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词条 River Raid
释义

  1. Gameplay

  2. Technical design

  3. Reception

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Infobox video game
|title = River Raid
|image = River Raid cover.jpg
|caption = Box art
|developer = Activision
|publisher = Activision
|designer = Carol Shaw[1]
|released = {{vgy|1982}}[1][2]
{{vgy|1983}} Atari 8-bit, 5200
{{vgy|1984}} C64, Spectrum
|genre = Vertically scrolling shooter
|modes = Single player
|platforms = Atari 2600, Atari 8-bit, Atari 5200, ColecoVision, Intellivision, MSX, IBM PCjr, ZX Spectrum, Commodore 64
}}River Raid is a vertically scrolling shooter designed and developed by Carol Shaw and published by Activision in 1982 for the Atari 2600 video game console.[3] Over a million game cartridges were sold.[4] Activision later ported the title to the Atari 5200, ColecoVision, and Intellivision consoles, as well as to the Commodore 64, IBM PCjr, MSX, ZX Spectrum, and Atari 8-bit family. Shaw did the Atari 8-bit and Atari 5200 ports herself.[5]

Activision published the less successful River Raid II in 1988. This sequel, programmed by David Lubar, has similar gameplay, but with a different landscape and increased difficulty. In 1995 River Raid was published for Microsoft Windows as part of Activision's Atari 2600 Action Pack.[6]

Gameplay

Viewed from a top-down perspective, the player flies a fighter jet over the River of No Return in a raid behind enemy lines. The player's jet can only move left and right—it cannot maneuver up and down the screen—but it can accelerate and decelerate. The player's jet crashes if it collides with the riverbank or an enemy craft, or if the jet runs out of fuel. Assuming fuel can be replenished, and if the player evades damage, gameplay is essentially unlimited.

The player scores points for shooting enemy tankers (30 pts), helicopters (60 pts), fuel depots (80 pts), jets (100 pts), and bridges (500 pts). The jet refuels when it flies over a fuel depot. A bridge marks the end of a game level. Non-Atari 2600 ports of the game add hot air balloons that are worth 60 points when shot as well as tanks along the sides of the river that shoot at the player's jet.

Destroying bridges also serve as the game's checkpoints. If the player crashes the plane they will start their next life at the last destroyed bridge.

Technical design

{{unreferenced section|date=January 2016}}

For its time, River Raid provided an inordinate amount of non-random, repeating terrain despite constrictive computer memory limits. The game program does not actually store the sequence of terrain and other objects. Instead, a procedural generation algorithm manifests them by employing a linear feedback shift register with a hard-coded vector.[7] Because this starting value is hard-coded, the algorithm generates the same game world every time the program executes. The enemy crafts' AI, however, relies on a random number generator to make enemy movement less predictable.

Reception

InfoWorld in 1983 stated that River Raid might be the best Atari 8-bit game of the year, "more challenging than any VCS version" and superior to others like Caverns of Mars.[8] Antic in 1984 said that the Atari 8-bit version was identical to the 2600 original, but with slightly "spiffed up ... game visuals".[9] The Deseret News in called River Raid "one of the most playable and entertaining of all war games". The newspaper gave the ColecoVision version four stars, recommending it to all console owners and describing it as "a definite winner all the way".[10] The game received the award for "1984 Best Action Videogame"[11]{{rp|42}} and a Certificate of Merit in the category of "1984 Best Computer Action Game" at the 5th annual Arkie Awards,[12]{{rp|28}} where the judges described it as "provid[ing] the brand of non-stop excitement the blast brigaders adore".[11]{{rp|42}}

River Raid was the first video game to be banned for minors in West Germany by the Federal Department for Writings Harmful to Young Persons (German: Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Schriften).[13]

In 1996, Next Generation listed the Atari 2600 version as number 81 on their "Top 100 Games of All Time", commenting that, "Nostalgia aside, the 2600 sucks. ... But this game is still great, for one main reason: Level design."[14]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://uk.retro.ign.com/articles/865/865346p1.html|title=Top 10 Classic Shoot 'Em Ups|last=Buchanan|first=Levi|date=2008-04-08|publisher=IGN|accessdate=21 March 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gamerankings.com/atari8bit/926646-river-raid/index.html|title=Release date|publisher=GameRankings|accessdate=20 March 2012}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=The Giant List of Classic Game Programmers|url=http://dadgum.com/giantlist|last1=Hague|first1=James}}
4. ^http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800
5. ^{{cite web|last1=Edwards|first1=Benj|title=VC&G Interview: Carol Shaw, Atari’s First Female Video Game Developer|url=http://www.vintagecomputing.com/index.php/archives/800/vcg-interview-carol-shaw-female-video-game-pioneer-2|website=Vintage Computing and Gaming|date=October 12, 2011}}
6. ^http://uk.ign.com/games/activisions-atari-2600-action-pack/pc-724812
7. ^{{cite book |last=Aycock |first=John |date=2016 |title=Retrogame Archeology: Exploring Old Computer Games |edition=1st |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3319300023 |page=130 |quote=One of River Raids LSFRs was eight-bit, with taps b4 and b7, and the other was a 16-bit LSFR that was used for PCG.}}
8. ^{{cite news | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0C8EAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA89&ots=3sxE7l4qHX&pg=PA73#v=onepage&q&f=false | title=Electronic Antics | work=InfoWorld | date=1983-11-07 | accessdate=15 February 2015 | author=Mace, Scott | pages=73–74}}
9. ^{{Cite magazine |last=Duberman |first=David |date=January 1984 |title=ROM Fun: Survey of recent cartridge games |url=https://archive.org/details/1984-01-anticmagazine/page/n61 |magazine=Antic |pages=62-63}}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=PqZNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=D4MDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7081%2C6575510 | title=Here are ColecoVision's jewels | work=Deseret News | date=1984-05-30 | accessdate=10 January 2015 | author=Holyoak, Craig | pages=4 WV}}
11. ^{{cite journal |last1= Kunkel |first1= Bill |author-link1= Bill Kunkel (gaming)|last2= Katz |first2= Arnie |author-link2= Arnie Katz|date= January 1984 |title= Arcade Alley: The Arcade Awards, Part 1 |journal= Video|publisher= Reese Communications|volume= 7|issue= 10|pages= 40–42|issn= 0147-8907}}
12. ^{{cite journal |last1= Kunkel |first1= Bill |author-link1= Bill Kunkel (gaming)|last2= Katz |first2= Arnie |author-link2= Arnie Katz|date= February 1984 |title= Arcade Alley: The 1984 Arcade Awards, Part II |journal= Video|publisher= Reese Communications|volume= 7|issue= 11|pages= 28–29|issn= 0147-8907}}
13. ^{{Cite book|title = Encyclopedia of Video Games: A-L|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=deBFx7QAwsQC|publisher = ABC-CLIO|date = 2012-01-01|isbn = 9780313379369|first = Mark J. P.|last = Wolf}}
14. ^{{cite magazine|last=|first= |title=Top 100 Games of All Time |magazine=Next Generation|issue=21 |publisher=Imagine Media |date=September 1996|page=43}}

External links

  • River Raid for the Atari 2600 at Atari Mania
  • River Raid for the Atari 8-bit computers at Atari Mania
  • {{lemon64 game|id=2143|name=River Raid}}
  • {{IAg|atari_2600_river_raid_1982_activision_carol_shaw_ax-020_ax-020-04|platform=Atari 2600}}
{{Atari 2600}}

15 : 1982 video games|Activision Blizzard franchises|Activision games|Atari 2600 games|Atari 5200 games|Atari 8-bit family games|ColecoVision games|Commodore 64 games|Intellivision games|Mobile games|MSX games|Vertically scrolling shooters|Video games developed in the United States|Censored video games|ZX Spectrum games

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