| 词条 | Halime Sultan |
| 释义 |
| name = Halime Sultan حلیمه سلطان | title = | image = | caption = | succession = Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (first tenure) | reign = 22 November 1617 – 26 February 1618 | reign-type = Tenure | predecessor = Handan Sultan | successor = | birth_date = {{circa}} 1572 | birth_place = Abkhazia, Ottoman Empire | death_date = 10 September 1623 (aged 50-51) | death_place = Eski Palace, Beyazıt Square, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | burial_place= Mustafa I Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque, Istanbul | consort = yes | spouse = Mehmed III | issue = Şehzade Mahmud Mustafa I two daughters | full name = | father = | mother = | religion = Sunni Islam | succession1 = (second tenure) | reign1 = 19 May 1622 – 10 September 1623 | reign-type1 = Tenure | predecessor1= | successor1 = Kösem Sultan }} Halime Sultan ({{lang-ota|حلیمه سلطان}}) was a consort of Sultan Mehmed III, and the mother of Sultan Mustafa I and the Valide Sultan as well as a regent of the Ottoman empire. She had four children with Mehmed: Şehzade Mahmud, Mustafa I, and two daughter. She was de facto-co-ruler as Valide Sultan from 22 November 1617 to 26 February 1618 and from 19 May 1622 to 10 September 1623 . She is one of powerful woman of the Ottoman Empire. Halime was also one of the eminent figures during the era known as the Sultanate of Women. Halime lived in the Ottoman empire as a courtier during the reign of five Sultans: Murad III, Mehmed III, Ahmed I, Mustafa I, and Osman II. Early lifeOf Abkhazian origin,[1][2] Halime Sultan[3] married Mehmed, when he was still a prince and the governor of Saruhan (Manisa) Sanjak. After Sultan Murad III's death in 1595, she came to Istanbul along with Mehmed. In Istanbul, her son Mahmud was very popular with the janissaries. However, Halime was not favored by her mother-in-law Safiye Sultan.{{sfn|Peirce|1993|p=231}} She sent a message to a religious seer for she was superstitious, and anxious to know if her son would become the next Sultan, and how much longer her husband would reign. The seer responded, but the message was intercepted by Abdürrezzak Agha, the chief black enuch of the imperial harem, and who later gave it to Mehmed and Safiye, instead of her.[4] The message said that Mehmed would die within six months without showing whether by death or deposition, and her son will become the next Sultan. Safiye incensed Mehmed, and he had Mahmud examined, who indeed knew nothing of his mother's action.{{sfn|Peirce|1993|p=231-2}} Mahmud's followers who were supposed to be involved in the matter were thrown into the sea. It was also rumored that she was also executed. However, she was sent to the Eski (old) Palace located at the Beyazıt Square by the end of June.[4] Mehmed died just six months after Mahmud's death. On Friday January 9, Safiye Sultan, along with Şehzade Mustafa were also send to the Eski Palace.[5] Between Mehmed's death and Mustafa's enthronement her stipend consisted of 100 aspers a day.{{sfn|Peirce|1993|page= 129}} As Valide SultanFirst tenureWhen Mustafa ascended the throne in 1617 she became the Valide Sultan as well as a regent and wielded a great power. While she, as a consort of Mehmed , had suffered the same obscurity as Handan Sultan, she was clearly able to command greater status as Valide Sultan than her fellow consort had. This was probably in large measure because she exercised power more directly, acting as regent for her mentally incompetent son as his mental condition unimproved . No one had expected that Mustafa, who suffered from severe emotional problems, would become sultan, and so she had not enjoyed a position of much status within the imperial harem. She received 3,000 aspers although her mother-in-law Safiye Sultan was still alive.{{sfn|Peirce|1993|page= 127}} Her fellow consort Handan Sultan received only 1,000 aspers as Valide Sultan. Kösem Sultan the Haseki Sultan to Ahmed I his favorite consort and legal wife lost here position in Topkapi Palace and she retired in the Old palace after Mustafa I ascended. She had a potential ally in Kara Davud Pasha, but during Mustafa's first reign which lasted for only three months, she was unable to exploit her relationship by appointing Davud Pasha vizier. One of the few political alliances the valide was able to forge with her son's sword-bearer, Mustafa Agha, a high ranking inner palace officer, who was brought out of the palace and awarded the prestigious and strategically vital post of governor of Egypt on condition that he would marry the Sultan's wet nurse.{{sfn|Peirce|1993|page= 145}} Within a few months the pasha was brought back to Istanbul as grand vizier.[6][7][8] Osman's reignLater, Mustafa was dethroned and his nephew Osman II ascended the throne due to Mustafa's mental condition. Mustafa was sent back to the kafes and she to the Old Palace.[10] However, she received only 2,000 aspers during her retirement to the Old Palace between her son's two reigns; during the first months of her retirement Safiye was still alive, perhaps a neighbour in the Old Palace, receiving 3,000 aspers a day.[9] Also Kösem Sultan the Haseki Sultan to Ahmed I his favorite consort and his legal wife received 1,000 aspers a day during her retirement in the Old Palace. From her location in the Old Palace, she was a key figure in the deposition and assassination of Osman II and showed that she was no stranger to the art of damat politic.[10] The basic and exceptional weakness from which Osman II suffered was the conspicuous absence of a female power basis in the harem. From 1620 until Osman's death, a governess (daye hatun, lit. wet-nurse) was appointed as a stand-in valide, and she could not counterbalance the contriving of Halime Sultan in the Old Palace. Second tenureSeeking a counterweight to Janissary influence, Osman II closed their coffee shops and started planning to create a new and more loyal army consisting of Anatolian sekbans. The result was a palace uprising by the Janissaries which was supported by Halime Sultan as she wanted to free here son from his confinement and become the Valide Sultan once again . Later on 18 May 1622 Osman was again dethroned and the rebels, meanwhile, broke into the imperial palace and freed Mustafa from his confinement and acclaimed him as their master. She once again returned from the Old Palace and became the Valide Sultan. Some of the janissaries consulted with her about the appointments to be made and it was in fact her son-in-law, Kara Davud Pasha, who became the grand vizier. The faction committed to the cause of Mustafa and she could not feel secure while Osman II was alive. Their uneasiness was well grounded, since some of the rebels wished to spare Osman, hoping no doubt to make no use of him for their own ends at some future date. Kara Davud Pasha had recourse, therefore to the last extreme measure on 20 May 1622, Osman II was strangled in the prison of Yedikule in Istanbul.[11][12][13] Murad's enthronementAfter Osman's death, the governor general of Erzurum, Abaza Mehmed Pasha, decided to advance to Istanbul to settle the score with the murderers of Osman II. Kara Davud Pasha was chosen as a scapegoat and was executed in an attempt to modify the discontent and preempt the rebellions that were building up in the empire, but to no avail: Mehmed Pasha, despite the offers made by the emissaries from the capital, continued his advance. Faced with an ever-deepening crises, clerics and the new Grand Vizier Kemankeş Kara Ali Pasha petitioned her to agree to the deposition of her son in favour of eleven year old Şehzade Murad, the oldest surviving son of Ahmed I. She concurred, only pleading that her son's life be spared. Accordingly, Mustafa was dethroned and incarcerated again.[1] Burial placeNothing is known about her death. She lies buried in her son's mausoleum in Hagia Sophia Mosque, Istanbul.[3] IssueTogether with Mehmed, Halime had four children:
In popular cultureIn the 2015 TV series Kösem, Halime Sultan is portrayed by Turkish actress Aslıhan Gürbüz. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters. New York: Facts on File|title=Günhan Börekçi. "Mustafa I." Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire|pages=409|publisher=Infobase Publishing|date=January 1, 2009|isbn=978-1-438-11025-7}} 2. ^{{cite book|author=M. Sadık Bilge|title=Osmanlı devleti ve Kafkasya: Osmanlı varlığı döneminde Kafkasya'nın siyasî-askerî tarihi ve idarî taksimâtı, 1454-1829|pages=|year=2005|publisher=Eren Yayıncılık|isbn=}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book|first=Günhan|last=Börekçi|title=Factions And Favorites At The Courts Of Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603-17) And His Immediate Predecessors|pages=65 and n. 96|isbn=}} 4. ^1 {{cite book|first=Günhan|last=Börekçi|title=İnkırâzın Eşiğinde Bir Hanedan: III. Mehmed, I. Ahmed, I. Mustafa ve 17. Yüzyıl Osmanlı Siyasî Krizi - A Dynasty at the Threshold of Extinction: Mehmed III, Ahmed I, Mustafa I and the 17th-Century Ottoman Political Crisis|publisher=|year=|pages=78|isbn=}} 5. ^{{cite book|first=Stanford J.|last=Shaw|first2=Ezel Kural|last2=Shaw|title=History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280-1808|publisher=Cambridge University Press|date=October 29, 1976|pages=186|isbn=978-0-521-29163-7}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Dorothy O. Helly, Susan Reverby|title=Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History : Essays from the Seventh Berkshire Conference on the History of Women|pages=52|publisher=Cornell University Press|year=1992|isbn=978-0-801-49702-5}} 7. ^{{cite book|author=Stern|title=Scented Garden|pages=397|publisher=Routledge|date=August 21, 2013|isbn=978-1-136-20632-0}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Anne Walthall|title=Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History|pages=91|publisher=University of California Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0-520-25444-2}} 9. ^1 {{cite book|author=Leslie P. Peirce|title=The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the Ottoman Empire|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L6-VRgVzRcUC|year=1993|publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=126–127|isbn=978-0-195-08677-5}} 10. ^{{cite book|author=Gabriel Piterberg|title=An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play|pages=14|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-93005-6}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Elli Kohen|title=History of the Turkish Jews and Sephardim: Memories of a Past Golden Age|pages=211|year=2007|publisher=University Press of America|isbn=978-0-761-83600-1}} 12. ^{{cite book|author=Gabriel Piterberg|title=An Ottoman Tragedy: History and Historiography at Play|pages=78|year=2003|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-93005-6}} 13. ^{{cite book|title=A History of the Ottoman Empire to 1730|pages=137|year=|publisher=CUP Archive|isbn=}} 14. ^{{cite book|first=Baki|last=Tezcan|title=The Debut Of Kösem Sultan's Political Career|publisher=|year=|pages=357|isbn=}} 15. ^{{cite book|first=Baki|last=Tezcan|title=The Debut Of Kösem Sultan's Political Career|publisher=|year=|pages=357|isbn=}} Bibliography
19 May 1622 – 10 September 1623}}{{s-end}}{{Ottoman Dynasty}}{{Mothers of the Ottoman Sultans}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Halime Sultan}} 7 : 1576 births|1623 deaths|Valide sultan|Wives of Ottoman Sultans|16th-century Ottoman royalty|17th-century Ottoman royalty|People of the Ottoman Empire of Abkhazian descent |
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