| 词条 | Hatula |
| 释义 |
|name = Hatula |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = |alt = |caption = |map_type = Israel |map_alt = |map_size = |location = |region = Israel |coordinates = {{coord|31.825556|34.9875|display=inline}} |type = semi-circular dwelling |part_of = |length = |width = |area = |height = |builder = |material = |built = |abandoned = |epochs = PPNA |cultures = Natufian, Khiamian |dependency_of = |occupants = |event = |excavations = 1981-1990 |archaeologists = Monique Lechevallier, Avraham Ronen |condition = Ruins |ownership = |management = |public_access = |website = |notes = }}Hatula is an early Neolithic archeological site in the Judean hills south of Latrun, beside Nahal Nachshon, in Israel, {{convert|20|km|mi}} west of Jerusalem.[1] The site is {{convert|15|m|ft}} above the riverbed on a rocky slope in an alluvial valley. Excavations revealed three levels of occupation in the Natufian, Khiamian and PPNA (Sultanian).[2] The site was excavated in eight seasons between 1981 and 1990 by Monique Lechevallier of the CNRS and Avraham Ronen from the University of Haifa. They unearthed a semi-circular dwelling with burial in the latest period. The site was suggested to have been a hunting station for flocks of gazelle.[2] Radiocarbon dates for the site suggest habitation between 10150 and 9320 BC by semi-sedentary groups.[2] Evidence suggested domesticated dogs were present at the site.[2][3] Study of the lithic industry suggested the Khiamian was an adaptation of the Natufian in the area. Evidence of an accomplished bone industry were found but no signs of any grinding tools, art objects or building materials in the earliest two levels indicating a short term settlement pattern.[2] Archeaobotanical samples were taken from the Khiamian and Sultanian periods for phytolith analysis. This gave evidence of wheat at the site, along with an unidentified grass whose seeds were possibly a food source, both of which suggested that cereals may have been part of the Natufian economy in Hatula. Changes in morphology of cells from husks of the grasses suggest a larger seed content, possibly due to increased exploitation, in the Sultanian.[4]References1. ^Ronen, A. Lechevallier, M., The Natufian and Early Neolithic site Hatula, near Latrun, Israel, Quartär, 35/36, pp. 141-164, 24, 1985. 2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Maisels|first=Charles Keith|title=Early Civilizations of the Old World: The Formative Histories of Egypt, the Levant, Mesopotamia, India and China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7_hcCxJd9AC&pg=PA96|accessdate=8 July 2011|year=2001|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-10976-5|pages=96–}} 3. ^{{cite book|title=The Natufian culture in the Levant|last1=Bar-Yosef|first1=Ofer|last2=Valla|first2=François Raymond|publisher=International Monographs in Prehistory|year=1991|isbn=1-879621-03-7|page=157}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Pearsall|first1=Deborah M.|last2=Piperno|first2=Dolores R.|title=Current Research in Phytolith Analysis|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2N2DHjp1I_YC&pg=PA168|accessdate=8 July 2011|date=January 1993|publisher=UPenn Museum of Archaeology|isbn=978-1-931707-02-2|pages=168–}} External links
5 : Neolithic settlements|Natufian sites|Khiamian sites|Archaeological type sites|Prehistoric sites in Israel |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。