“Health in Nauru”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In Nauru, health is challenged by obesity, limited lifespan and childhood health.

Demographics

In 2013, the 366 live births were divided into 193 males and 173 females.^[1] The average age of mothers at first birth in 2007 was 22.1 years.^[2] The fertility rate, (numbers of births per 1,000 women aged 15–49) is 105.^[2] In 2011, 75 people died.^[3]

Cardiovascular disease (44%) and cancer (10%) were the primary causes of deaths in 2002.^[4] From 2007 to 2011 the birth rate was 27.2, nearly four times the death rate of 7.5.^[2] The estimated infant mortality rate was 8.21 deaths per live births in 2014.

The age structure is dominated by the 15–64 rate (65.6%), while the population younger than 15 and older than 64 is relatively small (32.5% and 1.8%, respectively). The median age is 21.5.

Nauru has the highest obesity rate in the world. 97 per cent of men and 93 per cent of women are obese.^[5] In 2011, the average body mass index was around 34.5, which is greater than obese (30+). The main reason for the obesity is result of the consumption of Western food.^[6]

Healthcare

Nauru has a universal health care system, which is provided to all citizens without charge.^[7]

The single hospital is the Republic of Nauru Hospital in Yaren. It was formed by the amalgamation of the government-run Nauru General Hospital and the private Nauru Phosphate Corporation Hospital in 1999.^[8] It offers basic medical and surgical care, along with radiological, laboratory, pharmacy and dental services. The Nauru Public Health Centre offers treatments for diabetes and other obesity-related diseases. This is the only form of specialized medical care. Patients who require additional treatment travel to Australia.^[9]^[10]

In 2012, an estimated 7.5% of its GDP was spent on healthcare.^[11] In 2004, 149 physicians and 557 nurses per 100,000 people were present.^[12] In 2012, it was estimated that 26.2% and 22.1% of the population under 15 years of age consumed tobacco and cigarettes, respectively.^[13] The population has a life expectancy of 66.4 years at birth, which ranks Nauru 169th in the world.^[14]

References

1. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=190&Itemid=265#births-summary | title=Vital Statistics – Births/Fertility | publisher=Nauru Bureau of Statistics | accessdate=14 July 2014}}
2. ^¹{{cite web | url=http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/index.php/population-censuses | title=Population Census of 2011 | publisher=Nauru Bureau of Statistics | accessdate=29 June 2014}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.spc.int/prism/nauru/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=189&Itemid=266#mortality-summary | title=Vital Statistics – Deaths/Mortality | publisher=Nauru Bureau of Statistics | accessdate=14 July 2014}}
4. ^{{cite web | author=World Health Organization | url=http://www.who.int/chp/chronic_disease_report/media/impact/nauru.pdf | title=The Impact of Chronic Disease in Nauru | publisher=World Health Organization | year=2002 | accessdate=14 July 2014 | page=1}}
5. ^{{Cite news | last=Marks | first=Kathy | date=26 December 2010 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/fat-of-the-land-nauru-tops-obesity-league-2169418.html | title=Fat of the Land: Nauru Tops Obesity League | newspaper=The Guardian | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
6. ^{{Cite news | last=Laurance | first=Jeremy | date=4 February 2011 | url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/how-tiny-nauru-became-worlds-fattest-nation-2203835.html | title=How Tiny Nauru Became World's Fattest Nation | newspaper=The Independent | accessdate=28 July 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web | last=Kiste | first=Robert | date=18 November 2013 | url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/406671/Nauru/54009/Government-and-society | title=Nauru | work=Encyclopædia Britannica | page=2 | accessdate=14 July 2014}}
8. ^{{cite news |title=Find Health and Medical expertise in Nauru |url=http://www.commonwealthofnations.org/sectors-nauru/business/health_and_medical/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |publisher=Commonwealth Network |date=2018}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthhealth.org/pacific/nauru/health_systems_in_nauru/|title=Health systems in Nauru|website=www.commonwealthhealth.org}}
10. ^Boslaugh, Sarah E: Health Care Systems Around the World: A Comparative Guide, p. 332
11. ^{{cite web | url=http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.country.country-NRU?lang=en | title=WHO Western Pacific Region: Nauru Statistics Summary (2002–present) | publisher=World Health Organization | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
12. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Nauru.aspx | title=Nauru | publisher=Encyclopedia.com | accessdate=28 July 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/policy/country_profile/nru.pdf?ua=1 | title=Country Profile: Nauru | work=WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2013 | publisher=World Health Organization | accessdate=17 July 2014}}
14. ^¹²{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nr.html |title=Nauru |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RVPUjQKr?url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/nr.html |archivedate=1 August 2014 |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |work=The World Factbook |date=20 June 2014 |accessdate=1 August 2014 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }}
15. ^{{cite news |title=Nauru orders MSF to stop mental health work on island |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/06/nauru-orders-msf-to-stop-mental-health-work-on-island |accessdate=22 November 2018 |publisher=Guardian |date=6 October 2018}}
16. ^{{cite news |title=Medical charity MSF 'told to cease mental health work in Nauru' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-45774875 |accessdate=22 November 2018 |publisher=BBC |date=7 October 2018}}