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词条 Hamazasp Srvandztyan
释义

  1. Early life

  2. World War I

  3. First Republic of Armenia

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Multiple issues|{{refimprove|date=August 2015}}{{POV|date=December 2014}}
}}{{Infobox military person
| name = Hamazasp Srvandztyan
| native_name =
| image = Համազասպ Սրվանձտյան.jpg
| image_size = 250px
| caption =
| birth_date = 1873
| birth_place = Van, Ottoman Empire
| death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1921|2|18|1873}}
| death_place = Yerevan, Soviet Armenia
| placeofburial =
| placeofburial_label =
| placeofburial_coordinates =
| nickname = Hamazasp
| birth_name = Hamazasp Srvandztyan
| allegiance = {{flagicon image|Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_Flag.gif}} Dashnaktsutyun (1890s–1920)
{{flag|Russian Empire}} (1914–1917)
{{flagicon|Armenia}} Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
| branch = Russian Armenian Volunteer Corps
| serviceyears = 1890s—1920
| rank =
| servicenumber =
| unit =
| commands = 3rd Armenian volunteer battalion
| battles = Armenian National Liberation Movement
Armenian–Tatar War
World War I
  • Caucasus Campaign
    • Battle of Sarikamish
    • Siege of Van
    • Battle of Bitlis

| battles_label =
| awards =
| spouse =
| relations =
| laterwork =
| signature =
}}Hamazasp Srvandztyan ({{lang-hy|Համազասպ Սրվանձտյան}}; 1873 – 18 February 1921), commonly known as Hamazasp, was an Armenian fedayee military commander and member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation.[1]

Early life

Hamazasp was born in Van in 1873. He was the nephew of the folklorist Garegin Srvandztiants. Hamazasp was first a member of the Armenakan Party and then the Armenian Revolutionary Federation. After finishing school he began to learn handicraft as a jeweler and a watchmaker. From an early age he was involved in the Armenian national liberation movement. To avoid persecution by the Ottoman government, he moved to Yerevan, then to Shusha from Van.[1]

He participated in the Armenian–Tatar clashes of 1905–07. Hamazasp was especially notable in the Battle of Askeran Ravine on 22 August 1905, defeating a 200-member Turkish detachment of which only 6 survived. He also organized the defense of the Armenian villagers of the Elisabethpol Governorate. In 1908, the Tsarist government arrested Hamazasp and condemned him to death, but this was replaced by a 15 years of exile to Siberia sentence. In 1913 he escaped from prison and went to Europe, then to Constantinople. At the 8th General Assembly of the ARF party that took place in Karin in 1914, he was strongly opposed to any cooperation with the Young Turks,[1] and largely supported an alliance with the Russian Empire.[2]

World War I

At the beginning of the First World War, Hamazasp participated in the Caucasus Campaign and was appointed Commander of the 3rd Armenian volunteer battalion. He took part in many battles, and also ensured the safe migration of the Armenian population from Basen and Alashkert. He was one of the volunteer liberators of the Siege of Van in May 1915. In June he fought in the Battle of Bitlis, and in October fought in Hizan. After the February Revolution in 1917, Hamazasp was appointed the military police commander of Alashkert, until Russian troops left the Caucasian front.[1]

At the end of April 1918, a group of Armenian soldiers under the command of Hamazasp was sent by Shaumian from Baku to the Kuba Uyezd. Here, the Hamazasp squad carried out a brutal massacre of the inhabitants of the city of Kuba, and also burned down 122 villages of the Kuba Uyezd. In one day, only in Kuba Hamazasp's soldiers killed 2,000 residents of the city and destroyed 150 houses in its center[3].

In 1918, he fought for the Baku Commune, as a Commander of the Armenian brigade (3,000 soldiers and officers).[4] He displayed his abilities as an experienced strategist and organizer, playing a decisive role in the operations of Ganja and Yevlakh and for 4 months fought against overwhelming Turkish forces of the Army of Islam. After the fall of the Baku Commune, he went to Persia.[1]

First Republic of Armenia

In the autumn of 1918, after the defeat of Turkey in the First World War, Hamazasp came back to Armenia and was appointed a military commander of Nor Bayazet region, participating in the defense of the First Republic of Armenia and in suppressing the May Uprising in 1920.[1]

After the establishment of Soviet power in Armenia, Hamazasp came to Yerevan with the aim to be helpful for the new government, but was arrested by the Bolsheviks and was brutally murdered by being hacked to death with an axe in Yerevan prison on 18 February 1921. Many other Armenian military and political leaders were jailed and executed as well, leading to the February Uprising.[1]

References

1. ^{{Cite book|author1=Y. Gasparyan|title=Encyclopedia "The Armenian Issue"|date=1996|location=Yerevan}}
2. ^{{Cite book|title=Keankʻi ughinerov Volume II.|last=Vratsian|first=Simon|publisher=Hamazkayin|year=1960|isbn=|location=Beirut|pages=228, 229}}
3. ^Jörg Baberowski. Der Feind ist überall. Stalinismus im Kaukasus. — München: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2003. — P. 141. — {{ISBN|3-421-05622-6}}. {{ref-de}}. Citation: Ende April bewegte sich eine größere Streitmacht von 2 000 armenischen Soldaten unter Führung des Obristen Amazasp und des bolschewistischen Kommissars Venunc von Baku aus auf Kuba zu. Amazasp kam im Auftrag Saumjans und des Kriegskommissars Korganov nach Kuba, um ein Exempel an der Konterrevolution zu statuieren. Als der Kriegsherr mit seinen Soldaten in die Stadt ritt, ließ er keinen Zweifel an seinen Absichten. Er sei »als Held des armenischen Volkes« gekommen, um die Massaker der Türken an seinen Landsleuten zu rächen und »alle Muslime vom Meeresufer bis zum Sach Dagh zu vernichten«, wie er den versammelten Stadtbewohnern verkündete. So geschah es auch. Die armenischen Soldaten gerieten in einen Blutrausch. Sie töteten alle Muslime, die sie auf der Straße antrafen. Dann drangen sie in die Häuser ein und ermordeten ihre Bewohner. Auf den Straßen spielten sich furchtbare Exzesse ab: Kleinkinder wurden erschossen, Babys enthauptet, man schlitzte Männern die Bäuche auf und stach ihnen die Augen aus. Soldaten vergewaltigten Frauen in Gegenwart ihrer Ehemänner, zahlreiche Frauen verbrannten bei lebendigem Leib in ihren Häusern. Das Eigentum der Stadtbewohner wurde auf die Straße geworfen, Wertgegenstände aus den Häusern getragen und unter den Soldaten verteilt. Sie rasende Soldateska ermordete an einem Tag 2 000 Stadtbewohner und zerstörte 150 Gebäude im Zentrum der Stadt. Bereits auf dem Vormarsch nach Baku hinterließ das Regiment des Amazasp eine Spur der Verwüstung: 122 Dörfer im Kreis Kub gingen in Flammen auf, Bauern, die den anrükkenden Truppen mit weißen Fahnen entgegenschritten, wurden niedergeschossen.
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://vestnikkavkaza.net/analysis/politics/68706.html|title=Events of March 1918 in Baku: how it was in reality|date=March 31, 2015|publisher=vestnikkavkaza.net|accessdate=August 9, 2015}}

External links

  • Encyclopedia of Armenian Genocide profile
{{Armenian Resistance}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Srvandztyan, Hamazasp}}

13 : 1873 births|1921 deaths|People from Van, Turkey|Armenian fedayi|Armenian generals|Armenian nationalists|Armenian people of World War I|Imperial Russian Army personnel|Russian military personnel of World War I|Armenian expatriates in Iran|Murdered military personnel|Armenians of the Ottoman Empire|Armenian people executed by the Soviet Union

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