词条 | Hadith of Golden Chain |
释义 |
The hadith is important to shia because it implies that, on one hand, monotheism takes the believers to "Allah's fortress", which is a safe shelter, and from the other hand Imamah is a fundamental precondition of entering this shelter .[5] BackgroundThe story is that when thousands of people gathered to welcome their Ali al-Ridha's arrival at the entrance to Neyshabour , some of the scholars requested him to pronounce a hadith.[6][7] According to some shia scholars, twenty (or ten or thirty) thousands have narrated this event, but only fifty narrations are available.[8] The chain of the narrators of the hadith reaches the Prophet of Islam through Ahl al-Bayt, hence called Hadith of Golden Chain.[3][9] Several Important hadith collections quoted it as Al-Tawhid, Ma'ani al-Akhbar, and Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha of al-Shaykh al-Saduq and Al-Amali of Shaykh Tusi.[10] The hadith is also narrated in sunni hadith books. Regarding the implications of the hadith, there are two extreme opinions by Sunni scholars; While some of them discrediting the hadith by implying that the Sunni books lack it, some others claim that all Sunni scholars accepted it.[8] According to shia, two important points may be derived from the Hadith. On one hand, monotheism takes the believers to "Allah's fortress", which is a safe shelter, and from the other hand Imamah is a fundamental precondition of entering this shelter .[5] HadithHadith al-Silsilah al-Dhahab is narrated by Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha while entering Neyshabour.[6] Many historians have recorded it. Old documents quote the hadith with small different wordings.[9] When Ali al-Ridha was entering Neyshabour a large crowd had gathered outside the city and some of the great scholars such as Muhammad ibn al-Rafi, Ahmad ibn al-Harith, Ishaq ibn al-Rahuwayh, and Yahya ibn al-Yahya were accompanying him.[11] Twenty (or ten or thirty) thousands have reported the event. The narrations mentioning "twenty thousands" reporters are more famous.[8] Many sunni laymen and scholars participated in welcoming the Imam.[12] Scholars asked Ali al-Ridha to narrate hadith for them. So Ali al-Ridha announced al-Silsilah al-Dhahab.[13] Shia narrationsDifferent Shia hadith collections such as Al-Tawhid, Maani Al-Akhbar, and Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha of Shaykh al-Saduq and Al-Amali of Shaykh Tusi has narrated this hadith.[10] Some of the sources are mentioned here:
Also other versions of this hadith are separately narrated in Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, Al-Tawhid, and Al-Ma'ani al-Akhbar by Shaykh al-Saduq, al-Amali by Shaykh Tusi and Kashf al-Ghommah by Allamah Arbeli.[10] Sunni narrationsMany sunni scholars have narrated this event. {{efn|Yahya ibn Yahya, Ahmad ibn Harb Neshabouri, Abu al-Salt Abd al-Salam ibn Heravi, al-Hakim Nishapuri, Abu Nu`aym al-Isfahani, Abu Ḥamid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazali, Ibn al-Jawzi Hanbali, Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, Al-Suyuti, Muttaqi al-Hindi, Qazi Behjat Afandi.}} Only fifty narrations have survived since third century out of ten thousands or twenty thousands or thirty thousands narrations. Besides, there are many other hadiths titled "al-Silsilah al-Dhahab hadith" varying from the one in question. Two of the important narrations are the "Fortress narration" and the "Faith narration".[8] The Fortress narrationThere exists two different viewpoints among Sunni scholars regarding the Fortress Narration. Some of them mention Abu al-Salt Abd al-Salam ibn Heravi as the only narrator of this hadith and have disqualified him as a narrator, and consequently disregard the hadith. On the other hand, some of the sunni scholars regard Abu al-Salt as highly credible and therefore confirm the hadith, and some others even suggested healing powers for the hadith.[8] {{quotation|Ali ibn Musa al-Ridha, peace be upon him, said: "My father Musa al-Kazim told me from his father Jafar al-Sadigh, from his father mohammad al-Baghir, from his father Ali Zayn al-Abidin, from his father Husayn, the martyr of Karbala, from his father Ali ibn abi Talib, peace be upon him, who said: I heard from, the apple of my eye, Allah's apostle peace be upon him and his household, who heard from Gabriel saying that Allah said:"There is no god but Allah is my fortress whoever chants this, enters my fortress and whoever enters my fortress shall be safe from my punishment." "{{efn|قال علیّ بن موسی الرضا علیه السلام، حدّثنی ابی موسی الکاظم، عن ابیه جعفرالصادق، عن أبیه محمد الباقر، عن ابیه علیّ زین العابدین، عن ابیه الحسین الشهید بکربلاء، عن ابیه علی بن ابی طالب علیهم السلام، قال: حدّثنی حبیبی و قرّه عینی رسول الله صلی الله علیه و آله و سلم، قال: حدّثنی جبرائیل، قال: سمعت رب العزّه سبحانه و تعالی یقول: کلمه لا إله إلا الله حِصْنی فمن قالها دَخَل حِصْنی و من دخل حصنی امِن من عذابی}}[16]}}The part specifying 'condition'Although the last part of the hadith ("There are few conditions and I am one of its conditions") is omitted in most sunni hadith books, some of the sunni scholars such as Khaje Parsa Hanafi and Qazi Bahjat Affandi Shafi'i have mentioned this part in their narration.[8] Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab in Hadith terminologyHadith terminology categorize Hadith into several sections. According to authenticity or weakness of Hadith, Each hadith can be placed in different categories. The following are some important topics that are discussed about Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab.[10]Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab is a Hadith Qudsi, i.e., the word of God, but differs from Quran.[10] The Gabriel transmitted hadith from God to prophet.[13] Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab is Mutawatir.[10] Shia and sunni scholars have narrated the hadith by Different expressions with authenticity. This hadith is Musalsal meaning that it's a word of God and is conveyed from Prophet of Islam through Ahl al-Bayt to Ali al-Ridha. In other word, narrators of the hadith are Prophet and Ahl al-Bayt. According to shia view they are infallible and immune from error in practical matters, in inviting people to the religion and in perceiving the realm of cognition. because of that the hadith is called golden chain. Because of that, this hadith was named Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab. Al-Silsilah al-Dhahab is Musnad. Twenty (or ten or thirty) thousands have narrated this event, but only fifty narrations are available.[8] The chain of the narrators of the hadith reaches the Prophet of Islam through Ahl al-Bayt, hence called Hadith of Golden Chain.[9] Notes{{Notelist|2}}See also{{portal|Shia Islam}}
References1. ^Abdul Aziz Abdulhussein Sachedina (1998). The Just Ruler in Shi'ite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the jurist in Islamic Jurisprudence. Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|978-0-19535-329-7}}. Pages 58-60 2. ^Mohammad Ali Sabzvari. Translated by Mohammad H. Faghfoory (2007). Tuhfah Yi-Abbasi: The Golden Chain of Sufism in Shi'ite Islam. University Press of America. {{ISBN|978-0-76183-801-2}}. Page v-xiii 3. ^1 Liyakat N. Takin (2006). The Heirs of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Shia Islam. SUNY Press. {{ISBN|978-0-79148-191-2}}. Page 69 4. ^Abdul Hadi Al-Fadhli (2011). Introduction to Hadith 2nd. ICAS Press The Islamic College. {{ISBN|978-1-90406-347-6}}. Page 64 5. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Tarkhan|first1=Ghasem|title=The relationship between guardianship and monotheism|journal=Ghabasat|date=2011|issue=62|url=http://www.noormags.com/view/fa/articlepage/795128}} 6. ^1 Michael Cooperson (2000). Classical Arabic Biography: The Heirs of the Prophet in the Age of al-Ma'mun. Cambridge University Press. {{ISBN|978-1-13942-669-5}}. Page 81 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.saafi.org/en/node/5086 |title=Hadith Silsilat al-Dhahab|author= Staff writer|date= |website=The Official Website Of Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani|publisher= |accessdate=23 June 2014}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite journal |last=Tabasi |first= Mohammad Hassan|last2= |first2= |date= |title= Ahl al-Sunnah and the hadith of al-Silsilah al-Dhahab|url=http://www.magiran.com/view.asp?Type=pdf&ID=1063164&l=fa |language=Persian|journal= Quarterly of Imamat Research |publisher= |volume= 5|issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=June 24, 2014}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite encyclopedia |title=What is the Hadith Silsilat al-Dhahab and what's its chain of narration|encyclopedia= Shia Encyclopedia|author= Staff writer|date=|volume=6 |page= 175|language=Persian|accessdate=24 June 2014}} 10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |url=http://www.ensani.ir/fa/content/64455/default.aspx |title= An investigation on hadith of Al-silsilah al-Dhahab|author= Mohammad Rahmani|date=|website= Humanities and cultural studies research center |publisher= |language=Persian|accessdate=27 June 2014}} 11. ^{{cite book |last= Najafi Yazdi|first= Sayyid Muhammad |date= |title=Story of the Sun,A Look at Imam al-Reza's Life |url= |publisher= Islamic Research Foundation of Astan Quds Razavi|page= |location= Mashhad|isbn= |accessdate= }} 12. ^{{cite book | last= Al-Juwayni| volume= 2| page=199| title= Fara'id al-Simtayn}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Ahmadi Birjandi|first1=Ahmad|title=The Fourteen Luminaries of Islam|url=http://www.al-islam.org/fourteen-luminaries-islam-ahmad-ahmadi-birjandi/tenth-infallible-hadhrat-imam-ali-b-musa-al-ridha#hadith-silsilat-al-dhahab-neyshabur|website=Al-islam/|publisher=Islamic Research Foundation Astan Quds Razavi}} 14. ^Ahsan al-Maqaal by Syed Safdar Hussain Najafi quoted from The official website of grand ayatollah Saafi Gulpaygani 15. ^Al-Tawhid, chapter of Thavab al-Movahhedin, p. 34 & Oyoun Akhbar Al-Ridha, al-Alami publication, p. 134 & Al-Ma'ani al-Akhbar, dar al-Ta'ref publication, p. 370, chapter of the meaning of Allah's, the exalted, fortress, all by Shaykh al-Saduq 16. ^{{cite book|last= Ibn Sabbagh al-Maleki|title= Al-Fosoul al-Mohemmah|pages=243–244}} External links
3 : Hadith|Shia literature|9th century in Iran |
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