“Għargħar Battery”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Għargħar Battery ({{lang-mt|Batterija tal-Għargħar}}), also known as Ta' Ittuila Battery ({{lang-mt|Batterija ta' Ittuila}}) and Ta' Xindi Battery ({{lang-mt|Batterija ta' Xindi}}), was an artillery battery in present-day San Ġwann, Malta, built by Maltese insurgents during the French blockade of 1798-1800. It was part of a chain of batteries, redoubts and entrenchments encircling the French positions in Marsamxett and the Grand Harbour.

Location

Għargħar Battery was located in an area known as San Ġwann tal-Għargħar, which is now part of San Ġwann. It overlooked Gżira and Manoel Island, on which there was the French-occupied Fort Manoel.

Description

The battery had a linear gun platform and a high masonry parapet with six embrasures. The battery had flanking walls on either sides of the platform, and a high rubble wall at the rear. Sentry boxes were located in at least three of the four corners of the battery. Two of these were fitted with flagpoles flying the White Ensign and the flag of the Kingdom of Sicily. Għargħar Battery is significant as being the first place where the British flag was raised in Malta. The battery also had a vaulted underground casemate for the accommodation of the garrison.

History

The battery was built by Vincenzo Borg, and was completed by 6 October 1798.^[1] It was armed with five 18-pounder cannon,^[2] some of which were taken from Mistra Battery. The battery had an advanced post at Il-Ħarrub ta' Stiefnu, which was armed with a single gun. The battery's garrison consisted of 338 men in December 1799.

Għargħar Battery tried to fire on the capital Valletta, but it was too far away and the bombardment had little effect on the town. The French attempted to attack the battery in 1799 but were driven back by the Maltese.

Għargħar Battery still existed in 1811,^[3] but like the other French blockade fortifications, it was dismantled, possibly after 1814. No traces of the battery can be seen today, and the area is now built up.^[4] According to Arnold Cassola, some remains still exist.^[5]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stroud |first1=John |title=The Maltese Army of 1798 |journal=On Parade |page=38 |url=http://afm.gov.mt/file.aspx?f=665 |accessdate=26 July 2015 |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6aJrUIwsz |archivedate=July 26, 2015 }}
2. ^Mifsud, Alfred (1907), [https://books.google.com.mt/books?id=nb0LAAAAYAAJ&q=vincenzo+borg+hospital&dq=vincenzo+borg+hospital&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi--r2bypTLAhXjBZoKHaDLDFQQ6AEITzAJ "Origine della sovranita' Inglese su Malta"], Tipografia del Malta, p. 258.
3. ^{{cite book|title=The Appeals of the Nobility and People of Malta to the Justice, Public Faith, and Policy of the British Government, for the Fulfillment of the Conditions Upon which They Gave Up Their Island to the King, Namely Their Ancient Rights Under a Free Constitution|date=1811|publisher=R. Lloyd|location=London|page=32|url=https://books.google.com.mt/books?id=YitFAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA1-PA32&lpg=RA1-PA32#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Spiteri|first1=Stephen C.|title=Maltese ‘siege’ batteries of the blockade 1798-1800|journal=Arx - Online Journal of Military Architecture and Fortification|date=May 2008|issue=6|pages=38–40|url=http://www.militaryarchitecture.com/images/stories/Arx/arx6-2008.pdf|accessdate=30 March 2015}}
5. ^Cassola, Arnold (27 February 2013). Historic battery now under siege. Times of Malta. Retrieved on 14 October 2016.