| 词条 | River Gwash |
| 释义 |
| name = Gwash | name_native = | name_native_lang = | name_other = | name_etymology = | image = The River Gwash, near Manton, Rutland - geograph.org.uk - 160675.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = The Gwash at Manton, before it enters Rutland Water | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = United Kingdom Lincolnshire | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the river mouth in Lincolnshire | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = England | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Region | subdivision_name3 = Lincolnshire, Rutland, Leicestershire | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = {{convert|39|km|mi|abbr=on}} | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = | source1_location = Knossington | source1_coordinates= {{coord|52.672149|-0.820308|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|168|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = River Welland | mouth_location = Stamford | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|52.654065|-0.450421|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|19|m|abbr=on}} | progression = | river_system = River Welland | basin_size = | tributaries_left = | tributaries_right = | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = }}The River Gwash, a tributary of the River Welland, flows through the English counties of Leicestershire, Rutland and Lincolnshire. It rises just outside the village of Knossington in Leicestershire, near the western edge of Rutland. It is about {{convert|39|km|mi}} long.[1] Course{{stack|}}The source of the river is just north-west of the village of Knossington, but the Gwash is formed of several small headwaters that come together near Braunston-in-Rutland[2] before passing the site of Brooke Priory[2] at {{Gbmaprim|SK847062|SK847062}} and running westward to pass under the railway Northwest of Manton ({{Gbmaprim|SK876052|SK876052}}). The Gwash then helps to fill the Rutland Water reservoir which was formed by damming its valley at Empingham.[3] From the reservoir a controlled flow is released to maintain the flow around Tolethorpe Hall and Stamford and into the River Welland. The flow is enhanced by the Gwash's tributary, the North Brook, at {{Gbmaprim|SK956083|SK956083}} in Empingham, which significantly helps maintain riverlife.[2] East of Stamford, its course is now fixed but it lies in a small flood plain which shows clear signs of the river's former meandering. The pasture fields include depressions which fill in wet seasons forming oxbow lakes, though they are not of the classical shape. Near Stamford it is the parish boundary between Stamford and Uffington. West of Stamford, the Gwash crossed the Stamford Canal, requiring some elaborate hydraulic works. Although the canal has been dry for over a century, the Borderville weir has only just been removed, and some meanders re-watered.[4][5] The river feeds the millpond at Newstead Mill in the parish of Uffington before entering the Welland at Newstead Bridge just east of Stamford. WildlifeThe river supports a wild variety of fish species, including grayling and trout. Chub and dace inhabit the lower length below Newstead bridge in Stamford.[6] There are attempts to re-introduce water voles in the area.[7] There are concerns about non-native signal crayfish becoming dominant in the river, and reports of a deliberate introduction. The river has formed part of pilot control trials.[8] EtymologyThe name appears to be derived from the Old English (ge)waesc 'a washing, a flood'.[9] The earliest form was "le Whasse" (c1230); the use of an initial G- is first recorded in 1586 and the spelling 'Gwash' appears to be a quasi-Welsh spelling. References1. ^Wheeler and Batty (1896), p.291 2. ^{{cite book|chapter=Parishes: Brooke|title=A History of the County of Rutland: Volume 2|year=1935|pages=37–40 |series=Victoria county history |editor1-last=Page |editor1-first=William |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/rutland/vol2/pp37-40 |accessdate=18 January 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=A history of Rutland Water|url=http://www.anglianwater.co.uk/_assets/media/history-of-rutland-water.pdf|date=June 2009|publisher=Anglian Water|accessdate=26 May 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124071640/http://www.anglianwater.co.uk/_assets/media/history-of-rutland-water.pdf|archivedate=24 January 2013|df=dmy-all}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=River Gwash, Rutland|work=News|publisher=The wild trout trust|accessdate=26 May 2013|url=http://www.wildtrout.org/content/river-gwash-rutland}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Update on the ‘Wash to the Guash’ sea trout project being carried out by the Welland rivers trust|url=http://www.guashfishingclub.co.uk/index.php/fishing-club-news/|work=Club news|publisher=Guash fishing club|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130707040246/http://www.guashfishingclub.co.uk/index.php/fishing-club-news/|archivedate=7 July 2013|df=dmy-all}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=The Guash fishing club|url=http://www.guashfishingclub.co.uk/|publisher=Guash fishing club|quote=The River Guash or Gwash (the u is an ancient spelling) is a small limestone trout stream that runs in the valley from Braunston-in-Rutland to where it joins the Welland just downstream of Stamford.}} 7. ^{{cite news|title=Returning Ratty to our rivers comes at a price - removal of the American mink|url=http://www.thisisleicestershire.co.uk/Returning-Ratty-rivers-comes-price/story-12040201-detail/story.html|accessdate=26 May 2013|newspaper=Leicester Mercury|date=7 January 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web|last=Peay|first=Stephanie|title=Eradication of alien crayfish populations|url=http://www.snh.gov.uk/docs/C209050.pdf|publisher=Environment Agency|accessdate=26 May 2013|year=2001}} 9. ^The Place-Names of Rutland by Barrie Cox (EPNS, 1994), p2 Bibliography{{Refbegin}}
|title=A History of the Fens of South Lincolnshire |author1=William Henry Wheeler |author2=Leonard Charles Batty |publisher=British Library Historical Print Collections |year=1896 |isbn=978-1-241-32839-9}}{{Refend}} External links{{commons category inline|River Gwash}}
3 : Rivers of Rutland|Rivers of Lincolnshire|South Kesteven District |
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