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词条 Hanis language
释义

  1. Phonology

  2. References

  3. External links

{{About|Hanis language|the Akkadian god|Hani (god)}}{{Infobox language
| name = Hanis
| nativename = Coos
| pronunciation = há·nis
| region = Coos Bay, Oregon
| ethnicity = Hanis people
| extinct = 1972
| speakers2 = with the death of Martha Harney Johnson[1]
| familycolor = American
| fam1 = Coosan
| iso3 = csz
| glotto = coos1249
| glottorefname = Hanis
}}Hanis, or Coos, was one of two Coosan languages of Oregon, and the better documented. It was spoken north of the Miluk around the Coos River and Coos Bay. The há·nis was the Hanis name for themselves. The last speaker of Hanis was Martha Harney Johnson, who died in 1972.[2][3] Another speaker was Annie Miner Peterson, who worked with linguist Melville Jacobs to document the language.[4]

As of 2007, classes in Hanis were offered by the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians.[2] A book and CD, Hanis for Beginners, were published in 2011, and a companion website is available for tribal members at hanis.org.[5]

Phonology

Vowels {{IPA|/i e a u/}} may be long or short; there is also a short {{IPA|/ə/}}.

Consonants
BilabialAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarUvularGlottal
plainlateral
Stopplainptkqʔ
aspiratedpʰtʰkʰqʰ
ejectivepʼtʼkʼqʼ
Fricativevoiceless s ɬʃxχh
voicedɣ
Affricateplaintstɬtʃ
aspiratedtsʰtɬʰtʃʰ
ejectivetsʼtɬʼtʃʼ
Nasalmn
Approximant l j w

The {{IPA|/p t ts tɬ tʃ k q/}} series are optionally voiced. {{IPA|/l m n/}} may be syllabic. Stress is phonemic.

References

1. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/838711368|title=Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia, and the Americas : Vol I: Maps. Vol II: Texts|date=1996|publisher=De Gruyter|others=Mühlhäusler, Peter, Tryon, Darrell T., Wurm, Stephen A.|isbn=9783110134179|edition=Originally published 1996|location=Berlin ;New York|oclc=838711368}}
2. ^1 {{Ethnologue18|csz}}
3. ^{{cite web| last = Whereat| first = Patty| title = Hanis Tlii'iis: Hanis Coos Language: A Word List| accessdate = 2014-04-05| date = June 2001| url = http://ctclusi.org/sites/default/files/Hanis%20Language%20%28Secure%29.pdf}} Fragments of the language can be scarcely found in Martha's husbands side of the family where she passed some pieces down to her grandchildren. The family name of her husbands side was the common last name of Bennett, also residents of Oregon.
4. ^{{cite web| last = Whereat| first = Don| title = Coos Language and Ethnology| accessdate = 2014-04-05| date = October 1991| url = http://ctclusi.org/sites/default/files/Hanis%20Language%20%28Secure%29.pdf}}
5. ^{{cite web |title = Hanis for Beginners |work = Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians |date = 2001 |accessdate = 2014-04-06 |url = http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf |deadurl = yes |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073150/http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf |archivedate = 2014-04-07 |df = }}
  • Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1913). Coos texts. California University contributions to anthropology (Vol. 1). New York: Columbia University Press. (Reprinted 1969 New York: AMS Press).
  • Frachtenberg, Leo J. (1922). Coos: An illustrative sketch. In Handbook of American Indian languages (Vol. 2, pp. 297–299, 305). Bulletin, 40, pt. 2. Washington:Government Print Office (Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology).
  • Grant, Anthony. (1996). John Milhau's 1856 Hanis vocabularies: Coos dialectology and philology. In V. Golla (Ed.), Proceedings of the Hokan–Penutian workshop: University of Oregon, Eugene, July 1994 and University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, July 1995. Survey of California and other Indian languages (No. 9). Berkeley, CA: Survey of California and Other Languages.
  • Pierce, Joe E. 1971. Hanis (Coos) phonemics. Linguistics 75. 31-42.

External links

{{Portal|Indigenous peoples of North America}}
  • {{cite web

| last = Whereat-Phillips
| first = Patty
| title = Kwin tlayam lo Hanis tlii'iis - Let's Speak the Hanis Language
| accessdate = April 6, 2014
| url = http://www.cascadiapartnership.com/Hanis%20Article.pdf

}} (pronunciation guide)

  • {{cite web

| title = Hanis for Beginners
| work = Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua and Siuslaw Indians
| date = 2011
| url = http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140407073150/http://ctclusi.org/system/files/HanisForBeginners%20%285%29.pdf
| archive-date = April 7, 2014
| accessdate = March 23, 2018
}}
  • {{cite web

| last = Whereat
| first = Patty
| title = Hanis Tlii'iis: Hanis Coos Language: A Word List
| work = Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians
| accessdate = April 5, 2014
| date = June 2001
| url = http://ctclusi.org/sites/default/files/Hanis%20Language%20%28Secure%29.pdf
}}
  • {{cite web

| title = Shichils's Blog - Fun with Hanis (and a little Milluk & Siuslaw too)
| accessdate = April 5, 2014
| url = http://shichils.wordpress.com/
}}
  • OLAC resources in and about the Coos language
{{Languages of Oregon}}

3 : Coosan languages|Languages extinct in the 1970s|1972 disestablishments in Oregon
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