| 词条 | Harry Norwitch |
| 释义 |
Harry Norwitch (born Hershel Arnowitch, June 18, 1894 – April 16, 1973){{sfn|NARA 1938}} was an organized labor leader and Democratic politician from Philadelphia. Norwitch was born in Odessa, Russia (present-day Ukraine) in 1894 and emigrated to the United States with his family as a child.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} Initially settling in Baltimore, Norwitch went to work at a clothing factory from the age of 13.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} He married Mae Schreiber in about 1917; they had two children, Mildred and Bernard.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} Norwitch became affiliated with the Amalgamated Clothing Workers union and moved to Philadelphia in 1926 to work as a business agent for the Joint Board Cutters and Trimmers Local 110.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} His union work brought him into local politics, and he became active in the Nonpartisan League, a socialist group, in 1934.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} He joined the Democratic Party and served as a delegate to the 1948 Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, where President Harry S. Truman was nominated for a new term.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} In 1949, Norwitch ran for a seat on Philadelphia's City Council in a special election that followed the death of L. Wallace Egan. Every seat on the Council was, at that time, held by Republicans, but Norwitch emerged the victor in his West Philadelphia district, defeating Republican James H. McHale, Progressive Lillian R. Narins, and independent Democrat Michael J. O'Connor.{{sfn|Inquirer 1949}} He and Maxwell E. Seidman, elected the same day, made up the council's entire Democratic caucus. In 1951, Norwitch was reelected to Philadelphia City Council from West Philadelphia's 3rd district, part of a Democratic wave that swept the Republicans from power for the first time in 67 years.{{sfn|Inquirer 1951}} In 1954, he successfully opposed the efforts fellow Democrats James Hugh Joseph Tate and Michael J. Towey to weaken the civil service reforms of the new charter.{{sfn|Miller|1954}} The following year, he was reelected with a slightly reduced majority.{{sfn|Inquirer 1955}} In 1956, charter amendments aimed at weakening civil service protections were proposed again. Norwitch remained opposed, but the amendments found the required two-thirds vote in Council to make it on to the ballot for popular approval.{{sfn|Schraga|1956a}} The referendum failed in a vote that April.{{sfn|Schraga|1956b}} That same year, Norwitch sponsored a bill to extend the city's rent control policy.{{sfn|Inquirer 1956a}} The bill passed, but was struck down by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania that December.{{sfn|Inquirer 1956b}} In 1959, Norwitch ran for a fourth Council term and defeated Republican Abraham Levin with 63.7% of the vote, his greatest margin to date.{{sfn|Inquirer 1959}} As chairman of City Council's appropriations committee, Norwitch was involved with decisions about taxation and spending. In the early 1960s, he joined with Council President Tate to oppose the tax hikes called for by Mayor Richardson Dilworth, while continuing to advocate the city worker wage increases the new taxes were intended to fund.{{sfn|Inquirer 1960a}} Ultimately, Council and the mayor agreed to a budget that was the largest in the city's history, including a wage tax hike from 1.5% to 1.625%.{{sfn|Inquirer 1960b}} Norwitch defended the deal, noting that city workers' salaries lagged behind the rest of the nation, and that the tax increase was evenly spread between wage and property taxes.{{sfn|Inquirer 1960b}} Norwitch also voted for increased funding for police and schools.{{sfn|Kiseda|1962}}{{sfn|Daily News 1963}} In 1963, Norwitch ran for a fifth term. He had no primary election opposition and easily defeated Republican Mary Jane Ladner, getting 59% of the vote.{{sfn|Inquirer 1963a}} That same year, Norwitch testified before a grand jury investigating campaign contributions to him by a laundry business while a bill regulating such businesses was before the Council.{{sfn|Inquirer 1963b}} Norwitch claimed there was no connection between the two, and was never charged.{{sfn|Inquirer 1963b}} After Tate was elected mayor, Norwitch continued to support him, and clashed with fellow Democrat and City Council President Paul D'Ortona over taxation issues.{{sfn|Inquirer 1964}} In a change from his position of a few years earlier, Norwitch held the line on spending, voting to stop proposed pay increases for some city workers.{{sfn|Daily News 1965}} In his attempt at re-election in 1967, Norwitch did not receive the endorsement of the Democratic City Committee, which remained neutral in his race against his primary opponents.{{sfn|Lordan|1967}} He accused party chairman Francis R. Smith of pitting blacks against whites and seeking a "racial fight when all Philadelphians should be working hand-in-hand to solve the problems of our big city."{{sfn|Lordan|1967}} Norwitch blamed Smith for redistricting changes that made his 3rd district predominantly black, which had not been the case before.{{sfn|Lordan|1967}} After calling the Democratic machine "self-serving" and calling Smith's tactics "despicable," Norwitch quit the race; the Democratic City Committee then endorsed local attorney and ward leader Charles L. Durham, who went on to win the primary and general elections.{{sfn|Lordan|1967}} After his retirement, Tate appointed Norwitch deputy managing director of the city.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} Norwitch died of heart failure at Albert Einstein Medical Center in 1973, and was buried in Mount Lebanon Cemetery in Delaware County.{{sfn|Inquirer 1973}} ReferencesSources{{refbegin}}
8 : 1894 births|1973 deaths|20th-century American politicians|American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent|Jewish American politicians|Philadelphia City Council members|Pennsylvania Democrats|American trade unionists |
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