| 词条 | Robert Moses State Park (Long Island) |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Moses State Park | photo = Robert Moses Field 4 Deserted Beach.jpg | photo_width = | photo_caption = A lifeboat on the beach at Robert Moses State Park | map = New York | map_size = | map_caption = Location of Robert Moses State Park within New York State | coords = {{coord|40.623|-73.28|type:landmark_region:US-NY|format=dms|display=title,inline}} | type = State park | location = Fire Island, New York | nearest_city = Babylon, New York | area = {{convert|875|acre|km2}}[1] | created = {{Start date|1908}} | operator = New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation | visitation_num = 3,477,086 | visitation_year = 2014 | visitation_ref = [2] | open = All year | camp_sites = | other_info = | website = Robert Moses State Park }} Robert Moses State Park - Long Island is a {{convert|875|acre|km2|adj=on}} state park in southern Suffolk County, New York.[3] The park lies on the western end of Fire Island, one of the central barrier islands off the southern coast of Long Island, and is known for its {{convert|5|mi|adj=on|spell=in}} stretch of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean. The park is accessible from Long Island by the Robert Moses Causeway across Great South Bay. Established as Fire Island State Park in 1908, the park is the oldest state park on Long Island.[4] Its current name was given to honor Robert Moses, the influential mid-20th century urban planner and former president of the Long Island State Park Commission.[5] Park descriptionRobert Moses State Park includes {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} of beach, which visitors can use for swimming, surfing, or fishing. Anglers may fish from either the beach or the piers. A day use boat basin that can accommodate up to 40 boats is also available.[6] Umbrella rentals are available at each field, and guests can also use the four bathhouses on the property. The park also contains four concession stands (one at each field), volleyball courts, first aid stations, picnic areas, and a playground at Field 5. On the west end of the park is an 18-hole pitch and putt golf course. The secluded course is set among native trees and beach vegetation.[7] It is typically open April through November and equipment rental is available. Robert Moses State Park also facilitates access to the Fire Island National Seashore, immediately east of the park. Since there is no parking at the Seashore itself, many visitors park at Field 5 in order to walk to Lighthouse Beach, the Fire Island Lighthouse and Museum,[8] or the nearby community of Kismet. In 2010, New York State officials estimated about 30% of the users of Field 5 park there to access Lighthouse Beach and the Lighthouse itself.[9] Lighthouse Beach was historically a clothing optional beach;[10] however, the National Park Service has enforced a ban on public nudity at Lighthouse Beach since 2013, citing concerns over increases in lewd behavior prior to the ban. Violators face a maximum penalty of a $5,000 fine and six months in prison.[11][12] Access and hoursThe park is accessible by automobile from the Robert Moses Causeway, which connects Fire Island with mainland Long Island. Parking is available in four separate fields. Parking fields 2, 4 and 5 have a capacity of roughly 1,000 vehicles while the capacity at Field 3 is 500. Suffolk Transit's S47 route also serves the beach seasonally connecting it with the Babylon Long Island Rail Road station on the Babylon Branch. The park is open year-round from sunrise to sunset, although hours for activities such as swimming and golfing vary by season. Portions of the park are open 24 hours a day to fishermen with the appropriate permit.[13] Starting in early April, visitors are charged a fee for parking at the park. As of 2015, vehicle fees are $8 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekends from mid-April until Memorial Day, after which a $10 fee is charged from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekends and holidays, and a $10 fee is charged on weekdays from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. After Labor Day weekend, vehicle fees are once again $8 from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. on weekends only, until mid-November when fees are no longer charged.[14] HistoryThe west end of Fire Island was part of a colonial grant to William "Tangier" Smith. In 1825 the federal government acquired the westerly tip to build a lighthouse and David Sammis bought about {{convert|120|acre|km2}} to the east in 1855 and built the Surf Hotel. In 1892, fears of a cholera epidemic spread by passengers on ships arriving in New York prompted the state to acquire the hotel property to establish a quarantine station. Irate local citizens obtained an injunction blocking the quarantine station and occupied the site despite the arrival of troops. In 1908, Governor Charles Evans Hughes signed legislation designating the former Surf Hotel property as Long Island's first state park, known then as Fire Island State Park.[4] The island and the park have grown since that time; for decades, sand has accumulated along Fire Island's western tip at a rate of {{convert|50|m|ft|order=flip}} per year, increasing the island's length by {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} since 1825. At the time of the park's establishment, the island's western tip was near where the park's water tower stands today.[15] A 1918 fire destroyed the boardwalk and the few buildings on the site. In 1924, the state established the Long Island State Park Commission headed by Robert Moses as part of a statewide park and parkway program, also run by Moses. The commission obtained from the federal government {{convert|4|mi|spell=in}} of beach west of the lighthouse that had been formed by shifting sand. In 1926 the first bathhouse was erected. After the hurricane of 1938 devastated the park, the commission decided to rebuild farther east near the lighthouse, and sand was pumped onto the beach to raise a portion of the island to a height of {{convert|18|ft}} above sea level. In 1940, the first modern bathhouse opened to the public, replacing facilities destroyed by the hurricane.[15] Ferry service was maintained from Babylon to the park until 1964 when the Robert Moses Causeway opened. The park was renamed for Moses that same year.[15] Attendance boomed, and three parking fields with bathhouses were added. Robert Moses State Park celebrated its 100th anniversary on June 27, 2008. The anniversary coincided with the completion of several improvements at the park, including a $700,000 rehabilitation of the bathhouse at Field 3. The renovation improved and expanded bathroom facilities, repaired the park's cupola and clock, and replaced a glass and metal storefront added to the building in the 1980s with a new exterior consistent with the building's original architecture. The renovations were part of $132 million in improvements for New York's state parks and historic sites enacted in 2008.[16] In 2013, a $7.7 million dredging and beach restoration project was conducted to replenish beaches damaged during Hurricane Sandy. The project used about {{convert|520000|cuyd}} of sand removed during dredging of the Captree State Park boat canal to restore beaches at Robert Moses State Park.[17] A $1.7 million project to increase energy efficiency and install a 500-kilowatt solar photovoltaic power system at the park was announced in 2015. The planned improvements aim to make Robert Moses State Park the first energy-neutral state park in the United States.[18] As of 2014, the facility attracts approximately 3.5 million visitors per year.[2] See also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dec.ny.gov/outdoor/71171.html |title=Robert Moses State Park - Long Island |publisher=NYS Department of Environmental Conservation |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 2. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://data.ny.gov/Recreation/State-Park-Annual-Attendance-Figures-by-Facility-B/8f3n-xj78 |title=State Park Annual Attendance Figures by Facility: Beginning 2003 |website=Data.ny.gov |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 3. ^{{cite GNIS|962647|Robert Moses State Park|November 20, 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/fiis/learn/historyculture/history-of-fire-island-national-seashore.htm |title=History of Fire Island National Seashore |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/01/nyregion/showcasing-the-career-of-robert-moses.html |title=Showcasing the Career of Robert Moses |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 1, 1995 |author=Paquette, Carole |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/parks/7/ |title=Robert Moses State Park - Long Island |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/golf-courses/12/details.aspx |title=Robert Moses State Park Pitch and Putt Course |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nps.gov/fiis/planyourvisit/robert-moses-state-park.htm |title=Robert Moses State Park - Fire Island National Seashore |publisher=U.S. National Park Service |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 9. ^{{cite web |title=Meeting with New York State Park Officials Sept 16, 2010 |url=http://www.travasuns.org/Travasuns/Beach_Status_2.html |publisher=Long Island Traversuns Inc. |accessdate=March 7, 2011 |quote=approximately 30%, by their estimation, of those parking in Field #5 of Robert Moses State Park are doing so in order to avail themselves of facilities on the federal property, namely the Lighthouse, and even more often the beach near it, commonly known as Lighthouse Beach}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.travasuns.org/Travasuns/Detail_Map_of_Lighthouse_Beach.html |title=Detailed Maps of Lighthouse Beach Fire Island |publisher=Long Island Travasuns Inc. |accessdate=March 2, 2011}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/28/nyregion/crackdown-on-nudity-planned-for-fire-island-beach.html?_r=0 |title=Crackdown on Nudity Planned for Fire Island Beach |newspaper=The New York Times |date=February 27, 2013 |author=Santora, Marc |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.newsday.com/long-island/towns/officials-ban-nude-sunbathing-on-fire-island-1.4717776 |title=Officials ban nude sunbathing on Fire Island |newspaper=Newsday |date=February 26, 2013 |author=Rudd, Candice |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/parks/7/hours-of-operation.aspx |title=Robert Moses State Park - Hours of Operation |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/parks/7/fees-rates.aspx |title=Robert Moses State Park - Fees and Rates |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://3dparks.wr.usgs.gov/nyc/parks/loc74.htm |title=Robert Moses State Park/Fire Island National Seashore |website=Geology of National Parks |publisher=United States Geological Survey |accessdate=November 20, 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://parks.ny.gov/newsroom/press-releases/release.aspx?r=678 |title=Press Release - Robert Moses State Park Celebrates 100th Anniversary |date=June 27, 2008 |publisher=NYS Office of Parks, Recreation & Historic Preservation |accessdate=November 21, 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=520,000 cubic yards of sand for Robert Moses park beach |url=http://www.newsday.com/long-island/suffolk/520-000-cubic-yards-of-sand-for-robert-moses-park-beach-1.4904470 |newspaper=Newsday |date=March 25, 2013 |author=Dooley, Emily C. |accessdate=March 27, 2013}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.governor.ny.gov/news/governor-cuomo-announces-robert-moses-state-park-be-first-energy-neutral-state-park-nation |title=Governor Cuomo Announces Robert Moses State Park to be First Energy-Neutral State Park in the Nation |date=April 23, 2015 |publisher=Office of the New York State Governor |accessdate=November 27, 2015}} External links{{Commons category}}
| title = Beaches of Fire Island | years = | with = | before = Kismet | after = Southernmost Point }}{{S-end}} 7 : 1908 establishments in New York (state)|Beaches of Suffolk County, New York|Fire Island, New York|Parks in Suffolk County, New York|Protected areas established in 1908|Robert Moses projects|State parks of New York (state) |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。