| 词条 | Havelock Mills |
| 释义 |
| building_name = Havelock Mills | native_building_name= Great Bridgewater Street Mills | alternate_names = | image = | caption = | textile_type = CottonSilk | power_source = Steam | building_type = Silk throwing Cotton spinning | architectural_style = | structural_system = Fairbairn cast iron frame | cost = | employees = | listing_authority = English Heritage | listing_level = Grade: II | listing_number = 388155 | listing_date = 31 January 1990 |location_town= Manchester |location_country= UK |altitude= |map_type=Greater Manchester | coordinates = {{coord|53.5|-2.25|type:landmark_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | serving_canal = Rochdale Canal | owner = | owner_2 = | acquisition_date_2 = | owner_3 = | acquisition_date_3 = | owner_4 = | acquisition_date_4 = | current_tenants = | current_owner = | start_date = 1820, 1840 | completion_date = | renovation_date = | re-equiptment_date_2= | re-equiptment_date_3= | change_of_use_date = | demolition_date = 1994 | destruction_date = | height = | other_dimensions = | floor_count = 7 | floor_area = | floor_height = | floor_usage = | floor_construction = | main_contractor = | architect = | architecture_firm = | structural_engineer = | other_designers = | awards = | ren_architect = | ren_firm = | ren_oth_designers = | ren_qty_surveyor = | ren_awards = | engine_date = | engine_decommissioned = | engine_maker = | engine_type = | engine_valve = | engine_throw = | engine_rpm = | engine_kWatt = | engine_hp = | engine_fly_diameter = | transmission_type = Vertical shaft | no_of_ropes = | boilers = | boiler_temperature = | psi = | equipment_maker = | date_of_equipping = | no_of_looms = | cotton_count = | scutchers = | carding_engines = | doublers = | kiers = | other_equipment = | mule_frames = | ring_frames = | references = }} Havelock Mills in central Manchester were built between 1820 and 1840. It was probably the largest surviving silk mill in the north-west region in the 1970s and had a unique combination of silk and cotton mills on one site. It was a landmark on the Rochdale Canal, overlooking Tib Lock, one of the Rochdale Nine.{{sfn|British Listed Buildings}} LocationThe mills were built on the canal side on Great Bridgewater Street. The Manchester and Salford Junction Canal was to the east, and Rochdale Canal's Tib Lock (Lock 89) was to the south. HistoryThe mill was a large silk mill and early spinning mill. It was granted Grade II listed building status but was demolished in 1992. The site is now occupied by the Evershed Building.{{sfn|Holden|2004}} Demolition of the Grade II listed building was controversial but went ahead after protests and a public inquiry.{{sfn|Swailes|1995}} Before demolition, the developer agreed to a programme of structural tests on the building frame sponsored by English Heritage and the Department of Trade and Industry. The designer of the frame is anonymous, but it is in the style of the Manchester engineer William Fairbairn. After demolition Joe Marsh and Tom Swaile of UMIST arranged for part of the iron frame to be re-erected on the UMIST campus. Assembly on campus was by Percival Brothers of Stockport. Another part of the frame was shipped to Paris and formed the 'gateway' piece to an exhibition at the Pompidou Centre "The Art of the Structural Engineer". {{efn|Details of the test were published by Joe Marsh and Tom Swailes in Structural Appraisal of Iron-framed Textile Mills, published in 1998 by the Institution of Civil Engineers through their publishing arm Thomas Telford. {{sfn|Swailes|1995}} }} ArchitectureHavelock Mills were two interlinked L-shaped multi-storey mills. They were notable in that the mill built in 1820 was a silk-mill and the second, built in 1840 was a fire-proof cotton mill. The silk mill was of six storeys over a basement and had 18 bays facing Great Bridgewater Street (Nos 72 and 74). The windows had raised sills and wedge lintels. Three bays were blind. The doorways were round-headed with rusticated long-and-short surrounds. The 20-bay west range had segmental-headed windows with raised sills, and loading doors on most floors, the octagonal chimney was in the south-west corner. The rear of the main range had a garderobe turret (privy tower) to the right and a semi-octagonal turret in the centre. The cotton mill was of a basement and six storeys, its 10 bays were at right angles to the street. It was 4 bays wide and attached by a two-bay link to the silk mill over the wagon entrance to the court-yard. The cotton mill was of fire-proof construction with 2 rows of cast-iron columns, and parabolic cast-iron beams carrying brick vaulting. Attached to south wall was a full-height vertical drive-shaft. The parabolic cast-iron beams were Hodgkinson beams, of the type that William Fairbairn had devised after intensive stress analysis tests carried out at the Ancoats foundry three years earlier. The cotton mill has a fire-proofed basement boiler-house with massive cast-iron girders and stone flagged floors. Its cast-iron spiral staircase was contained in a semicircular turret at the south-west corner. The detached engine house contained a beam engine. {{sfn|Swailes|1995}}{{sfn|Roberts|1921}} See also{{Portal|Greater Manchester}}
ReferencesFootnotes{{notelist}}NotesBibliography{{Refbegin}}
External links
10 : Textile mills in Manchester|Cotton mills|Silk mills|Former textile mills in the United Kingdom|Demolished buildings and structures in Manchester|Demolished manufacturing buildings and structures|Buildings and structures demolished in 1994|1820 establishments in England|1994 disestablishments in England|History of Manchester |
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