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Robert II, Count of Artois

释义

Life
Battle of the Golden Spurs
Family
Ancestry
References
Sources
External links

{{ infobox nobility
| name = Robert II, Count of Artois
| image = Robert2Artois.jpg
| caption = Robert II, Count of Artois
| noble family = House of Artois
| father = Robert I of Artois
| mother = Matilda of Brabant
| spouse = {{plainlist|

Amicie de Courtenay
Agnes of Dampierre
Margaret of Hainaut

}}
| issue = {{plainlist|

Mahaut
Philip
Robert

}}
| birth_date = September 1250
| birth_place =
| death_date = {{death date and age|1302|7|11|1250|9|df=y}}
| death_place = Battle of the Golden Spurs, near Kortrijk
}}

Robert II (September 1250 – 11 July 1302) was the Count of Artois, the posthumous son and heir of Robert I and Matilda of Brabant.{{sfn|Henneman Jr.|1995|p=143}} Nephew of the sainted King Louis IX. He died at the Battle of the Golden Spurs.

Life

An experienced soldier, he took part in the Aragonese Crusade and attempted an invasion of Sicily in 1287.{{sfn|Housley|1992|p=204}} In 1288 Robert began work on a great park at Hesdin. The park contained a menagerie, aviaries, fishponds, orchards, an enclosed garden and facilities for tournaments.{{sfn|Landsberg|1995|p=22}} It also contained mechanical statues including waving monkeys draped in skins.{{sfn|Macdougall|1986|p=117,127}}

He defeated the Flemings in 1297 at the Battle of Furnes.{{sfn|Funck-Brentano|1922|p=375}} He was again sent into Flanders in July 1302, where he began to ravage the countryside and attempted to take the town of Kortrijk.

Battle of the Golden Spurs

He then met the Flemish army at the Battle of the Golden Spurs. His infantry advanced with great success against the Flemings (mostly city militia), but he ordered their recall to allow his cavalry to make the final, victorious charge. But on the broken, marshy ground, his knights were unable to gain enough momentum to break the Flemish shieldwall, and they were knocked down and slaughtered. Robert led some of the reserves in a second charge in an attempt to reverse their fortunes, but he and his troops were cut down by the Flemish infantry.{{sfn|Dunbabin|1991|p=178}}

Family

In 1262 in Paris Robert married Amicie de Courtenay (1250–1275),{{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}} daughter of Pierre de Courtenay, Seigneur de Conches, a great-grandson of Louis VI, and Perronelle de Joigny. They had three children:

Mahaut (1268–1329){{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}}
Philip (1269–1298){{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}}
Robert (born 1271, died young).

After Amicie's death, Robert married twice more: first, in 1277, to Agnes of Dampierre (1237–1288), heiress of Bourbon,{{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}} and then, on 18 October 1298 to Margaret (died 1342),{{sfn|Dunbabin|2011|p=xiv}} daughter of John II, Count of Hainaut. After Robert's death, his daughter Mahaut inherited Artois, but his grandson Robert III unsuccessfully tried to claim it.{{sfn|Henneman Jr.|1995|p=143}}

Ancestry

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. Robert II, Count of Artois
|2= 2. Robert I, Count of Artois
|3= 3. Matilda of Brabant
|4= 4. Louis VIII of France
|5= 5. Blanche of Castile
|6= 6. Henry II, Duke of Brabant
|7= 7. Marie of Hohenstaufen
|8= 8. Philip II of France
|9= 9. Isabelle of Hainaut
|10= 10. Alfonso VIII of Castile
|11= 11. Eleanor of England
|12= 12. Henry I, Duke of Brabant
|13= 13. Mathilde of Flanders
|14= 14. Philip of Swabia
|15= 15. Irene Angelina
|16= 16. Louis VII of France
|17= 17. Adèle of Champagne
|18= 18. Baldwin V, Count of Hainaut
|19= 19. Margaret I, Countess of Flanders
|20= 20. Sancho III of Castile
|21= 21. Blanche of Navarre
|22= 22. Henry II of England
|23= 23. Eleanor of Aquitaine
|24= 24. Godfrey III, Count of Leuven
|25= 25. Margaret of Limburg
|26= 26. Matthew, Count of Boulogne
|27= 27. Marie I, Countess of Boulogne
|28= 28. Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor
|29= 29. Beatrice I, Countess of Burgundy
|30= 30. Isaac II Angelos, Byzantine Emperor
|31= 31. Unknown Palaiologina?, afterwards Irene
}}

References

Sources

{{cite book |last=Dunbabin |first=Jean |title=A Hound of God: Pierre de la Palud and the Fourteenth-Century Church |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1991 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |title=The French in the Kingdom of Sicily, 1266–1305 |first=Jean |last=Dunbabin |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2011 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Funck-Brentano |first=Frantz |title=The Middle Ages |publisher=Heinemann |year=1922 |ref=harv}}
{{cite encyclopedia |title= Artois |first=John Bell |last=Henneman Jr. |encyclopedia=Medieval France: An Encyclopedia |editor-first1=William W. |editor-last1=Kibler |editor-first2=Grover A. |editor-last2=Zinn |editor-first3=Lawrence |editor-last3=Earp |publisher=Routledge |year=1995 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Housley |first=Norman |title=The Later Crusades, 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |last=Landsberg |first=Sylvia |year=1995 |title=The Medieval Garden |publisher=Thames and Hudson |ref=harv}}
{{cite book |editor-last=Macdougall |editor-first=Elisabeth B. |title=Medieval Gardens |publisher=Dumbarton Oaks |year=1986 |ref=harv}}

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20060316034150/http://www.briantimms.com/wijnbergen/wnartois1.htm Coat of Arms in the Wijnbergen Roll]

{{s-start}}{{s-hou|House of Artois|September|1250|11 July|1302}}{{succession box | before=Robert I | title=Count of Artois | years=1250–1302 | after=Mahaut
disputed by Robert III}}{{s-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Robert 02 of Artois}}

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