| 词条 | Hammeren |
| 释义 |
| name = Hammeren | alt_name = | iucn_category = III | photo = Hammershus - view of Hammeren.jpg | photo_alt = | photo_caption = Hammeren seen from Hammershus | photo_width = | map = Denmark Bornholm | map_alt = | map_caption = Location in Bornholm | map_width = | location = Bornholm island in Denmark | nearest_city = | coordinates = {{coords|55|17|40|N|14|46|39|E|display=inline, title}} | area = 600 | established = | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = | url = }}Hammeren (also Hammerknuden; meaning, "hammerhead-shaped crag of granite")[1] is a protected area[2] and promontory in Denmark on the northernmost point of Bornholm island.[3] It projects into Sæne Bugt bay in the Baltic Sea.[4] The area includes Hammersø, the largest lake on the island and the only tarn in Denmark,[5] and a hill, {{convert|276|ft}} in height, named Stejlebjerg (or Stieleberg). It is steep to the southwest but slopes gradually to the northeast, and is separated from the rest of the land by a valley.[6] GeographyBornholm has varied natural features, such as Almindingen, Jons Kapel, Paradisbakkerne, Rytterknægten, and Dueodde.[7] Hammeren has cliffs towering {{Convert|86|ft}} from the Baltic Sea and a rift valley separating it from the surroundings. It covers a rocky area of granite formations (considered one of the best examples of the kind)[8] extending over {{Convert|182|ha}} and including a number of caves. The area, which was once covered with heather and bracken, was laid bare by heavy grazing. Hammeren features a large lake, Hammersø, the largest on the island, and a deep pond, Opalsø, surrounded by the rocky slopes of a former granite quarry. Separated by a rift valley, the area is composed of about 50% rocks, 25% forest and 25% cultivated land.[9] All of Hammeren is now a protected nature reserve. There are a number of walking trails connecting Sandvig and Hammershus Slo. The path along the northern rocky face leads to Hammeren Fyr, a lighthouse located at the northern tip, before proceeding along the coastal path towards the south east to the harbour, Hammeren Havn.[1][4] LandmarksThe thirteenth-century castle of Hammershus, Northern Europe's largest medieval fortification, is located just to the south. There are several quarries in the vicinity.[4] Trails lead from nearby Hammerhus to a nature area named Slotslyngen.[4] In addition to Dueodde Lighthouse, Denmark's tallest,[10] there are several others on the island, such as Hammeren Lighthouse, inactive since 1990.[11] On a clear day, views extend to the Swedish coast.[3][12] Close to the coast, to the south of the Hammeren Lighthouse, the ruins of Salomons Kapel (Solomon's Chapel) can be seen. Thought to have been built by the Archbishop of Lund in the beginning of the fourteenth century, it was named after St Solomon, a Dominican friar. It was built of brick and hewn boulders in two stages: first the small rectangular church and later the porch area to the south. Remains of the altar and of brick benches along the walls can be seen. The chapel was constructed in connection with Bornholm's herring trade with the Hanseatic cities of Hamburg and Lübeck from the thirteenth to fifteenth centuries.[13] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.denstoredanske.dk/Danmarks_geografi_og_historie/Danmarks_geografi/Bornholm/Hammeren|title=Hammeren|publisher=Den Store Danske|language=Danish|accessdate=20 October 2012}} {{commonscat|Hammeren (Bornholm)}}{{Bornholm Denmark}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.protectedplanet.net/sites/92389|title= Hammeren, Bornholm Protected by Conservation Order|work=protectedplanet.net|accessdate=20 October 2012}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|last=Norie|first=John William|title=Piloting directions for the Cattegat and Baltic, or East sea; also for the Sound and Belts|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eCkEAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA39|accessdate=22 October 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1846|publisher=Wilson|pages=39–}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Stone|first=Andrew|title=Denmark|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m_gT1lQpZEAC&pg=PA196|accessdate=22 October 2012|date=1 February 2008|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74104-669-4|page=196}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.studienet.dk/Opgaver/Hammers%C3%B8en--24294.aspx|title=Rapport: Hammersøen|language=Danish|publisher=Studienet.dk|accessdate=2012-06-07}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=United States. Hydrographic Office|title=Publications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FoUPAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA108|accessdate=22 October 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1917|pages=108–}} 7. ^{{cite book|last1=Blangstrup|first1=Johan Christian|last2=Halvorsen|first2=Jens Braage|last3=Fischer|first3=Karl Kristian Emil|title=Salmonsens store illustrerede konversationsleksikon: en nordisk encyklopædi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=240XAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA400|accessdate=23 October 2012|edition=Public domain|year=1894|publisher=Brødrene Salmonsen (J. Salmonsen)|language=Danish|pages=400–}} 8. ^{{Cite book|last1= Porter fist1= Darwin|last2= Prince |first2= Danforth |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PC2CdFzlqf8C&pg=PA420&lpg=PA420&dq=Hammeren,+Denmark&source=bl&ots=F_h6GQFvJy&sig=_ld_PQn_FZamPkbGGczzxlxq8_U&hl=en&sa=X&ei=FwmGUMDpO-HvigKUwoDgDQ&ved=0CEkQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=Hammeren%2C%20Denmark&f=false|title= Frommer's Denmark |year=2009|accessdate=22 October 2012|publisher= Active John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9780470502907|page=258}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.studienet.dk/Opgaver/Hammers%C3%B8en--24294.aspx|title=Rapport: Hammersøen|accessdate=20 October 2012|publisher=SStuidenet}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/dnkb.htm|title=Lighthouses of Denmark: Bornholm|publisher=University of North Carolina|accessdate=23 October 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.unc.edu/~rowlett/lighthouse/dnkb.htm|title=Lighthouses of Denmark: Bornholm|publisher=University of North Carolina|accessdate=23 October 2012}} 12. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7t8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=Trails+in+Hammeren,+Denmark&source=bl&ots=bZbXcJODZn&sig=HWw_ZaWY4iMW3WX2JxsO63zWu6k&hl=en&sa=X&ei=WRCGULmbL6KDiwKgq4HQDg&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Trails%20in%20Hammeren%2C%20Denmark&f=false|title= Backpacker|year=1978|accessdate=22 October 2012|publisher= Active Interest Media, Inc.|page=36}} 13. ^"Salomons kapel på Bornholm", Bornholmer Guiden. {{da icon}}. Retrieved 24 October 2012. 2 : Bornholm|Protected areas of Denmark |
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