| 词条 | Harichand Thakur |
| 释义 |
Harichand Thakur, sometimes known as Sri Sri Harichand Thakur, (ca.11 March,1812– 5 March,1878) worked among the untouchable people of Bengal Presidency, who considered him to be a god. LifeHarichand Thakur is variously said to have been born in 1811[1] and 1812.[2] His family were peasant farmers of the Namasudra community and he was born in the Gopalganj area of what was then Bengal Presidency (now a part of Bangladesh).[3] At a very early age, Thakur accepted the path of religious reformation for giving service to and uplifting the untouchable people of Bengal. He experienced atmadarshan (self-realisation) and preached his ideologies and religious philosophy in twelve verses and asked his followers to pursue his works. Thakur, whose family were Vaishnavite Hindus,[3] founded a sect of Vaishnavite Hinduism called Matua. This was adopted by members of the Namasudra community, who were then also known by the pejorative name of Chandalas and considered to be untouchable.[2][4] The sect was opposed to Brahmanical Hinduism and, according to Sipra Mukherjee "[inspired] the community towards education and social upliftment". It has subsequently attracted adherents from other caste communities that were marginalised by the upper castes, including the Chamars, Mahishyas, Malis, and Telis.[5] Thakur's followers consider him as God (hence calling him Thakur) Harichand and as an avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu or Krishna. Thus, he became known as Sri Sri Harichand Thakur.{{citation needed|date=July 2017}} [6] Thakur was married to Jagat Mata Shanti Mata and they had two sons. He died at Orakandi in 1878. LegacyAfter his death, one of his sons, Guruchand Thakur (b. 1846), worked with C. S. Mead in a campaign to have the Chandala people recategorised as Namasudra.[7] According to historian Sekhar Bandyopadhyay, it was under the leadership of Guruchand that the Matua sect "achieved its doctrinal cohesion and organisational push, as it came to be associated with the Namasudra social protest movement started in 1872".[3] A considerable body of Dalit literature that mixes religious and secular themes has emerged around Thakur and Matua. This includes biographies, promotions of the teachings and interpretations of the relationship to later events, such as the thoughts of B. R. Ambedkar and comparisons with the situation of black people in the US.[5] See also
References1. ^{{cite book |title=A History of India |first=Peter |last=Robb |edition=2nd, revised |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-23034-549-2 |page=255 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GQ-2VH1LO_EC&pg=PT255}} {{ref begin}}2. ^1 {{cite book |title=Between History and Histories: The Making of Silences and Commemorations |editor1-first=Gerald M. |editor1-last=Sider |editor2-first=Gavin A. |editor2-last=Smith |publisher=University of Toronto Press |year=1997 |isbn=978-0-80207-883-4 |chapter=Renaissance and Kaliyuga: Time, Myth, and History in Colonial Bengal |first=Sumit |last=Sarkar |page=115 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Jje8cSPgTtQC&pg=PA115}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=Caste, Culture and Hegemony: Social Dominance in Colonial Bengal |first=Sekhar |last=Bandyopadhyay |publisher=SAGE |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-76199-849-5 |page=96 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z2SVIflbyHQC&pg=PA96}} 4. ^{{cite book |title=The Politics of Caste in West Bengal |editor1-first=Uday |editor1-last=Chandra |editor2-first=Geir |editor2-last=Heierstad |editor3-first=Kenneth Bo |editor3-last=Nielsen |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31741-477-3 |chapter=Building Up the Harichand-Guruchand Movement: The Politics of the Matua Mahansgha |first=Praskanva |last=Sinharay |page=152 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7qXbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA152}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |first=Sipra |last=Mukherjee |chapter=Creating Their Own Gods: Literature from the Margins of Bengal |title=Dalit Literatures in India |editor1-first=Joshil K. |editor1-last=Abraham |editor2-first=Judith |editor2-last=Misrahi-Barak |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31740-880-2 |pages=132, 140 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ph4-CgAAQBAJ&pg=PA132}} 6. ^{{cite book |title=The Politics of Caste in West Bengal |editor1-first=Uday |editor1-last=Chandra |editor2-first=Geir |editor2-last=Heierstad |editor3-first=Kenneth Bo |editor3-last=Nielsen |publisher=Routledge |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-31741-477-3 |chapter=Building Up the Harichand-Guruchand Movement: The Politics of the Matua Mahansgha |first=Praskanva |last=Sinharay |page=159 |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7qXbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA159}} 7. ^{{cite book |title=Namasudra Movements In Bengal (1872-1947)|first=Ratan Kumar |last=Biswas|publisher=Progressive Book Forum |year=2010 |isbn=978-81-88006-19-9 |pages=158–160}}
6 : 1810s births|1878 deaths|Bengali Hindus|People from Faridpur District|Hindu denominations|Matua people |
| 随便看 |
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。