| 词条 | Harry S. Crowe |
| 释义 |
Academic careerCrowe began his academic studies at United College (now the University of Winnipeg) in 1938. He enlisted in the army during World War II; attaining the rank of captain. Upon returning from military duty in Europe, Crowe studied at University of Manitoba (honours degree), and later pursued graduate studies at University of Toronto (M.A.) and Columbia University (Ph.D.). In 1950, he was hired at United College. In 1951, he was awarded tenure and was later promoted to associate professor in 1956. ControversyThe events that led to his controversial dismissal began in 1958 when United College Principal Wilfred Lockhart obtained, by mysterious means, a letter written by Professor Crowe to his colleague, William Packer. In that letter, Crowe had expressed concern with the religious and academic environment at United College and the worrying prospect of a Conservative victory in the upcoming federal election.{{Year needed|date=April 2017}} Lockhart raised the letter to the College’s Board of Regents. Professor Crowe was subsequently fired on the grounds that the letter demonstrated his incompatibility with the "avowed purposes" of the College and his lack of respect and loyalty to the administration. Crowe objected to his dismissal by arguing, among other things, that the letter was private in nature and its reading by Principal Lockhart was unauthorized. Crowe’s termination prompted local and national concern about academic freedom and the status of tenure in higher education. Kenneth McNaught, Stewart Reid, and Richard Stingle announced they would resign in protest.[2] Crowe’s dismissal, along with public concern about the affair, prompted the Canadian Association of University Teachers to step in by forming an ad hoc committee of enquiry—the first such committee established by CAUT, which was formed in 1951. In 1959, the final report of the CAUT investigation was delivered by University of Toronto law professor Bora Laskin and University of Saskatchewan economist Vernon Fowke.[3] The "Fowke-Laskin Report" [4] concluded that Crowe’s dismissal was "an unjust and unwarranted invasion of the security of academic tenure." [5] The report further determined that the Board of Regents mishandled the complaint against Professor Crowe, violating natural justice, due process, and academic freedom. The release of the Fowke-Laskin report compelled the Board of Regents to reinstate Professor Crowe. However, the Board refused to reinstate his colleagues—McNaught, Reid, and Stingle—who had resigned in support of Harry Crowe. In protest, Crowe and twelve other faculty resigned from their positions at United College. Among them were: Michael Oliver, Fred Harper, Walter Young, Margaret Stobie, Roman R. March, G.E. Panting, Hugh R. Makepeace,[6] Kay Sigurjonsson,[7] William Packer, John Warkentin, Michael Jaremko, and Elizabeth F. Morrison.[8] LegacyOne year after the Crowe events, CAUT adopted its first policy statement on academic freedom and established an Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee,[9] which continues to monitor and investigate freedom matters for academic staff in Canada. Following the incident at United College, Crowe worked for several years as a labour researcher for the Canadian Brotherhood of Railway, Transport, and General Workers. He returned to the academy for a teaching post at Atkinson College, York University, where he was a professor (1966–1969) and then college dean (1969–1974 and 1979–1981). Crowe also wrote as a columnist for both the Toronto Telegram and Chatelaine.[10] He was co-author of A Source-Book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers.[11] In 2002, the Canadian Association of University Teachers established the Harry Crowe Foundation,[12] a charitable organization that undertakes education and research on the role of post-secondary teaching and research in contemporary society. Bibliography
References1. ^Horn, Michiel. Academic Freedom in Canada: A History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1998. {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Crowe, Harry S.}}2. ^McNaught, Kenneth. Conscience and History: A Memoir. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1999. 3. ^{{cite web|author=Paul Phillips |url=http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/vernon-clifford-fowke/ |title=Vernon Clifford Fowke |publisher=The Canadian Encyclopedia |date= |accessdate=2014-06-06}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.crowefoundation.ca/documents/CroweReport.pdf |title=Report of the Investigation by the Committee of the Canadian Association of University Teachers into the Dismissal of Professor H.S. Crowe by United College, Winnipeg, Manitoba |publisher=Crowefoundation.ca |accessdate=2013-10-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004212554/https://www.crowefoundation.ca/documents/CroweReport.pdf |archivedate=2013-10-04 |df= }} 5. ^"Report on the Crowe Case," Canadian Association of University Teachers, CAUT Bulletin, 7:3 (1959)p. 46 6. ^Teacher stood up for colleague http://www.thewhig.com/2009/12/21/teacher-stood-up-for-colleague 7. ^http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20170331.OBSIGURJONSSON/BDAStory/BDA/deaths 8. ^Savage, Donald C. and Christopher Holmes, "The CAUT, the Crowe Case, and the Development of the Idea of Academic Freedom in Canada," CAUT Bulletin, 24, 3 (December, 1975), p. 25 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.caut.ca/about-us/committees-and-working-groups/academic-freedom-and-tenure-committee |title=Academic Freedom and Tenure Committee of the Canadian Association of University Teachers |publisher=Caut.ca |date= |accessdate=2014-06-06}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://archivesfa.library.yorku.ca/fonds/ON00370-f0000297.htm |title=F0297 - Harry S. Crowe fonds |publisher=Archivesfa.library.yorku.ca |date=2003-04-16 |accessdate=2013-10-20}} 11. ^{{cite book|last=Reid, Crowe, & McNaught|title=A Source-Book of Canadian History: Selected Documents and Personal Papers|date=1964|publisher=Longmans Canada|location=Toronto|url=https://www.questia.com/library/91233269/a-source-book-of-canadian-history-selected-documents}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.crowefoundation.ca |title=Harry Crowe Foundation |publisher=Crowefoundation.ca |date= |accessdate=2013-01-26}} 13. ^{{cite web|authors=Gordon Goldsborough, J. M. Bumsted |url=http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/people/crowe_hs.shtml |title=Memorable Manitobans: Harry Sherman Crowe (1922-1981) |publisher=Mhs.mb.ca |date=2008-02-05 |accessdate=2013-10-20}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://umanitoba.ca/libraries/units/archives/collections/rad/berry.html |title=University of Manitoba - Libraries - Edmund J. Berry fonds |publisher=Umanitoba.ca |date=1993-09-03 |accessdate=2013-10-20}} 6 : Canadian male non-fiction writers|University of Winnipeg faculty|Academic freedom|1922 births|1981 deaths|20th-century Canadian historians |
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