| 词条 | Robert Alexander (United States Army officer) |
| 释义 |
|name=Robert Alexander |birth_date={{birth date|1863|10|17}} |death_date={{death date and age|1941|08|25|1863|10|17}} |birth_place=Baltimore, Maryland, US |death_place=Manhattan, New York City, US |placeofburial=Arlington National Cemetery, United States |placeofburial_label=Place of Burial |image=Major General Robert Alexander in 1919.jpg |caption=Alexander in 1919 |allegiance={{flag|United States}} |branch={{army|United States}} |serviceyears=1886–1927 |rank= Major General |commands=41st Division 63rd Brigade 77th Division |unit= Infantry Branch |battles=World War I |awards=Distinguished Service Cross, Croix de Guerre |spouse= Mollie Augur Alexander (nee Thomas) }} Major General Robert Alexander (October 17, 1863 – August 25, 1941) was a senior United States Army officer. He served in World War I, where he commanded the 77th Infantry Division on the Western Front. Early lifeRobert Alexander was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on October 17, 1863. His parents were Judge and Mrs. William Alexander.[1] His father had been Justice of the Circuit Court of Baltimore City and the Court of Appeals of the State of Maryland. Alexander studied law in the offices of J. B. and Edwin H. Brown in Centreville, Maryland. He attained admission to the bar, but decided against a legal career, instead enlisting in the United States Army's 4th Infantry Regiment as a Private on April 7, 1886.[2] CareerIn 1887, he became the First Sergeant of his company, and in 1889 received a promotion to second lieutenant.[1] As he rose through the ranks he took part in the American Indian Wars, served in Puerto Rico during the Spanish–American War, and on the Texas–Mexico Border during the Pancho Villa Expedition. When the United States joined the Allied forces in World War I, Alexander proved his valor and was able to rise through the ranks. He was also given the responsibility as inspector general in Zone of Communications from November 1917 to February 1918. Alexander was promoted to brigadier general in February 1918 and then to Major General on August 1918.[1] From the Headquarters of the 77th Division in France, Alexander was one of the officers who reported on the Lost Battalion Incident. A group of around 500 soldiers, in nine companies, had disappeared after going into the Argonne Forest expecting American and French Allied troops to meet them. This had followed an American attack on German forces and, with Major Charles White Whittlesey leading the group, the men found that the French troops had been stalled. As a result, the battalion was cut off by the Germans who surprised them and suffered large losses with only 197 men coming out of the ravine. In the report he states: I desire to publish to the command an official recognition of the valor and extraordinary heroism in action of the officers and enlisted men of the following organizations: Companies A, B, C, E, G, H 308th Infantry Company K 307th Infantry Companies C, D 306th Machine Gun Btln. These organizations, or detachments therefrom, comprised the approximate force of 550 men under command of Major Charles W. Whittlesey, which was cut off from the remainder of the Seventy-Seventh Division and surrounded by a superior number of the enemy near Charlevaux, in the Forest d'Argonne, from the morning of October 3, 1918, to the night of October 7, 1918. Without food for more than one hundred hours, harassed continuously by machine gun, rifle, trench mortar and grenade fire, Major Whittlesey's command, with undaunted spirit and magnificent courage, successfully met and repulsed daily violent attacks by the enemy. They held the position which had been reached by supreme efforts, under orders received for an advance, until communication was re-established with friendly troops. When relief finally came, approximately 194 officers and men were able to walk out of the position. Officers and men killed numbered 107. On the fourth day a written proposition to surrender received from the Germans was treated with the contempt which it deserved. The officers and men of these organizations during these five days of isolation continually gave unquestionable proof of extraordinary heroism and demonstrated the high standard and ideals of the United States Army. Robert Alexander, Major General, US Army Commanding" April 15, 1919[3] In France, he commanded the 41st Infantry Division, 63rd Infantry Brigade, and 77th Infantry Division.[1] After the war, he returned to the rank of Colonel and commanded the 3rd Field Artillery Brigade.[4] In 1919, Alexander received the honorary degree of LL.D. from St. John's College of Annapolis, Maryland.[5] He retired in 1927 at the rank of major general.[1] He authored a memoir, 1931's Memories of the World War, 1917–1918. Also in 1931, Alexander received an honorary LL.D. from the College of Puget Sound.[6] MasonryHe was a freemason.[7] Personal lifeHe married Mollie Augur Thomas (1871-1953), who was the daughter of Brigadier General Earl D. Thomas in 1892. Together, they had two sons: William Denison (1893-1978) and Robert (1900-1979). William Anderson became a Colonel and Robert Jr. became a lieutenant colonel of the United States Army and died within one year of each other. DeathHe died in Manhattan on August 25, 1941.[1] He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.[8] Awards
Ranks and commissions
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|last1=Davis, Jr.|first1=Henry Blaine|title=Generals in Khaki|date=1998|publisher=Pentland Press, Inc.|location=Raleigh, North Carolina |isbn=1571970886|page=3}} 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/ralexander.htm| title=Robert Alexander--Major General, United States Army |date=2007|author= |publisher= Arlington National Cemetery |via=Arlington National Cemetery Website}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/lostbatt.htm|title=Report on the Last Battalion Incident|date=2000|author= |publisher= For Great War Society |via= Doughboy Center}} 4. ^Gary J. Clifford, Robert Porter Patterson, [https://books.google.com/books?id=NJVRMP9cLhIC&pg=PA98&dq=%22robert+alexander%22+%22major+general%22+died+1941&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K3AvU4jPA--g0gGJm4HQBQ&ved=0CE4Q6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=%22robert%20alexander%22%20%22major%20general%22%20died%201941&f=false The World War I Memoirs of Robert P. Patterson: A Captain in the Great War], 2012, p. 98 5. ^{{cite book |last=St. John's College |date=1922 |title=Catalogue of St. John's College |url=https://archive.org/stream/catalogue1921stjo#page/110/mode/2up |location=Annapolis |newspaper=The Advertiser |page=111}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Simpson |first=Ralph |date=May 1, 1938 |title=Alumnus |url=http://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=thealumnus_all |location=College of Puget Sound |publisher=Tacoma, Wash. |page=29}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|title=Who Was Who in American History - the Military|date=1975|publisher=Marquis Who's Who|location=Chicago|isbn=0837932017|page=6}} 8. ^Washington State Historical Society, [https://books.google.com/books?id=spI1AAAAIAAJ&q=%22robert+alexander%22+%22major+general%22+died+1941&dq=%22robert+alexander%22+%22major+general%22+died+1941&hl=en&sa=X&ei=K3AvU4jPA--g0gGJm4HQBQ&ved=0CFUQ6AEwBQ Pacific Northwest Quarterly], Volumes 31–32, 1941, p. 472 Further reading
External links
8 : 1863 births|1941 deaths|American military personnel of the Spanish–American War|United States Army generals of World War I|American army personnel of World War I|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|Military personnel from Baltimore|Recipients of the Distinguished Service Cross (United States) |
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