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词条 Haystack Island
释义

  1. Description

  2. Formation, geology and oceanography

  3. Flora and fauna

      Flora    Fauna  

  4. Protected areas status

  5. References

{{About|the island in South Australia||Haystack (disambiguation){{!}}Haystack }}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2014}}{{Infobox islands
| name = Haystack
| map = South Australia
| map_caption =
| length_m = 500
| width_m = 120
| elevation_m = 43
| location = Investigator Strait
| country = Australia
| coordinates = {{coord|-35.32191|136.9071|type:isle_region:AU-SA|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
}}

Haystack Island is an island located in Investigator Strait off the south coast of Yorke Peninsula in the Australian state of South Australia about {{convert|6|km|abbr=off}} south-west of Stenhouse Bay. Since 1972, it has been part of the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park.

Description

Haystack Island is about {{convert|6|km|abbr=off}} south-west of Stenhouse Bay. It is described as ‘a narrow wall of sheer cliffs, undermined, indented and marked by fresh scars and rockfalls’ and that ‘has been eroded to a series of tall lobes connected by thin necks of rock that narrow to an almost knife-edge ridge’. It is surrounded by a ‘fringing wave-cut reef’. The island is about {{convert|500|m|abbr=off}} long by a maximum width of about {{convert|120|m|abbr=off}} and with the tallest lobe having a height of {{convert|43|m|abbr=off}}. Its long axis is aligned in a north-west to south-east direction.[1][1]

Access is reported as best done in calm seas and that the summit ridge can be reached from the island’s east coast via a rubble cone of rubble, taking care when climbing the slope’s ‘loose and crumbling’ surface. A survey carried out in 1982 by the responsible government agency used a helicopter to access the island’s summit.[1][4]

A number of sources consider Haystack Island along with the Althorpe Islands and Seal Island to be a group of islands known as the Althorpe Islands Group.[2][3][7]

Formation, geology and oceanography

Haystack Island was formed about 7350 years ago after sea levels rose at the start of the Holocene thereby separating Yorke Peninsula from Kangaroo Island.[4]

Haystack Island consists of a seam of Bridgewater Formation calcarenite that sits on a largely submerged ridge of Gleesons Landing Granite.[5][6]

Haystack Island rises from a depth of {{convert|20|m|abbr=off}} within {{convert|300|m|abbr=off}} from its southern shore.[7]

Flora and fauna

Flora

A survey carried out in November 1982 found 11 species of plants making up a shrubland covering the island’s ridge including Grey Samphire, Marsh saltbush, and Nitre-bush in the deeper soils, and Cushion-bush, Round-leaved Pigface and Southern Sea-heath in the shallower soils.[8][9]

Fauna

A survey carried out in November 1982 reported evidence of the presence of the following vertebrate animals - the White-faced storm petrel by the presence of ‘shallow burrows’ used during the ‘summer breeding season’, Pacific gull by the existence of a ‘large midden of shell fragments was found on the highest dome, indicating a feeding site…’, and the White-bellied sea eagle by the presence of a ‘maintained nest’.[8][9]

Protected areas status

Since 1972, Haystack Island has been part of the Althorpe Islands Conservation Park. Since 2007, it has been a prohibited area where access is only allowed by permit in order to protect the breeding population of seabirds.[10][11][12] Since 2012, the waters surrounding its shores are part of a habitat protection zone located within the boundaries of the Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park.[13]

References

1. ^{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page=500 | date = 1996| isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
2. ^{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page=286 | date = 1996| isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
3. ^{{cite enroute|175|2017|196}}
4. ^{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page=12 | date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
5. ^1 {{cite book |title= Management Plan - Althorpe Islands, Goose Island and Troubridge Island Conservation Parks |author= |year=2009 |series= |publisher= Department of Environment & Heritage |location=Adelaide |isbn= 978-1-921466-76-2 |page =13|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/3fbcb962-2f67-4e9b-ae0d-9e4f00b16923/cons-gen-althorpe-goose-troubridge-parkmgmtplan-adopted.pdf }}
6. ^{{cite journal| last =Fairclough| first =Martin C| authorlink =| title =KINGSCOTE Special 1:250 000 geological map| journal =MESA Journal| volume =47| issue =| pages =28–31| publisher =Government of South Australia, DMITRE| location =| date =December 2007| language =| url =http://www.pir.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0015/71034/MJ47_kingscote_map.pdf.| jstor =| issn =1326-3544| doi =| id =| mr =| zbl =| jfm =| accessdate =18 May 2014}}{{dead link|date=October 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
7. ^{{Citation | author1=South Australia. Department of Marine and Harbors | title=The Waters of South Australia a series of charts, sailing notes and coastal photographs | publication-date=1985 | publisher=Dept. of Marine and Harbors, South Australia | pages= Chart 23|isbn=978-0-7243-7603-2 }}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | pages=287–288 | date = 1996| isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
9. ^1 2 {{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | pages=445–451, 452 & 457 | date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
10. ^{{cite book |title= Management Plan - Althorpe Islands, Goose Island and Troubridge Island Conservation Parks |author= |year=2009 |series= |publisher= Department of Environment & Heritage |location=Adelaide |isbn= 978-1-921466-76-2 |page =1|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/3fbcb962-2f67-4e9b-ae0d-9e4f00b16923/cons-gen-althorpe-goose-troubridge-parkmgmtplan-adopted.pdf }}
11. ^{{cite book |title= Management Plan - Althorpe Islands, Goose Island and Troubridge Island Conservation Parks |author= |year=2009 |series= |publisher= Department of Environment & Heritage |location=Adelaide |isbn= 978-1-921466-76-2 |page =28|url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/3fbcb962-2f67-4e9b-ae0d-9e4f00b16923/cons-gen-althorpe-goose-troubridge-parkmgmtplan-adopted.pdf }}
12. ^{{cite book | last1 = A.C. | first1 = Robinson | first2 = P.| last2 = Canty | first3 =T. | last3 = Mooney |first4=P. |last4= Rudduck | title = South Australia's offshore islands | location = Canberra | publisher = Australian Heritage Commission |url=http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/5a7dbb25-70b9-4ceb-bbfd-a25800961994/offshore-islands-gen.pdf | page=146 | date = 1996 | isbn = 0-644350-11-3 }}
13. ^{{cite web|title= Southern Spencer Gulf Marine Park, Management plan summary |url= http://www.environment.sa.gov.au/files/699ad3dc-be2e-4ee6-9d89-a11f00f2f6d8/mp-gen-mgmtplansumm-12-southernspencergulf.pdf |publisher=Department of Environment Water and Natural Resources|accessdate=13 July 2014|page =2|year=2012}}
{{Islands of South Australia |state=collapsed}}{{Yorke Peninsula}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Haystack Island}}

4 : Islands of South Australia|Uninhabited islands of Australia|Yorke Peninsula|Investigator Strait
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