| 词条 | Harold Wolff |
| 释义 |
Harold George Wolff (New York, 26 May 1898 - Washington D.C., 21 February 1962) was an American doctor, neurologist and scientist. He is generally considered the father of modern headache research, and a pioneer in the study of psychosomatic illness. BiographyHarold Wolff was born on May 26, 1898 in New York City, the only child of Louis Wolff, a catholic illustrator, and Emma Recknagel Wolff, Lutheran. He was educated at City College, from which he graduated in 1918, aged 20. After graduating, he worked in a government-supported fishery trying to improve drying fish. He considered becoming a priest before deciding to take up medicine at Harvard Medical School, where he received his M.D. in 1923.[1] After medical training at New York’s Roosevelt Hospital and Bellevue Hospital Center, he started to study neuropathology with Harry Forbes and Stanley Cobb. In 1928 he travelled abroad, spending a year in Graz, in Austria, with Otto Loewi, and then with Ivan Pavlov in Leningrad, in Russia. Returning to America, he moved to the Psychiatry ward at Phipps Clinic of Johns Hopkins University, working with Adolf Meyer (psychiatrist).[2] In 1932 he finally decided to come back in Boston and became the head of Neurology ward, supervised by Eugene Dubois. He later became also Professor of Medicine and Chief Neurologist at New York Hospital – Cornell Medical Center (NYH-CMC).[3] In 1934 Dr. Wolff married the well-known painter Isabel Bishop, and had a son, Remsen N. Wolff. In 1958 he was named the first occupant of the “Anne Parrish Titzel Chair” in Medicine at Cornell University. During his last years he devoted much of his energy to the work of the “Academy of Religion and Mental Health” and, after a lifelong agnosticism, became a member of “Christ Church (Episcopal)” in Riverdale, New York. Harold Wolff died on February 21, 1962 in Washington D.C., of a cerebral vascular disease.[4] PersonalityHarold Wolff is considered one of the most outstanding and brilliant neurologists and scientists, who had a main role in the development of medical research. He was characterized by an incredible attitude of an inquiring mind, rigorous self-discipline and respect for evidence; he was defined a “combination of administrator and investigator”.[5] He was appreciated for his energy, his influence on those who worked with him, his passion and his resolution. Wolff’s pupils described him as a superb clinician, a wise man who exercised vigorously and competitively, sometimes highly obsessive. He used to taught by example, in fact his motto was: "No day without its experiment".[6] In Wolff’s opinion there was always a stimulus to do more, to do better and an incentive to achieve the purpose in the clearest way. He had also a boundless capacity for kindness and understanding {{Citation needed|date=February 2015}}, and an intense devotion to art, painting, classical music, literature and philosophy. Field of researchHarold Wolff’s first major contribution was the elucidation of the mechanism of migraine and other headaches of vascular origin. He was the first neurologist that supported the hypothesis that the aura arises from a vasoconstriction and the headache from a vasodilatation.[7] In fact, vasodilators (amylnitrite, carbon dioxide) abolished the aura temporarily or persistently, and vasoconstrictors (norepinephrine, ergotamine tartrate, caffeine) induced the aura.[8] Dr. Wolff was also interested in understanding the mind – body relationship, and established a separate category of illness to be defined as psychosomatic. There is a connection between nervous system and bodily diseases like peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hypertension, etc.[9] Dr. Wolff was a key participant in the CIA's MKULTRA program, conducting research to discover effective interrogation techniques. He collaborated with the CIA to collect information on a wide variety of torture methods, and stated the intention that his research program would: {{quote|...assemble, collate, analyze and assimilate this information and will then undertake experimental investigations designed to develop new techniques of offensive/defensive intelligence use ... Potentially useful secret drugs (and various brain damaging procedures) will be similarly tested in order to ascertain the fundamental effect upon human brain function and upon the subject's mood ... Where any of the studies involve potential harm of the subject, we expect the Agency to make available suitable subjects and a proper place for the performance of the necessary experiments.|Dr. Harold Wolff, Cornell University Medical School[10]}}Works
Bibliography
Notes1. ^J.N. Blau, "H.G. Wolff: the man and his migraine", p.215 {{DEFAULTSORT:Wolff, Harold}}2. ^Medical Center Archivies, "The H.Wolff M.D. Papers", p.2 3. ^S. Wolf, "In Memoriam", p.222 4. ^Medical Center Archivies, "The H.Wolff M.D. Papers", p.2 5. ^L. Hausman, "Tribute to H.G Wolff", p.826 6. ^J.N. Blau, "H.G. Wolff: the man and his migraine", p.216 7. ^J.N. Blau, "H.G. Wolff: the man and his migraine", p.217 8. ^J.N. Blau, "H.G. Wolff: the man and his migraine", p.218 9. ^S. Wolf, "In Memoriam", p.224 10. ^Otterman, 2007: pp. 24-25 6 : Cornell University faculty|1898 births|1962 deaths|American neurologists|Harvard Medical School alumni|City College of New York alumni |
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