailing vessels
Source:[96] Training ships
Source:[96] List of Guardia di Finanza retired vessels (since 1950)Patrol boats
Litoral patrol boats
Fast crafts
Motorboats
Inland water motorboats
Boats
Training ships
Unit awardsThe unit awards, as depicted on the unit coat-of-arms, are:
Awards not included in the coat of arms but are included in its State Color are:
See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.gdf.gov.it/GdF/it/Archivio/Organizzazione/Chi_siamo/Personale_e_Reparti/ |title=Guardia di Finanza - Personale e Reparti |publisher=Gdf.gov.it |date= |accessdate=2015-04-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429003137/http://www.gdf.gov.it/GdF/it/Archivio/Organizzazione/Chi_siamo/Personale_e_Reparti/ |archivedate=2015-04-29 |df= }} 2. ^{{cite news|first= |last= |coauthors= |title=Sequestrati a Chiasso titoli USA per novantasei miliardi di euro |work=Guardia di Finanza website |language=Italian |page= |date=June 4, 2009 |accessdate=June 18, 2009 |quote= |url=http://www.gdf.it/gdf__informa/notizie_stampa/adnkronos/adnkronos_2009/adnkronos_giugno_2009/info-1518911049.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090613034419/http://www.gdf.it/gdf__informa/notizie_stampa/adnkronos/adnkronos_2009/adnkronos_giugno_2009/info-1518911049.html |archivedate=June 13, 2009 }} 3. ^{{cite news |first= Richard|last= Owen|coauthors= |title= Japanese pair arrested in Italy with US bonds worth $134 billion |work= Times Online |page= |date= June 16, 2009 |accessdate=June 18, 2009 |quote= |url= http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6507161.ece | location=London}} 4. ^{{cite news |first= Hannah|last= McCarthy|coauthors= |title= $134bn bond scam arrests |work= The Independent |page= |date= June 14, 2009 |accessdate=June 18, 2009 |quote= |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/134bn-bond-scam-arrests-1704893.html | location=London}} 5. ^{{cite news |title=Is this the death of the dollar? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/5586543/Is-this-the-death-of-the-dollar.html |date=2009-06-20 |work= |publisher=Telegraph |accessdate=6 July 2009 | location=London | first=Edmund | last=Conway}} 6. ^1 2 "Raportto Annuale 2015." 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web|url=http://www.gdf.gov.it/GdF/it/Specializzazioni/Servizio_Aeronavale/La_componente_Navale/La_storia/Il_naviglio_dei_finanzieri_nella_storia/info78578461.html|title=Index — gdf.gov.it|website=www.gdf.gov.it|access-date=2014-09-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023184350/http://www.gdf.gov.it/GdF/it/Specializzazioni/Servizio_Aeronavale/La_componente_Navale/La_storia/Il_naviglio_dei_finanzieri_nella_storia/info78578461.html|archive-date=2014-10-23|dead-url=yes|df=}} 139. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.altomareblu.com/navi-scuola-guardia-di-finanza/|title=Navi scuola e unità della Guardia di Finanza|date=18 November 2009|publisher=}} 140. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gdf.gov.it/GdF/it/Specializzazioni/Servizio_Aeronavale/La_componente_Navale/La_storia/Il_naviglio_dei_finanzieri_nella_storia/info78565501.html|title=Index — gdf.gov.it|website=www.gdf.gov.it}} 141. ^{{cite web|url=http://libreriainternazionaleilmare.blogspot.it/2012/03/quattro-grifoni-in-livrea-gialla.html|title=Quattro Grifoni in livrea Gialla|website=libreriainternazionaleilmare.blogspot.it}} External links{{Commons category|Guardia di Finanza}}
8 : Guardia di Finanza|Customs services|Financial crime prevention|Organizations established in 1774|1774 establishments in Italy|Military units and formations established in 1774|Military of Italy|Specialist law enforcement agencies of Italy |
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