| 词条 | Robert Herbert |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix= The Honourable | name = Sir Robert Herbert | honorific-suffix= GCB | nationality = English | image = Queensland State Archives 2954 Portrait of The Honourable Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert Premier of Queensland c 1862.png | order = 1st | office = Premier of Queensland | term_start = 10 December 1859 | term_end = 1 February 1866 | successor = Arthur Macalister | constituency = Leichhardt, West Moreton | term_start1 = 20 July 1866 | term_end1 = 7 August 1866 | predecessor1 = Arthur Macalister | successor1 = Arthur Macalister | constituency1 = West Moreton | constituency_AM2 = Leichhardt | assembly2 = Queensland Legislative | term_start2 = 4 May 1860 | term_end2 = 12 June 1863 | predecessor2 = New seat | successor2 = Gordon Sandeman | alongside2 = Charles Royds | constituency_AM3 = West Moreton | assembly3 = Queensland Legislative | term_start3 = 13 June 1863 | term_end3 = 7 August 1866 | predecessor3 = Henry Challinor | successor3 = Joseph Fleming | alongside3 = Benjamin Cribb, Joshua Peter Bell | birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1831|6|12}} | birth_place = Brighton, Sussex, England, United Kingdom | death_date = {{death date and age|df=yes|1905|5|6|1831|6|12}} | death_place = Ickleton, Cambridgeshire, England, United Kingdom | party = | signature = | footnotes = |}}Sir Robert George Wyndham Herbert, {{post-nominals|country=AUS|GCB}} (12 June 1831 – 6 May 1905), was the first Premier of Queensland, Australia. At 28 years and 181 days of age, he was the youngest person to ever be elected Premier of an Australian state.[1] Early yearsBorn in Brighton, England on 12 June 1831,[2] Herbert was the only son of the Hon. Algernon Herbert, a younger son of the first Earl of Carnarvon. He was educated at Eton and Balliol College, Oxford. He won a Balliol scholarship in 1849 and subsequently the Hertford and Ireland scholarships. He took a first class in classical moderations, won the Latin verse prize in 1852, and obtained second-class final honours in the classical school. He was elected Fellow of All Souls in 1854 and was Eldon law scholar. In 1855 he was private secretary to William Ewart Gladstone and was called to the bar of the Inner Temple in 1858.[3][4] Queensland colonyWhen Queensland was formed into a separate colony Sir George Bowen was appointed the first governor. He arrived at Brisbane on 10 December 1859 and brought Herbert with him as his private secretary. On the day of the governor's arrival, Herbert was gazetted as colonial secretary with Ratcliffe Pring as attorney-general. These with the governor formed an executive council to which additions were made afterwards. At the election held early in 1860 Herbert was returned unopposed for one of the Leichhardt seats in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland and became the first Premier of Queensland. He showed himself to be a good leader and held office from December 1859 to February 1866.[3] During his time as Premier four land acts were passed, and the education question was also the subject of early measures. The governor, in writing to the secretary of state, stated that the Queensland parliament "had passed a greater number of really useful measures than any other parliament in any of the Australian colonies". Certainly the first Queensland government was in marked contrast to those of the other colonies, each of which averaged half a dozen ministries in the same period. Herbert, however, fell into some disfavour when financial difficulties arose. He resigned in February 1866 and was succeeded by Arthur Macalister who was premier until 20 July 1866. Herbert was anxious to return to England on account of private business, but at the request of the governor formed a ministry which lasted less than three weeks and was merged in the second Macalister ministry. Herbert then left for England, having gained much experience which was to be very useful to him in later years.[3] Career in EnglandA few months after Herbert's arrival in England he was appointed Assistant-Secretary to the Board of Trade, in 1870 was made Assistant Under-Secretary for the Colonies, and in 1871 became Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. He held this position for 21 years with great distinction. His attitude was generally conciliatory and he was tactful in dealing with men who came in contact with him. In 1882 he was created K.C.B. and in 1892 G.C.B. In the same year he was appointed chancellor of the Order of St Michael and St George. He left the colonial office in 1892, but afterwards took up his duties again for a few months at the special request of Joseph Chamberlain. In 1893-6 he was agent-general for Tasmania, and did active work in connection with the formation of the British Empire League. In December 1903 he was chairman of the tariff commission.[4] Later yearsIn later years, Robert Herbert suffered from heart trouble. Believing his health would benefit from a sea voyage, he went for a cruise in the Mediterranean. He met his sister in Marseilles, France where his health worsened and he returned immediately to England. He was taken in an ambulance railway car on the Great Eastern Railway to his residence at Ickleton, Cambridgeshire, where he died on 6 May 1905.[4] Personal lifeRobert Herbert met his companion, John Bramston, in the early 1850s at Balliol College, Oxford University, England. The pair shared rooms at Oxford, and also in London.[1] When Herbert was Premier of Queensland, and Bramston his Attorney-General, the two created a farm on what is now the site of the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. They named the farmhouse in which they both lived "Herston", a combination of their names. It also became the name of the modern-day Brisbane suburb of Herston, in the same location. Robert Herbert never married, and modern historians, like Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon, conclude that he was likely gay.[5] [6][7] In 1864, Herbert offered an explanation as to why he had not married: "It does not seem to me reasonable to tell a man who is happy and content, to marry a woman who may turn out a great disappointment."[1]See also{{Portal|Queensland|Biography}}
References1. ^1 2 {{cite book | last=Aldrich | first=Robert |author2=Wotherspoon, Garry | title=Who's Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History: From World War II to the Present Day | year=2001 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=giM73n_lca4C&pg=PA207&vq=%22Robert+Herbert%22&source=gbs_search_r&cad=1_1&sig=mQg0smpWw1sDLsEImVb-JoQtCs4 | publisher=Routledge | isbn=0-415-15982-2 | accessdate=26 September 2008 | page=207}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article20793354 |title=DEATH OF SIR ROBERT HERBERT. |newspaper=The Queenslander |date=13 May 1905 |accessdate=29 October 2013 |page=32 |via=National Library of Australia}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite book | last=Serle | first=Percival | title=Dictionary of Australian Biography | location=Sydney | publisher=Project Gutenberg of Australia | origyear=1949 | year=2006 | oclc=74490966}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Death of Sir Robert Herbert|newspaper=The Times|date=8 May 1905|page=6}} 5. ^{{cite book |title=Sunshine and Rainbows: The Development of Gay and Lesbian Culture in Queensland |pages=43–45 |author=Clive Moore |year=2001 |publisher=University of Queensland Press|isbn=9780702232084}} 6. ^{{cite book |title=Who's who in Gay and Lesbian History: From Antiquity to World War II |pages=245, 246 |authors=Robert Aldrich, Garry Wotherspoon |year=2002 |publisher=Psychology Press |isbn=9780415159838 }} 7. ^{{cite news|last1=Feeney|first1=Katherine|title=Sex, politics and how Herston got its name|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/entertainment/your-brisbane/sex-politics-and-how-herston-got-its-name-20090604-bwgr.html|accessdate=11 January 2015|work=The Brisbane Times|date=4 June 2009}} External links{{Commons category-inline}}{{s-start}}{{S-par|au-qld}}{{S-new|division}}{{S-ttl|title=Member for Leichhardt|years=1860–1863|alongside=Charles Royds}}{{S-aft|after=Gordon Sandeman}}{{S-bef|before=Henry Challinor}}{{S-ttl|title=Member for West Moreton|years=1863–1866||alongside=Benjamin Cribb, Joshua Peter Bell}}{{S-aft|after=Joseph Fleming}}{{s-off}}{{s-new}}{{s-ttl| title = Premier of Queensland| years = 1859{{spaced ndash}}1866}}{{s-aft| after = Arthur Macalister}}{{succession box| title = Premier of Queensland | before = Arthur Macalister | after = Robert Mackenzie | years = 1866}}{{s-gov}}{{succession box | title = Permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies | before = Sir Frederic Rogers | after = Sir Robert Henry Meade | years = 1871{{spaced ndash}}1892}}{{s-dip}}{{s-bef|before= Sir Edward Braddon }}{{s-ttl|title=Agent-General for Tasmania|years=1893{{ndash}}1896}}{{s-aft|after=Sir Andrew Clarke}}{{s-hon}}{{succession box | title = High Sheriff of the County of London | before = Samuel Faudel-Phillips | after = John Verity | years = 1899{{spaced ndash}}1900}}{{s-end}}{{Premiers of Queensland}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Herbert, Robert}} 15 : 1831 births|1905 deaths|Herbert family|Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford|Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath|Members of The Club|Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly|People educated at Eton College|Premiers of Queensland|Permanent Under-Secretaries of State for the Colonies|Civil servants in the Board of Trade|Private secretaries in the British Civil Service|High Sheriffs of the County of London|19th-century Australian politicians|19th-century Australian public servants |
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