| 词条 | Robert Jarvik |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Jarvik | image = | birth_name = Robert Koffler Jarvik | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1946|05|11}} | birth_place = Midland, Michigan, U.S. | alma_mater = Syracuse University New York University | occupation = Scientist, researcher | spouse = {{marriage|Marilyn vos Savant|August 23, 1987}} | known_for = Developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart | website = [https://www.jarvikheart.com/] | relatives = Murray Jarvik (paternal uncle) }} Robert Koffler Jarvik, M.D. (born May 11, 1946) is an American scientist, researcher and entrepreneur known for his role in developing the Jarvik-7 artificial heart. Early lifeRobert Jarvik was born in Midland, Michigan, to Norman Eugene Jarvik and Edythe Koffler Jarvik, and raised in Stamford, Connecticut.[1] He is the nephew of Murray Jarvik, a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of the nicotine patch.[2][3] Jarvik is a graduate of Syracuse University. He earned a master's degree in medical engineering from New York University.[4] CareerAfter being admitted to the University of Utah School of Medicine, Jarvik completed two years of study, and in 1971 was hired by Willem Johan Kolff, a Dutch-born physician-inventor at the University of Utah,[4] who produced the first dialysis machine, and who was working on other artificial organs, including a heart. Jarvik received his M.D. in 1976 from the University of Utah. A medical scientist, he did not complete an internship or residency and has never been licensed to practice medicine.[5][6] Jarvik joined University of Utah's artificial organs program in 1971, then headed by Willem Johan Kolff, his mentor. At the time, the program used a pneumatic artificial heart design by Clifford Kwan-Gett that had sustained an animal in the lab for 10 days. Kolff assigned Jarvik to design a new heart that would overcome the problems of the Kwan-Gett heart, eventually culminating with the Jarvik-7 device.[7] In 1982, the team carried out an artificial heart implant - the second ever, 13 years after Domingo Liotta and Denton Cooley's first in 1969.[8] William DeVries first implanted the Jarvik-7 into retired dentist Barney Clark at the University of Utah on December 2, 1982. Clark required frequent visits to the hospital for the next 112 days, after which he died. During frequent press conferences to update the patient's condition, Jarvik, along with DeVries, briefed the world's media on Clark's condition. The next several implantations of the Jarvik-7 heart were conducted by Humana, a large health care insurance company. The second patient, William J. Schroeder, survived 620 days.[9] In 2006, Jarvik began appearing in television commercials for Pfizer's cholesterol medication Lipitor. Two members of Congress, as part of their campaign against celebrity endorsements, began an investigation as to whether his television advertisements constitute medical advice given without a license to practice medicine. One advert depicted Jarvik rowing, but due to insurance and other considerations, he did not row himself, and a body double was used.[10] Later, Jarvik said that he had not taken Lipitor until becoming a spokesman for the company.[11] On February 25, 2008, Pfizer announced that it would discontinue its ads with Jarvik.[12] Personal lifeJarvik is married to Parade magazine columnist Marilyn vos Savant since August 23, 1987.[13] Contrary to some sources,[14] Jarvik is not a Latter-day Saint.[15] ReferencesInline citations1. ^"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E5DB1139F930A35751C1A964948260&sec=health&pagewanted=1] on 2006-06-23. 2. ^{{cite news |first=Thomas|last=Maugh II|title=Dr. Murray E. Jarvik, 84; UCLA pharmacologist invented nicotine patch|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-me-jarvik14-2008may14,0,3688594.story|work= Los Angeles Times |publisher= |date=2008-05-14 |accessdate=2008-05-26}} 3. ^{{cite news |first=|last=|title=Dr. Murray Jarvik, co-inventor of nicotine patch, dies at 84 in Santa Monica|url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2008/05/10/america/NA-GEN-US-Obit-Jarvik.php|work= Associated Press |publisher= International Herald Tribune|date=2008-05-10 |accessdate=2008-05-26}} 4. ^1 "Milestones". Rime Magazine, March 2, 2009 p.18 5. ^"Men in the News: A Pair of Skilled Hands to Guide an Artificial Heart: Robert Kiffler Jarvik". Article in The New York Times, 3 December 1982. Retrieved from [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F00E5DB1139F930A35751C1A964948260&sec=health&pagewanted=1] on 2007-05-27. 6. ^"Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?". Article in MSNBC, 1 March 2007. Retrieved from on 2007-05-27. 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://salempress.com/store/samples/great_lives_from_history_inventors/great_lives_from_history_inventors_jarvik.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2010-06-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101128030349/http://salempress.com/Store/samples/great_lives_from_history_inventors/great_lives_from_history_inventors_jarvik.htm |archivedate=2010-11-28 |df= }} Great Lives from History: Inventors and Inventions -- Robert Jarvik 8. ^Liotta/Cooley "Orthotopic Cardiac Prosthesis for Two-Staged Cardiac Replacement," which appears in Volume 24 (1969) of the American Journal of Cardiology (pp. 723-730). 9. ^Artificial Heart - Early developments 10. ^"Congress questions Jarvik's credentials in celebrity ad" The State, January 8, 2008. http://www.thestate.com/nation/story/278107.html{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 11. ^American Medical Association Journal of Ethics October 2010, Volume 12, Number 10: 818-823 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Bazell|first1=Robert|title=Is this celebrity doctor's TV ad right for you?|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/id/16039753/#.V9-p9JMrKV4|work=NBC News|date=1 March 2007}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.marilynvossavant.com/bio.html|title=About Marilyn|accessdate=2007-11-03}}{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 14. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=cToJSzuFWu4C&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Robert+Jarvik+Mormon&source=bl&ots=81unjqcMU_&sig=42jMEQ3wsRgLdlKt5Uo7InHCggc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8pEPVYv3J8OgNsqshLAB&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Robert%20Jarvik%20Mormon&f=false Brother Paul's Mormon Bathroom Reader] 15. ^Skousen, Paul B.; Moon, Harold K. (November 1, 2005), [https://books.google.com/books?id=cToJSzuFWu4C&pg=PA39&lpg=PA39&dq=Robert+Jarvik+Mormon&source=bl&ots=81unjqcMU_&sig=42jMEQ3wsRgLdlKt5Uo7InHCggc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8pEPVYv3J8OgNsqshLAB&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=Robert%20Jarvik%20Mormon&f=false Brother Paul's Mormon Bathroon Reader], Cedar Fort, p. 39. Archived at Google Books. Retrieved March 21, 2016. General references
|pmid = 11265847 |publication-date=Mar 2001 |year=2001 |title=Research and development of an implantable, axial-flow left ventricular assist device: the Jarvik 2000 Heart. |volume=71 |issue=3 Suppl |periodical=Ann. Thorac. Surg. |pages=S125–32; discussion S144–6 |doi = 10.1016/S0003-4975(00)02614-X |last1 = Frazier |first1 = O H |last2 = Myers |first2 = T J |last3 = Jarvik |first3 = R K |last4 = Westaby |first4 = S |last5 = Pigott |first5 = D W |last6 = Gregoric |first6 = I D |last7 = Khan |first7 = T |last8 = Tamez |first8 = D W |last9 = Conger |first9 = J L |last10= Macris | first10 = M P |postscript = }}
|pmid = 352968 |last=Jarvik |first=R K |last2=Lawson |first2=J H |last3=Olsen |first3=D B |last4=Fukumasu |first4=H |publication-date=Jan 1978 |year=1978 |title=The beat goes on: status of the artificial heart, 1977. |volume=1 |issue=1 |periodical=The International journal of artificial organs |pages=21–7 |last5 = Kolff |first5 = WJ |postscript = }} External links
12 : 1946 births|American cardiologists|American inventors|Living people|People from Midland, Michigan|People from Stamford, Connecticut|Syracuse University alumni|Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni|University of Utah School of Medicine alumni|Physicians from Michigan|Physicians from Connecticut|20th-century American physicians |
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