| 词条 | GWR 103 President |
| 释义 |
| name = GWR 103 President and GWR 104 Alliance | powertype = Steam | image = File:GWR de Glehn compound locomotive 104 Alliance (Howden, Boys' Book of Locomotives, 1907).jpg | alt = | caption = 104, Alliance | designer = G.J. Churchward | builder = Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques Works Numbers 5601 and 5602 | ordernumber = | serialnumber = | buildmodel = | builddate = 1905 | totalproduction = | rebuilder = | rebuilddate = | numberrebuilt = | whytetype = 4-4-2 | uicclass = 2′B1 n4v | gauge = {{track gauge|uksg|allk=on}} | leadingdiameter = {{convert|3|ft|2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[1] | driverdiameter = {{convert|6|ft|8+1/2|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[1] | trailingdiameter = {{convert|4|ft|8+3/8|in|mm|0|abbr=on}}[1] | minimumcurve = | wheelbase = | length = | width = | height = | axleload = | weightondrivers = | locoweight = | tenderweight = | locotenderweight = | tendertype = | fueltype = Coal | fuelcap = | watercap = | tendercap = | sandcap = | boiler = | boilerpressure = | feedwaterheater = | firearea = | tubearea = | fluearea = | tubesandflues = | fireboxarea = | totalsurface = | superheatertype = | superheaterarea = | cylindercount = Four – compound:[4] {{ubl|two HP outside|two LP inside}} | hpcylindersize = {{convert|14+3/16|x|25+3/16|in|mm|abbr=on}}[1] | lpcylindersize = {{convert|23+5/8|x|25+3/16|in|mm|abbr=on}}[1] | valvegear = Walschaerts' | valvetype = | valvetravel = | valvelap = | valvelead = | transmission = | maxspeed = | poweroutput = | tractiveeffort = | factorofadhesion = | trainheating = | locobrakes = | locobrakeforce = | trainbrakes = | safety = | operator = Great Western Railway | operatorclass = | powerclass = | numinclass = | fleetnumbers = 103 and 104 | officialname = President Alliance | nicknames = | axleloadclass = | locale = | deliverydate = | firstrundate = | lastrundate = | withdrawndate = | preservedunits = | restoredate = | scrapdate = | currentowner = | disposition = | notes = }}President, number 103, and Alliance, number 104 were locomotives of the Great Western Railway. George Jackson Churchward, Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Great Western Railway, was given authority to purchase three French de Glehn-du Bousquet four-cylinder compound locomotives, in order to evaluate the benefits of compounding. The first locomotive, no.102 La France, was delivered in 1903. Two further locomotives, nos. 103 and 104, were purchased in 1905. These were similar to the Paris-Orleans Railway's 3001 class, and slightly larger than 102.[2] As with no. 102, these were built by Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques.[3] They had two low-pressure cylinders fitted between the frames, and two high-pressure cylinders outside. The low-pressure cylinders drove the front driving wheels while the high-pressure cylinders drove the rear driving wheels.[4] An external steam pipe was mounted just in front of the dome, looking rather similar in appearance to a top feed. In 1907 No. 104 was fitted with an unsuperheated Swindon No. 1 boiler,[5] President herself being similarly reboilered in February 1910 and receiving a superheated boiler in January 1914.[6] In 1926, the three locomotives were based at Oxford shed.[7] In practice, they did not provide any significant improvement in either performance or economy compared to No 171 Albion, Churchward's prototype 4-6-0, which was converted to a 4-4-2 specifically for comparison with the French locomotives.[8] References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{harvnb|le Fleming|1960|p=H5}} 2. ^{{harvnb |Haresnape|Swain|1993 |p=22}} 3. ^{{cite magazine | last = Freezer | first = Cyril | title = La France |magazine= Railway Modeller | volume = 22 | issue = 252 |page=334 | publisher = Peco Publications and Publicity Ltd | location = Seaton, Devon | date = October 1971}} 4. ^1 {{harvnb|le Fleming|1960|pp=H4, H5}} 5. ^{{harvnb |Rogers |1975 |p=133}} 6. ^{{harvnb |Nock|1975 |p=75}} 7. ^{{cite web |title=Trains in the vale |work=Pendon Museum |url=http://www.pendonmuseum.com/vale/trains.html |accessdate=2008-11-12 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626022636/http://www.pendonmuseum.com/vale/trains.html |archivedate=26 June 2008 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 8. ^{{cite journal | last = Foster | first = Richard | title = Churchward: The man and his machines | journal = Steam Railway | issue = 342 | pages =66–72 | publisher = EMAP Ltd | location = Peterborough | date = Nov 2007}} Bibliography
| last = Nock | first = O.S. | title = The Pre-grouping Scene, No.1: The Great Western | publisher = Ian Allan | year = 1975 | location = Surrey | isbn = 0-7110-0586-9 |ref=harv }}
| last = Rogers | first = H.C.B. | title = G.J. Churchward: a Locomotive Biography | publisher = George Allen & Unwin | year = 1975 | location = London | isbn = 0-04-385061-8 |ref=harv }}
| last = Haresnape | first = Brian | last2 = Swain | first2 = Alec | title = Churchward Locomotives | publisher = Ian Allan | origyear = 1976| year = 1993 | location = Surrey | isbn = 0-7110-0697-0 |ref=harv }}
9 : Great Western Railway locomotives|Individual locomotives of Great Britain|4-4-2 locomotives|Compound locomotives|Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain|Railway locomotives introduced in 1905|SACM locomotives|De Glehn compound locomotives|2′B1 n4v locomotives |
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