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词条 Robert Mueller
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. United States Marine Corps service

  3. Early career

  4. Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

  5. Return to private sector

  6. Special Counsel for the Department of Justice

  7. Personal life

  8. Military awards

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{about||similar names|Robert Muller (disambiguation)}}{{pp-move-indef}}{{pp-vandalism|small=yes}}{{short description|Sixth director of the FBI; American attorney}}{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}{{use American English|date=May 2017}}{{Infobox officeholder
| name = Robert Mueller
| image = Director Robert S. Mueller- III.jpg
| office = Special Counsel for the
United States Department of Justice
| appointer = Rod Rosenstein
| term_start = May 17, 2017
| term_end = March 22, 2019
| order1 = 6th
| office1 = Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation
| president1 = George W. Bush
Barack Obama
| deputy1 = Thomas J. Pickard
Bruce J. Gebhardt
John S. Pistole
Timothy P. Murphy
Sean M. Joyce
| term_start1 = September 4, 2001
| term_end1 = September 4, 2013
| predecessor1 = Louis Freeh
| successor1 = James Comey
| office2 = Acting United States Deputy Attorney General
| president2 = George W. Bush
| term_start2 = January 20, 2001
| term_end2 = May 10, 2001
| predecessor2 = Eric Holder
| successor2 = Larry Thompson
| office3 = United States Attorney for the Northern District of California
| president3 = Bill Clinton
George W. Bush
| term_start3 = August 1998
| term_end3 = August 2001[1]
Acting: August 1998 – October 7, 1999
| predecessor3 = Michael Yamaguchi
| successor3 = Kevin V. Ryan
| office4 = United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division
| president4 = George H. W. Bush
Bill Clinton
| term_start4 = August 1990
| term_end4 = January 1993[1]
| predecessor4 = Edward Dennis
| successor4 = Jo Ann Harris
| office5 = Acting United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
| president5 = Ronald Reagan
| term_start5 = 1986
| term_end5 = 1987
| predecessor5 = Bill Weld
| successor5 = Frank L. McNamara Jr.
| birth_name = Robert Swan Mueller III
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|8|7}}
| birth_place = New York City, New York, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = Republican[2]
| spouse = {{marriage|Ann Cabell Standish|1966}}
| children = 2
| education = Princeton University (BA)
New York University (MA)
University of Virginia (JD)
| signature = Robertmuellersignature.png
| allegiance = {{flagu|United States|1960|size=23px}}
| branch = {{Marines|United States|size=23px}}
| serviceyears = 1968–1971[3]
| rank = {{Dodseal|USMCO3|25}} Captain
| unit = H Company, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division
| commands = Platoon commander
| battles = Vietnam War
| mawards = Bronze Star (with valor)
Purple Heart Medal
Navy Commendation Medal (2) (with valor)
Combat Action Ribbon
South Vietnam Gallantry Cross
}}

Robert Swan Mueller III ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ʌ|l|ər}}; born August 7, 1944) is an American lawyer, government official, and former Marine who served as the sixth director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), from 2001 to 2013. Between 2017 and 2019, he was the Special Counsel of the investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections and related matters.

A graduate of Princeton University and New York University, Mueller served as a Marine Corps officer during the Vietnam War, receiving a Bronze Star for heroism and a Purple Heart. He subsequently attended the University of Virginia School of Law. Mueller is a registered Republican in Washington, D.C., and was appointed and reappointed to Senate-confirmed positions by presidents George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush and Barack Obama.[4][5]

He has spent the bulk of his career in government service, serving at times as an assistant United States attorney; a United States attorney; United States assistant attorney general for the Criminal Division; a homicide prosecutor in Washington, D.C.; acting United States deputy attorney general; and director of the FBI. Mueller was a partner at the D.C. law firm WilmerHale before being appointed as special counsel.

On May 17, 2017, Mueller was appointed by Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein as special counsel overseeing an investigation into allegations of Russian interference in the 2016 U.S. presidential election and related matters.[6] Mueller submitted his report to Attorney General William Barr on March 22, 2019, which officially ended the investigation on Russian influence in the 2016 United States presidential election.[7]

Early life and education

Mueller was born on August 7, 1944 at Doctors Hospital in the New York City borough of Manhattan,[8][9] the first child of Alice C. Truesdale (1920–2007) and Robert Swan Mueller, Jr. (1916–2007). He has four younger sisters: Susan, Sandra, Joan, and Patricia.[10] His father was an executive with DuPont who had served as a Navy officer in the Atlantic and Mediterranean theaters during World War II.[10] His father majored psychology in Princeton University and played varsity lacrosse, both of which he followed (see below).[10]

Mueller is of German, English and Scottish descent. His paternal great-grandfather, Gustave A. Mueller, was a prominent doctor in Pittsburgh, whose own father August C. E. Müller had immigrated to the United States in 1855 from the Province of Pomerania in the Kingdom of Prussia (a historical territory whose area included land now part of Poland and north-eastern edge of Germany).[11] On his mother's side, he is a great-grandson of the railroad executive William Truesdale.[12]

Mueller grew up in Princeton, New Jersey, where he attended Princeton Country Day School, now known as Princeton Day School. After he completed eighth grade, his family moved to Philadelphia while Mueller himself went on to attend St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, where he was captain of the soccer, hockey, and lacrosse teams and won the Gordon Medal as the school's top athlete in 1962.[13][14] A lacrosse teammate and classmate at St. Paul's School was future Massachusetts Senator and Secretary of State John Kerry.[15]

Mueller went on to study at Princeton University, where he continued to play lacrosse,[19] receiving a Bachelor of Arts in politics with a senior thesis on jurisdiction in the South West Africa cases in 1966.[16] Mueller earned a Master of Arts in international relations from New York University in 1967.

In 1968, Mueller joined the U.S. Marine Corps. After his military service, Mueller enrolled at the University of Virginia School of Law, where he served on the Virginia Law Review and graduated in 1973.[17]

United States Marine Corps service

Mueller has cited his teammate David Spencer Hackett's death in the Vietnam War as an influence on his decision to pursue military service.[18] Of his classmate, Mueller has said, "One of the reasons I went into the Marine Corps was because we lost a very good friend, a Marine in Vietnam, who was a year ahead of me at Princeton. There were a number of us who felt we should follow his example and at least go into the service. And it flows from there."[19] Hackett was a Marine Corps first lieutenant in the infantry and was killed in 1967 in Quảng Trị Province by small arms fire.[20]

After waiting a year so a knee injury could heal, Mueller was accepted for officer training in the United States Marine Corps in 1968, attending training at Parris Island, Officer Candidate School, Army Ranger School, and Army jump school. Of these, he said later that he considered Ranger School the most valuable because he felt "more than anything teaches you about how you react with no sleep and nothing to eat."[21][22]

In July 1968, he was sent to South Vietnam, where he served as a rifle platoon leader as a second lieutenant with Second Platoon, H Company, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, 3rd Marine Division.[9][23] On December 11, 1968, during an engagement in Operation Scotland II, he earned the Bronze Star with "V" device for combat valor for rescuing a wounded Marine under enemy fire during an ambush in which he saw half of his platoon become casualties.[24][25][26] In April 1969, he received an enemy gunshot wound in the thigh, recovered, and returned to lead his platoon until June 1969.[27] For his service in and during the Vietnam War, his military decorations and awards include: the Bronze Star Medal with Combat "V", Purple Heart Medal, two Navy and Marine Corps Commendation Medals with Combat "V", Combat Action Ribbon, National Defense Service Medal, Vietnam Service Medal with four service stars, Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross, Republic of Vietnam Campaign Medal, and Parachutist Badge.[9][27][22][36]

After recuperating at a field hospital near Da Hong, Mueller became aide-de-camp to 3rd Marine Division's commanding general, then-Major General William K. Jones, where he "significantly contributed to the rapport" Jones had with other officers, according to one report.[21][28] Mueller had originally considered making the Marines his career, but he explained later that he found non-combat life in the Corps to be unexciting.[22]

Reflecting on his service in the Vietnam War, Mueller said, "I consider myself exceptionally lucky to have made it out of Vietnam. There were many—many—who did not. And perhaps because I did survive Vietnam, I have always felt compelled to contribute."[29] In 2009, he told a writer that despite his other accomplishments he was still "most proud the Marine Corps deemed me worthy of leading other Marines."[22]

After returning from Vietnam, Mueller was briefly stationed at Henderson Hall, before leaving active-duty service in August 1970 [28] at the rank of captain.[28]

Early career

After receiving his Juris Doctor in 1973 from the University of Virginia School of Law, Mueller worked as a litigator at the firm Pillsbury, Madison and Sutro in San Francisco until 1976. He then served for 12 years in United States Attorney offices. He first worked in the office of the U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California in San Francisco,[21] where he rose to be chief of the criminal division, and in 1982, he moved to Boston to work in the office of the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Massachusetts as an Assistant United States Attorney,[9] where he investigated and prosecuted major financial fraud, terrorism and public corruption cases, as well as narcotics conspiracies and international money launderers.[30]

After serving as a partner at the Boston law firm of Hill and Barlow, Mueller returned to government service. In 1989, he served in the United States Department of Justice as an assistant to Attorney General Dick Thornburgh and as acting Deputy Attorney General. James Baker, with whom he worked on national security matters, said he had "an appreciation for the Constitution and the rule of law".[31]{{rp|33–34}}

In 1990 he became the United States Assistant Attorney General in charge of the United States Department of Justice Criminal Division.[21] During his tenure, he oversaw prosecutions including that of Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega, the Pan Am Flight 103 (Lockerbie bombing) case, and of the Gambino crime family boss John Gotti.[32]

In 1991, he declared the government had been investigating the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) since 1986 in more-than-usual media exposure.[33] Also in 1991, he was elected a fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers.[9]

In 1993, Mueller became a partner at Boston's Hale and Dorr, specializing in white-collar crime litigation.[21] He returned to public service in 1995 as senior litigator in the homicide section of the District of Columbia United States Attorney's Office. In 1998, Mueller was named U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of California and held that position until 2001.[9]

Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation

President George W. Bush nominated Mueller for the position of FBI director on July 5, 2001.[34] He and two other candidates, Washington lawyer George J. Terwilliger III and veteran Chicago prosecutor and white-collar crime defense lawyer Dan Webb, were up for the job, but Mueller, described at the time as a conservative Republican,[35][36] was always considered the front-runner.[37] Terwilliger and Webb both pulled out from consideration around mid-June, while confirmation hearings for Mueller before the Senate Judiciary Committee were quickly set for July 30, only three days before his prostate cancer surgery.[38][39]

The Senate unanimously confirmed Mueller as FBI director on August 2, 2001, voting 98–0 in favor of his appointment.[40] He had previously served as acting deputy attorney general of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) for several months before officially becoming the FBI director on September 4, 2001, just one week before the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon.[9]

On February 11, 2003, one month before the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, Mueller gave testimony to the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence. Mueller informed the American public that "[s]even countries designated as state sponsors of terrorism—Iran, Iraq, Syria, Sudan, Libya, Cuba, and North Korea—remain active in the United States and continue to support terrorist groups that have targeted Americans. As Director Tenet has pointed out, Secretary Powell presented evidence last week that Baghdad has failed to disarm its weapons of mass destruction, willfully attempting to evade and deceive the international community. Our particular concern is that Saddam Hussein may supply terrorists with biological, chemical or radiological material."[41][42] Highlighting this worry in February 2003, FBI Special Agent Coleen Rowley wrote an open letter to Mueller in which she warned that "the bureau will [not] be able to stem the flood of terrorism that will likely head our way in the wake of an attack on Iraq"[43][44] and encouraged Mueller to "share [her concerns] with the President and Attorney General."[44]

On March 10, 2004, while United States Attorney General John Ashcroft was at the George Washington University Hospital for gallbladder surgery,[45] James Comey, the then deputy attorney general, received a call from Ashcroft's wife informing him that White House Chief of Staff Andrew Card and White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales were about to visit Ashcroft to convince him to renew a program of warrantless wiretapping under the Terrorist Surveillance Program which the DOJ ruled unconstitutional.[45] Ashcroft refused to sign, as he had previously agreed, but the following day the White House renewed the program anyway.[45] Mueller and Comey then threatened to resign.[46] On March 12, 2004, after private, individual meetings with Mueller and Comey at the White House, the president supported changing the program to satisfy the concerns of Mueller, Ashcroft, and Comey.[31]{{rp|289–290}}[46]

He was inducted into the Ranger Hall of Fame in 2004.[28][47]

As director, Mueller also barred FBI personnel from participating in enhanced interrogations with the CIA.[48][49] At a dinner, Mueller defended an attorney (Thomas Wilner) who had been attacked for his role in defending Kuwaiti detainees. Mueller stood up, raised his glass, and said, "I toast Tom Wilner. He's doing what an American should." However, the White House pushed back, encouraging more vigorous methods of pursuing and interrogating terror suspects. When Bush confronted Mueller to ask him to round up more terrorists in the U.S., Mueller responded, saying, "If they [suspects] don't commit a crime, it would be difficult to identify and isolate" them. Vice President Dick Cheney objected, by saying, "That's just not good enough. We're hearing this too much from the FBI."[31]{{rp|157, 205, 270}}

In May 2011, President Barack Obama asked Mueller to continue at the helm of the FBI for two additional years beyond his normal 10-year term, which would have expired on September 4, 2011.[50] The Senate approved this request 100–0 on July 27, 2011.[51][52] On September 4, 2013, Mueller was replaced by James Comey.[53]

In June 2013, Mueller defended NSA surveillance programs in testimony before a House Judiciary Committee hearing.[54] He said that surveillance programs could have "derailed" the September 11 attacks.[55][56] Congressman John Conyers disagreed: "I am not persuaded that that makes it OK to collect every call."[56] Mueller also testified that the government's surveillance programs complied "in full with U.S. law and with basic rights guaranteed under the Constitution".[57] He said that "We are taking all necessary steps to hold Edward Snowden responsible for these disclosures."[58]

On June 19, 2017, in the case of Arar v. Ashcroft, Mueller, along with Ashcroft and former Immigration and Naturalization Services Commissioner James W. Ziglar and others, was shielded from civil liability by the Supreme Court for post-9/11 detention of Muslims under policies then brought into place.[59]

Return to private sector

After leaving the FBI in 2013, Mueller served a one-year term as consulting professor and the Arthur and Frank Payne distinguished lecturer at Stanford University, where he focused on issues related to cybersecurity.[60]

In addition to his speaking and teaching roles, Mueller also joined the law firm WilmerHale as a partner in its Washington office in 2014.[61] Among other roles at the firm, he oversaw the independent investigation into the NFL's conduct surrounding the video that appeared to show NFL player Ray Rice assaulting his fiancée.[62] In January 2016, he was appointed as Settlement Master in the U.S. consumer litigation over the Volkswagen emissions scandal; as of May 11, 2017, the scandal has resulted in $11.2 billion in customer settlements.[63]

On October 19, 2016, Mueller began an external review of "security, personnel, and management processes and practices" at government contractor Booz Allen Hamilton after Harold T. Martin III was indicted for massive data theft from the National Security Agency.[64] On April 6, 2017, he was appointed as Special Master for disbursement of $850 million and $125 million for automakers and consumers, respectively, affected by rupture-prone Takata airbags.[65]

Mueller received the 2016 Thayer Award for public service from the United States Military Academy.[66] In June 2017, he received the Baker Award for intelligence and national security contributions from the nonprofit Intelligence and National Security Alliance.[67]

Special Counsel for the Department of Justice

{{main|Special Counsel investigation (2017–2019)}}{{further|Dismissal of James Comey|Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections}}

On May 16, 2017, Mueller interviewed with Trump to again serve as the Director of the FBI but was not hired.[68] The next day, Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed Mueller to serve as special counsel for the United States Department of Justice. In this capacity, Mueller oversaw the investigation into "any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump, and any matters that arose or may arise directly from the investigation".[69]

Mueller's appointment to oversee the investigation immediately garnered widespread support from both Democrats and Republicans in Congress.[70][71] Newt Gingrich, former Republican Speaker of the House of Representatives and prominent conservative political commentator, stated via Twitter that "Robert Mueller is a superb choice to be special counsel. His reputation is impeccable for honesty and integrity."[72] Senator Charles Schumer (D-NY) said, "Former Director Mueller is exactly the right kind of individual for this job. I now have significantly greater confidence that the investigation will follow the facts wherever they lead." Senator Rob Portman (R-OH) stated, "former FBI dir. Mueller is well qualified to oversee this probe".[70] Some, however, pointed out an alleged conflict of interest. "The federal code could not be clearer—Mueller is compromised by his apparent conflict of interest in being close with James Comey," Rep. Trent Franks (R-AZ), who first called for Mueller to step down over the summer, said in a statement to Fox News. "The appearance of a conflict is enough to put Mueller in violation of the code. … All of the revelations in recent weeks make the case stronger."[73]

Upon his appointment as special counsel, Mueller and two colleagues (former FBI agent Aaron Zebley[74] and former assistant special prosecutor on the Watergate Special Prosecution Force James L. Quarles III) resigned from WilmerHale.[75] On May 23, 2017, the U.S. Department of Justice ethics experts announced they had declared Mueller ethically able to function as special counsel.[76] The spokesperson for the special counsel, Peter Carr, told NBC News that Mueller has taken an active role in managing the inquiry.[77] In an interview with the Associated Press, Rosenstein said he would recuse himself from supervision of Mueller if he were to become a subject in the investigation due to his role in the dismissal of James Comey.[78]

On June 14, 2017, the Washington Post reported that Mueller's office is also investigating Trump personally for possible obstruction of justice, in reference to the Russian probe.[79] The report was questioned by Trump's legal team attorney Jay Sekulow, who said on June 18 on NBC's Meet the Press, "The President is not and has not been under investigation for obstruction, period."[80] Due to the central role of the Trump family in the campaign, the transition, and the White House, the President's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, was also reportedly under scrutiny by Mueller.[81] Also in June, Trump allegedly ordered the firing of Robert Mueller, but backed down when then-White House Counsel Don McGahn threatened to quit.[82]

During a discussion about national security at the Aspen security conference on July 21, 2017, former CIA director John Brennan reaffirmed his support for Mueller and called for members of Congress to resist if Trump fires Mueller. He also said it was "the obligation of some executive-branch officials to refuse to carry out some of these orders that, again, are inconsistent with what this country is all about".[83] After Peter Strzok, an investigator for Mueller, was removed from the investigation for alleged partiality, Senator Mark Warner, the Ranking Member of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence in a speech on December 20, 2017, before the Senate warned of a constitutional crisis if the President fired Mueller.[84] On June 22, 2018, Warner hosted a fundraising party for 100 guests and was quoted there saying, "If you get me one more glass of wine, I'll tell you stuff only Bob Mueller and I know. If you think you've seen wild stuff so far, buckle up. It's going to be a wild couple of months."[85]

On October 30, 2017, Mueller filed charges against former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort and campaign co-chairman Rick Gates. The 12 charges include conspiracy to launder money, violations of the 1938 Foreign Agents Registration Act (FARA) as being an unregistered agent of a foreign principal, false and misleading FARA statements, and conspiracy against the United States.[86]

On December 1, 2017, Mueller reached a plea agreement with former national security adviser Michael T. Flynn, who pleaded guilty to giving false testimony to the FBI about his contacts with Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak.[87] As part of Flynn's negotiations, his son, Michael G. Flynn, was not expected to be charged, and Flynn was prepared to testify that high-level officials on Trump's team directed him to make contact with the Russians.[88][89][90] On February 16, 2018, Mueller indicted 13 Russian individuals and 3 Russian companies for attempting to trick Americans into consuming Russian propaganda that targeted Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton[91] and later President-elect Donald Trump.[92]

On February 20, 2018, Mueller charged attorney Alex van der Zwaan with making false statements in the Russia probe.[93][94][95]

On May 20, 2018, Trump criticized Mueller, tweeting "the World's most expensive Witch Hunt has found nothing on Russia & me so now they are looking at the rest of the World!"[96] Mueller started investigating the August 2016 meeting between Donald Trump Jr. and an emissary for the crown princes of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. The emissary offered help to the Trump presidential campaign.[97][96] Mueller is also investigating the Trump campaign's possible ties to Turkey, Qatar, Israel, and China.[98]

On December 18, 2018, the Washington Post published an article concerning a report prepared for the U.S. Senate which stated that Russian disinformation teams had targeted Mueller.[99]

On March 22, 2019, Mueller concluded his investigation and submitted the Special Counsel's final report to Attorney General William Barr.[100] A senior Department of Justice official said that the report did not recommend any new indictments.[7] On March 24, Attorney General Barr submitted a summary of findings to the United States Congress. He stated in his letter, "The Special Counsel's investigation did not find that the Trump campaign or anyone associated with it conspired or coordinated with Russian in its efforts to influence the 2016 U.S. presidential election." Mueller's report also reportedly did not take a stance on whether or not Trump committed obstruction of justice; Barr quoted Mueller as saying "while this report does not conclude that the President committed a crime, it also does not exonerate him."[101]

Personal life

Mueller met his future wife, Ann Cabell Standish, at a high school party when they were 17.[102] Standish attended Miss Porter's School in Farmington, Connecticut, and Sarah Lawrence College, before working as a special-education teacher for children with learning disabilities.[103] In September 1966, they married at St. Stephen's Episcopal Church in Sewickley, Pennsylvania.[104][105] They have two daughters and three grandchildren.[106] One of their daughters was born with spina bifida.[107]

In 2001, Mueller's Senate confirmation hearings to head the FBI were delayed several months while he underwent treatment for prostate cancer.[108] He was diagnosed in the fall of 2000, postponing being sworn in as FBI director until he received a good prognosis from his physician.[109]

Although raised Presbyterian, he became an Episcopalian later in life.[110]

Mueller and Bill Barr—the attorney general who supervised the late stage of Mueller's special counsel investigation—have known each other since the 1980s and have been described as good friends. Mueller attended the weddings of two of Barr's daughters, and their wives attend Bible study together.[111]

Military awards

Mueller received the following military awards and decorations:[112]

ribbon=Bronze Star Medal ribbon with "V" device, 1st award.svg|width=106}}
ribbon=Purple Heart ribbon.svg|width=106}}number=1|type=award-star|other_device=nv|ribbon=Navy and Marine Corps Commendation ribbon.svg|width=103}}ribbon=Combat Action Ribbon.svg|width=106}}
ribbon=Navy Meritorious Unit Commendation ribbon.svg|width=106}}ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}number=4|type=service-star|ribbon=Vietnam Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
number=0|type=oak|ribbon=Vietnamese Gallantry Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}ribbon=Civil Actions Medal(Individual Award).png|width=106}}ribbon=Vietnam Campaign Medal ribbon with 60- clasp.svg|width=106}}
Bronze Star w/Combat V
Purple Heart MedalNavy and Marine Corps Commendation Medal w/ Combat V and gold starCombat Action Ribbon
Navy Meritorious Unit CommendationNational Defense Service MedalVietnam Service Medal w/ 4 bronze campaign stars
Republic of Vietnam Gallantry Cross w/ bronze starRepublic of Vietnam Civil Action MedalVietnam Campaign Medal
Marksmanship badge for rifleExpert marksmanship badge for pistol
Ranger tabU.S Military basic Parachutist badge

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |title=Robert S. Mueller Biography |url=https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/gov/biograph/mueller.htm |website=U.S. Embassy & Consulates in Germany |accessdate=28 March 2019}}
2. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/07/30/fbi-nominee-lauded-for-tenacity/e2012e09-379e-479f-8bd3-8c2aef36152a/ |title=FBI Nominee Lauded for Tenacity |work=The Washington Post |first=Peter |last=Slevin |first2=Dan |last2=Eggen |date=July 30, 2001 |archive-date=February 24, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224010945/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/07/30/fbi-nominee-lauded-for-tenacity/e2012e09-379e-479f-8bd3-8c2aef36152a/?utm_term=.713528f8d0a4}}
3. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.fbi.gov/history/directors/robert-s-mueller-iii |title=Robert S. Mueller, III, September 4, 2001 – September 4, 2013 |work=Federal Bureau of Investigation |quote=After college, he joined the United States Marine Corps, where he served as an officer for three years, leading a rifle platoon of the Third Marine Division in Vietnam. |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.justice.gov/criminal/history/assistant-attorneys-general/robert-s-mueller|title=Robert S. Mueller III (1990–1993)|date=August 10, 2016|publisher=United States Department of Justice|accessdate=December 6, 2018}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/2018/02/01/582358540/muellers-reputation-in-washington-is-stunningly-bipartisan-journalist-says|title=Mueller's Reputation In Washington Is 'Stunningly Bipartisan,' Journalist Says|last=Gross|first=Terry|date=February 1, 2018|accessdate=December 6, 2018|publisher=NPR}}
6. ^{{Cite news |title=Robert Mueller, Former F.B.I. Director, Is Named Special Counsel for Russia Investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/17/us/politics/robert-mueller-special-counsel-russia-investigation.html |last=Ruiz |first=Rebecca R. |last2=Landler |first2=Mark |date=May 17, 2017 |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=December 3, 2017 |issn=0362-4331 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517231201/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/17/us/politics/robert-mueller-special-counsel-russia-investigation.html |archivedate=May 17, 2017}}
7. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/special-counsel-robert-muellers-highly-anticipated-report-handed/story?id=61147281 |title=Mueller report handed off to Department of Justice; won't recommend any further indictments, a senior official says |last=Levine |first=Mike |date=March 22, 2019 |publisher=ABC News |access-date=March 22, 2019}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Son Born to Robert S. Muellers |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1944/08/08/86727899.html?pageNumber=15|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=August 8, 1944}}
9. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Holst |chapter=Mueller, Robert S. (August 7, 1944–) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=91FyAJDjAvQC&pg=PA528 |title=Spies, Wiretaps, and Secret Operations: An Encyclopedia of American Espionage |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928081217/https://books.google.com/books?id=91FyAJDjAvQC&pg=PA528 |archivedate=September 28, 2018 |isbn=978-1851098071 |volume=1: A–J |editor-first=Glenn P. |editor-last=Hastedt |publisher=ABC-CLIO |date=December 9, 2010 |page=528 }}
10. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Robert Swan Mueller Jr. '38 |url=https://paw.princeton.edu/memorial/robert-swan-mueller-jr-%E2%80%9938 |accessdate=June 24, 2017 |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly |date=April 23, 2008 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620022145/https://paw.princeton.edu/memorial/robert-swan-mueller-jr-%E2%80%9938 |archivedate=June 20, 2017}}
11. ^Memoirs of Allegheny County Pennsylvania, Madison, Northwestern Historical Association, 1904, vol. 1, pp. 256–57.
12. ^{{cite news |title=Alice Truesdale Will Be Married: Graduate of Miss Hall's School Is Fiancée of Lieut. Robert S. Mueller Jr. of Navy |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1943/06/28/85075479.html|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=June 28, 1943}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.towntopics.com/wordpress/2017/05/24/princeton-day-school-presents-alumni-award-to-robert-s-mueller-iii/ |title=Princeton Day School Presents Alumni Award To Robert S. Mueller III |date=May 24, 2017 |work=Town Topics |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606145810/http://www.towntopics.com/wordpress/2017/05/24/princeton-day-school-presents-alumni-award-to-robert-s-mueller-iii/ |archive-date=June 6, 2017 }}
14. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.sps.edu/page/news-detail?pk=437273 |title=FBI Director Mueller '62 Returns to Concord|date=May 28, 2008|publisher=St. Paul's School|accessdate=May 17, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210070145/https://www.sps.edu/page/news-detail?pk=437273|archivedate=February 10, 2018}}
15. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/mueller-and-trump-born-to-wealth-raised-to-lead-then-sharply-different-choices/2018/02/22/ad50b7bc-0a99-11e8-8b0d-891602206fb7_story.html |title=Mueller and Trump: Born to wealth, raised to lead. Then, sharply different choices. |last=Fisher |first=Marc |date=February 23, 2018 |work=The Washington Post |access-date=May 11, 2018 |last2=Horwitz |first2=Sari |issn=0190-8286}}
16. ^1 {{Cite news|url=http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01pk02cc53v|title=Mudd Manuscript Library Thesis Database|publisher=Princeton University|accessdate=November 1, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210070145/http://dataspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01pk02cc53v|archivedate=February 10, 2018}}
17. ^{{Cite news |url=https://content.law.virginia.edu/news/2013_spr/mueller_jefferson_medal.htm |title=FBI Director Robert Mueller to Receive Thomas Jefferson Foundation Medal in Law|date=March 4, 2013|publisher=University of Virginia School of Law|accessdate=May 17, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031095549/https://content.law.virginia.edu/news/2013_spr/mueller_jefferson_medal.htm|archivedate=October 31, 2017}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/award-winners-mueller-66-and-jackson-86-highlight-alumni-day|title=Award winners Mueller '66 and Jackson '86 highlight Alumni Day|date=January 21, 2016 |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly|accessdate=May 17, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171030151113/https://paw.princeton.edu/article/award-winners-mueller-66-and-jackson-86-highlight-alumni-day|archivedate=October 30, 2017}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/f02/mueller.htm |title=Robert S. Mueller III '73 On the Front Lines Again |publisher=University of Virginia School of Law |accessdate=January 8, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160802135133/http://www.law.virginia.edu/html/alumni/uvalawyer/f02/mueller.htm |archivedate=August 2, 2016}}
20. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ChlbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA65-IA35&dq=Spencer+Hackett+1967+vietnam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUpoCXobvUAhVk6IMKHdtSA2AQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Spencer%20Hackett%201967%20vietnam&f=false |page=16 |title=David Spencer Hackett '65 |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly |date=July 4, 1967 |volume=67 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210070145/https://books.google.com/books?id=ChlbAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA65-IA35&dq=Spencer+Hackett+1967+vietnam&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjUpoCXobvUAhVk6IMKHdtSA2AQ6AEIJzAA#v=onepage&q=Spencer%20Hackett%201967%20vietnam&f=false |archivedate=February 10, 2018}}
21. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news |url=http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,166567,00.html|title=Robert Mueller: Straight Shooter With a Moving Target |last=Shannon|first=Elaine|date=July 6, 2001|work=Time|accessdate=May 17, 2017|issn=0040-781X|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170520192929/http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,166567,00.html|archivedate=May 20, 2017}}
22. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |title=The Untold Story of Robert Mueller's Time in Combat |work=Wired |first=Garrett M. |last=Graff |date=May 15, 2018 |url=https://www.wired.com/story/robert-mueller-vietnam/ |archive-url=https://archive.today/20180516133659/https://www.wired.com/story/robert-mueller-vietnam/ |archive-date=May 16, 2018}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/21/magnificent-bastard-is-investigating-russian-meddling-in-us.html |title=A 'Magnificent Bastard' Is Investigating Russian Meddling in the US |work=Military.com |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709114536/http://www.military.com/daily-news/2017/05/21/magnificent-bastard-is-investigating-russian-meddling-in-us.html |archivedate=July 9, 2017 |date=May 21, 2017 |accessdate=June 18, 2017 }}
24. ^{{cite magazine |volume=102 |first=Tom |last=Nugent |work=Princeton Alumni Weekly |url=https://paw.princeton.edu/article/paw-archives-defense |title=From the PAW Archives: For the Defense |date=November 21, 2001 |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
25. ^{{cite book |quote=With complete disregard for his own safety, he then skillfully supervised the evacuation of casualties from the hazardous area and, on one occasion, personally led a fire team across the fire-swept area terrain to recover a mortally wounded Marine who had fallen in a position forward of the friendly lines. |title=The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror |first=Garrett |last=Graff |isbn=978-0316068604 }}{{page needed|date=March 2018}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Robert Mueller's military career, detailed in documents, was brief but remarkable |work=The Washington Post |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2018/02/23/robert-muellers-military-career-detailed-in-documents-was-brief-but-remarkable/ |date=February 23, 2018 |accessdate=April 12, 2018}}
27. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://taskandpurpose.com/robert-mueller-marine-vietnam-leadership/ |title=Robert Mueller Has A Decorated Combat Record As A Marine Who Fought In Vietnam |work=Task & Purpose |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170519071141/http://taskandpurpose.com/robert-mueller-marine-vietnam-leadership/ |archivedate=May 19, 2017 |accessdate=June 18, 2017 |first=Jared |last=Keller |date=May 18, 2017 |deadurl=no}}
28. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2018/02/23/robert-muellers-military-career-detailed-in-documents-was-brief-but-remarkable/ |title=Robert Mueller's military career, detailed in documents, was brief but remarkable |first=Dan |last=Lamothe |date=February 23, 2018 |work=The Washington Post |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180224004849/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2018/02/23/robert-muellers-military-career-detailed-in-documents-was-brief-but-remarkable/?utm_term=.b669370223cf |archive-date=February 24, 2018}}
29. ^The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror: "The time in Vietnam was intensely formative for Mueller, forging his leadership skills literally under fire."{{page needed|date=March 2018}}
30. ^{{cite news |last=Boss |first=Owen |url=http://www.bostonherald.com/news/local_coverage/2017/05/robert_mueller_made_mark_during_boston_tenure |title=Robert Mueller made mark during Boston tenure |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029012937/http://www.bostonherald.com/news/local_coverage/2017/05/robert_mueller_made_mark_during_boston_tenure |archivedate=October 29, 2017 |work=Boston Herald |date=May 18, 2017 |deadurl=no |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
31. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Mayer|first=Jane|title=The Dark Side |location=New York |publisher=Anchor Books|date=May 2009|isbn=978-0-307-45629-8}}
32. ^{{cite news| last=Blum |first=Howard| date=December 2017| title = How scared should Trump be of Mueller? Ask John Gotti or Sammy the Bull | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/12/how-scared-should-trump-be-of-mueller-ask-john-gotti-or-sammy-the-bull | work=Vanity Fair}}
33. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/07/28/bcci-scandal-behind-the-bank-of-crooks-and-criminals/563f2216-1180-4094-a13d-fd4955d59435/ |title=BCCI SCANDAL: BEHIND THE 'BANK OF CROOKS AND CRIMINALS' |date=July 28, 1991 |work=The Washington Post |first1=Steven |last1=Mufson |first2=Jim |last2=McGee |quote=Last week Assistant Attorney General Robert Mueller, the head of the department's criminal division, undertook an unusual media blitz to declare that the federal government had been investigating BCCI since 1986 when a federal money-laundering prosecution ensnared BCCI.}}
34. ^{{cite web|date=July 5, 2001 |url=https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010705-2.html|title=Remarks by the President in Nominating Robert S. Mueller as Director of the FBI|publisher=The White House|accessdate=September 28, 2007|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111027104030/http://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/07/20010705-2.html|archivedate=October 27, 2011}}
35. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2001-07-06-0107060190-story,amp.html |title=Outsider named to lead FBI |last=Bendavid |first=Naftali |date=July 6, 2001 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |access-date=November 26, 2018}}
36. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2001/LAW/07/05/mueller.profile/ |title=Mueller described as low-key, no-nonsense manager |last=Arena |first=Kelli |date=July 5, 2001 |publisher=CNN |access-date=November 26, 2018}}
37. ^{{cite web|date=June 6, 2001 |url=http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/7/5/150910.shtml|title=Bush Names Mueller FBI Director |publisher=United Press |accessdate=June 10, 2006 |archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130129224830/http://archive.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2001/7/5/150910.shtml|archivedate=January 29, 2013|deadurl=yes}}
38. ^{{cite news|date=June 18, 2001 |url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/07/18/fbi.mueller |title=Senate hearing set July 30 for FBI choice Mueller |publisher=CNN|accessdate=June 10, 2006|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060523185711/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/07/18/fbi.mueller/|archivedate=May 23, 2006}}
39. ^{{cite news|date=June 13, 2001|url=http://archives.cnn.com/2001/LAW/07/13/fbidirector.cancer/index.html|title=FBI director-designate has prostate cancer|publisher=CNN|accessdate=June 10, 2006|deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071227215652/http://archives.cnn.com/2001/LAW/07/13/fbidirector.cancer/index.html|archivedate=December 27, 2007}}
40. ^{{cite web |date=August 2, 2001|url=https://fas.org/irp/congress/2001_cr/s080201.html|title=Robert S. Mueller, III, to be Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|format=Plain Text|publisher=United States Senate|accessdate=June 10, 2006|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060602005256/http://www.fas.org/irp/congress/2001_cr/s080201.html|archivedate=June 2, 2006}}
41. ^{{cite news |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/02/11/transcripts.mueller/ |title=Mueller: 'Enemy is far from defeated' |publisher=CNN |date=February 11, 2003 |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
42. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/11/politics/full-text-words-of-cia-and-fbi-chiefs.html |title=Full Text: Words of C.I.A. and F.B.I. Chiefs |work=The New York Times |date=February 11, 2003 |accessdate=September 28, 2018 }}
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49. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/convictions/2008/05/20/doj_absolves_fbi_on_torture.html |title=DoJ Absolves FBI on Torture |date=May 20, 2008 |first=Phillip |last=Carter |work=Slate |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
50. ^{{cite news|date=May 12, 2011 |url=http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/12/obama.mueller/index.html?hpt=T1|title=FBI Director to stay in post for another 2 years |publisher=CNN |accessdate=May 12, 2011|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121109222600/http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/12/obama.mueller/index.html|archivedate=November 9, 2012}}
51. ^{{cite news|date=July 27, 2011 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/us/28brfs-SENATEEXTEND_BRF.html?_r=1&ref=robertsiiimueller|title=Senate Extends Term of F.B.I. Director|work=The New York Times|accessdate=September 13, 2011|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120129044716/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/28/us/28brfs-SENATEEXTEND_BRF.html?_r=1&ref=robertsiiimueller|archivedate=January 29, 2012}}
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54. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.politico.com/story/2013/06/nsa-phone-records-robert-mueller-terrorism-092722 |title=Mueller: NSA plan derails terrorism |date=June 13, 2013 |work=Politico |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
55. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/13/fbi-director-mueller-senate-nsa-live |title=NSA to release more information on surveillance programs – as it happened |work=The Guardian |date=June 13, 2013 |first=Tom |last=McCarthy }}
56. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Politics/2013/0613/Secret-NSA-program-could-have-derailed-9-11-attacks-FBI-director-says |title=Secret NSA program could have 'derailed' 9/11 attacks, FBI director says |work=The Christian Science Monitor |date=June 13, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2018 |first=Anna |last=Mulrine }}
57. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2013/06/13/fbi-director-to-undergo-questioning-by-house-panel.html |title=FBI director in the dark about IRS probe, defends surveillance programs |publisher=Fox News |date=June 13, 2013 |accessdate=August 10, 2018 }}
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59. ^{{cite web|last1=Liptak|first1=Adam|title=Supreme Court Rules for Bush Officials in Post-9/11 Suit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/19/us/politics/supreme-court-9-11-bush-ashcroft-mueller.html|work=The New York Times |accessdate=June 19, 2017|date=June 19, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170619200534/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/19/us/politics/supreme-court-9-11-bush-ashcroft-mueller.html|archivedate=June 19, 2017}}
60. ^{{cite press release |last=Gorlick |first=Adam|date=November 5, 2013|title=Former FBI director to bolster security research at Stanford. |url=http://fsi.stanford.edu/news/former_fbi_director_to_bolster_security_research_at_stanford_20131105|location=Stanford, California|publisher=Stanford University|accessdate=April 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513043037/http://fsi.stanford.edu/news/former_fbi_director_to_bolster_security_research_at_stanford_20131105|archivedate=May 13, 2016}}
61. ^{{cite press release|author=Staff|title=Former Director of the FBI Robert Mueller III Joins WilmerHale|url=https://www.wilmerhale.com/pages/publicationsandnewsdetail.aspx?NewsPubID=17179871803|publisher=Wilmer Hale|date=March 24, 2014|accessdate=April 22, 2016 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815112538/https://www.wilmerhale.com/pages/publicationsandnewsdetail.aspx?NewsPubID=17179871803|archivedate=August 15, 2016}}
62. ^{{cite web |url=http://static.nfl.com/static/content/public/photo/2015/01/08/0ap3000000455484.pdf|title=Report to the National Football League of an Independent Investigation into the Ray Rice Incident|work=WilmerHale|publisher=National Football League|date=January 8, 2015 |first=Robert|last=Mueller}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-vw-cheating-settlement-20170511-story.html|title=VW's emissions-cheating settlement for 3-liter vehicles gets judge's approval|date=May 11, 2017|work=Los Angeles Times|agency=Associated Press |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518120033/http://www.latimes.com/business/autos/la-fi-hy-vw-cheating-settlement-20170511-story.html|archivedate=May 18, 2017}}
64. ^{{cite web|url=http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/303202-booz-allen-conducting-external-review-after-employee-arrest-for-taking|work=The Hill|last=Uchill|first=Joe|title=Booz Allen announces external review following stolen documents by contractor|date=October 27, 2016|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161031233425/http://thehill.com/policy/cybersecurity/303202-booz-allen-conducting-external-review-after-employee-arrest-for-taking|archivedate=October 31, 2016}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-fbi-director-robert-mueller-to-oversee-takata-compensation-funds-1491511757|work=The Wall Street Journal|last=Spector|first=Mike|date=April 6, 2017|title=Former FBI Director Robert Mueller to Oversee Takata Compensation Funds|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518074811/https://www.wsj.com/articles/former-fbi-director-robert-mueller-to-oversee-takata-compensation-funds-1491511757|archivedate=May 18, 2017}}
66. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.westpointaog.org/thayer-award-robert-mueller|title=Robert S. Mueller III Receives 2016 Thayer Award |publisher=West Point Association of Graduates|year=2016|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804055834/https://www.westpointaog.org/thayer-award-robert-mueller|archivedate=August 4, 2017}}
67. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.insaonline.org/robert-mueller-to-receive-2017-william-oliver-baker-award|publisher=Intelligence and National Security Alliance|title=Robert Mueller to Receive 2017 William Oliver Baker Award|date=February 28, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804180352/https://www.insaonline.org/robert-mueller-to-receive-2017-william-oliver-baker-award/|archivedate=August 4, 2017}}
68. ^{{cite web |last1=Merica|first1=Dan|title=Trump interviewed Mueller for FBI job day before named Special Counsel |url=https://www.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/trump-robert-mueller-fbi-director-interview/index.html|publisher=CNN|accessdate=June 13, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170613213802/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/13/politics/trump-robert-mueller-fbi-director-interview/index.html|archivedate=June 13, 2017}}
69. ^{{cite web|last1=Rosenstein|first1=Rod |title=Rod Rosenstein's Letter Appointing Mueller Special Counsel |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=May 18, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518015032/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/05/17/us/politics/document-Robert-Mueller-Special-Counsel-Russia.html|archivedate=May 18, 2017}}
70. ^1 {{Cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/17/rare-bipartisan-moment-both-sides-embrace-robert-mueller-special-counsel/101810310|title=Rare bipartisan moment: Both sides embrace Robert Mueller as special counsel |work=USA Today|access-date=May 18, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518053701/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/05/17/rare-bipartisan-moment-both-sides-embrace-robert-mueller-special-counsel/101810310/|archivedate=May 18, 2017}}
71. ^{{Cite news |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/mueller-pick-achieves-a-rare-bipartisan-consensus/527133/|title=Mueller Pick Meets a Rare Bipartisan Consensus|last=Berman|first=Russell|work=The Atlantic|accessdate=May 18, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518040023/https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/05/mueller-pick-achieves-a-rare-bipartisan-consensus/527133/|archivedate=May 18, 2017}}
72. ^{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/newtgingrich/status/864998445244743684?lang=en|title=@newtgingrich (17 May 2017 @ 5:17pm)|last=Gingrich|first=Newt|date=May 17, 2017|publisher=Twitter|accessdate=March 12, 2018|quote=Robert Mueller is superb choice to be special counsel. His reputation is impeccable for honesty and integrity. Media should now calm down}}{{Primary source inline|date=July 2018}}
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/27/mueller-facing-new-republican-pressure-to-resign-in-russia-probe.html |last1=Franks|first1=Trent|title=Mueller Facing New Republican Pressure to Resign in Russian Probe|publisher=Fox News Channel |accessdate=October 27, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171027222357/http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/10/27/mueller-facing-new-republican-pressure-to-resign-in-russia-probe.html |archivedate=October 27, 2017}}
74. ^{{cite news |url= https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/05/as-mueller-grows-his-russia-special-counsel-team-every-hire-is-under-scrutiny/ |title=As Mueller builds his Russia special-counsel team, every hire is under scrutiny |first=Matt |last=Zapotosky |work=The Washington Post|date=July 5, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170705174602/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2017/07/05/as-mueller-grows-his-russia-special-counsel-team-every-hire-is-under-scrutiny/ |archivedate=July 5, 2017 }}
75. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe|title=Former FBI Director Mueller Appointed As Special Counsel To Oversee Russia Probe|last2=Johnson|first2=Carrie |date=May 17, 2017|publisher=NPR|last1=Taylor|first1=Jessica|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517230813/http://www.npr.org/2017/05/17/528846598/former-fbi-director-mueller-appointed-special-counsel-to-oversee-russia-probe |archivedate=May 17, 2017}}
76. ^{{cite news|work=The New York Times|date=May 23, 2017|title=Ethics experts clear special counsel in Russia investigation |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/politics/congress-testimony-john-brennan-russia-budget.html|first=Charlie|last=Savage|authorlink=Charlie Savage|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170523211224/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/politics/congress-testimony-john-brennan-russia-budget.html|archivedate=May 23, 2017}}
77. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/special-counsel-robert-mueller-taking-close-control-russia-investigation-n767856|publisher=NBC News|title=Special Counsel Robert Mueller Taking Close Control of Russia Investigation|first=Pete|last=Williams|date=June 2, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170610073030/http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/special-counsel-robert-mueller-taking-close-control-russia-investigation-n767856|archivedate=June 10, 2017}}
78. ^{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Special Counsel Mueller's investigation seems to be growing|first1=Sadie|last1=Gurman|first2=Eric|last2=Tucker|first3=Jeff|last3=Horwitz|date=June 3, 2017}}
79. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/special-counsel-is-investigating-trump-for-possible-obstruction-of-justice/2017/06/14/9ce02506-5131-11e7-b064-828ba60fbb98_story.html |title=Special counsel is investigating Trump for possible obstruction of justice, officials say |first1=Devlin |last1=Barrett |first2=Adam |last2=Entous |first3=Ellen |last3=Nakashima |first4=Sari |last4=Horwitz |work=The Washington Post |date=June 14, 2017 |accessdate=June 15, 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170614222921/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/special-counsel-is-investigating-trump-for-possible-obstruction-of-justice/2017/06/14/9ce02506-5131-11e7-b064-828ba60fbb98_story.html |archivedate=June 14, 2017 }}
80. ^{{cite web|last1=Koenig|first1=Kailani|title=Trump Attorney: The President Is Not Under Investigation|url=http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-attorney-president-not-under-investigation-n773751|publisher=NBC News|accessdate=June 19, 2017|date=June 18, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170618214622/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/white-house/trump-attorney-president-not-under-investigation-n773751|archivedate=June 18, 2017}}
81. ^{{cite news |last=Hamady |first=Saba |date=June 16, 2017 |title=Washington Post: Mueller investigating Jared Kushner's business dealings |url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/15/politics/jared-kushner-special-counsel-business-dealings-investigation/index.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807064227/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/15/politics/jared-kushner-special-counsel-business-dealings-investigation/index.html |archivedate=August 7, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017 }}
82. ^{{cite news |title=Trump Ordered Mueller Fired but Backed Off When White House Counsel Threatened to Quit |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-mueller-special-counsel-russia.html |first1=Michael S. |last1=Schmidt |first2=Maggie |last2=Haberman |work=The New York Times |date=January 25, 2018 |access-date=January 25, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126011705/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/25/us/politics/trump-mueller-special-counsel-russia.html |archivedate=January 26, 2018 }}
83. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/angry-former-spy-chiefs-anxiety-and-discord-at-a-security-forum-over-trump |title=Angry Former Spy Chiefs, Anxiety, and Discord Over Trump at a Security Forum |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170728114458/http://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/angry-former-spy-chiefs-anxiety-and-discord-at-a-security-forum-over-trump |archivedate=July 28, 2017 |authorlink=David S. Rohde |first=David |last=Rohde |work=The New Yorker |date=July 22, 2017 |accessdate=July 27, 2017 |deadurl=no }}
84. ^{{cite news |last=Blake |first=Aaron |date=December 21, 2017 |title=The Fix: The growing specter of Robert Mueller's firing. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/12/21/the-growing-specter-of-robert-muellers-firing/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222132127/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2017/12/21/the-growing-specter-of-robert-muellers-firing/ |archivedate=December 22, 2017 |accessdate=December 21, 2017 }}
85. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/newsletters/playbook/2018/06/24/overheard-at-the-dscc-retreat-on-marthas-vineyard-281247|title=Overheard at the DSCC Retreat on Martha's Vineyard|publisher=Politico|date=June 24, 2018|access-date=July 9, 2018}}
86. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-30/paul-manafort-donald-trump-russia-inquiry/9101372|title=Trump's ex-campaign manager Manafort to turn himself in to Mueller: reports|date=October 30, 2017|publisher=ABC News|access-date=October 30, 2017|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171101205535/http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-10-30/paul-manafort-donald-trump-russia-inquiry/9101372|archivedate=November 1, 2017}}
87. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/01/trumps-ex-national-security-adviser-michael-flynn-charged-with-lying-to-fbi|title=Trump's ex-national security adviser Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to FBI|date=December 1, 2017|work=The Guardian|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180111084914/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2017/dec/01/trumps-ex-national-security-adviser-michael-flynn-charged-with-lying-to-fbi|archivedate=January 11, 2018}}
88. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2017/12/01/abcs_brian_ross_flynn_prepared_to_testify_against_trump_trump_family_people_in_the_white_house.html|title=ABC's Brian Ross: Flynn Prepared To Testify Against Trump, Trump Family, White House Staff (UPDATED)|website=realclearpolitics.com|accessdate=April 26, 2018}}
89. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-flynn-charged-with-making-false-statement-to-the-fbi/2017/12/01/e03a6c48-d6a2-11e7-9461-ba77d604373d_story.html|title=Michael Flynn pleads guilty to lying to the FBI|last=Leonnig|first=Carol D.|date=December 1, 2017|work=The Washington Post|access-date=December 1, 2017|last2=Dawsey|first2=Josh|issn=0190-8286|last3=Barrett|first3=Devlin|last4=Zapotosky|first4=Matt|deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201161354/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michael-flynn-charged-with-making-false-statement-to-the-fbi/2017/12/01/e03a6c48-d6a2-11e7-9461-ba77d604373d_story.html|archivedate=December 1, 2017}}
90. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/flynn-russia-sanctions.html |title=Documents Reveal New Details on What Trump Team Knew About Flynn's Calls With Russia's Ambassador|last=Schmidt|first=Michael S.|date=December 1, 2017|work=The New York Times|access-date=December 1, 2017|issn=0362-4331|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201212147/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/12/01/us/politics/flynn-russia-sanctions.html |archivedate=December 1, 2017}}
91. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-troll-farm-13-suspects-indicted-for-interference-in-us-election/2018/02/16/2504de5e-1342-11e8-9570-29c9830535e5_story.html|title=Russian troll farm, 13 suspects indicted for interference in U.S. election |last=Barrett|first=Devlin|date=February 16, 2018|work=The Washington Post|access-date=February 17, 2018|last2=Horwitz|first2=Sari|issn=0190-8286|last3=Helderman|first3=Rosalind S.}}
92. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2018/02/20/michael-moore-participated-in-anti-trump-rally-allegedly-organized-by-russians.html |title=Michael Moore participated in anti-Trump rally allegedly organized by Russians |publisher=Fox News |date=February 20, 2018 |accessdate=September 28, 2018 |last=Re |first=Gregg }}
93. ^{{cite news|last1=Voreacos|first1=David|title=Trump Defiant Despite Mueller's Warning Shot on Russia Meddling |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-20/trump-defiant-despite-mueller-s-warning-shot-on-russia-meddling|accessdate=February 20, 2018 |publisher=Bloomberg|date=February 20, 2018}}
94. ^{{cite web|last1=Kahn|first1=Matthew|title=Document: Alex Van Der Zwaan Information |url=https://lawfareblog.com/document-alex-van-der-zwaan-information |website=Lawfare Blog|accessdate=February 20, 2018|date=February 20, 2018}}
95. ^{{cite news |last1=Thomsen|first1=Jacqueline|title=Mueller charges man with lying about communications with Trump campaign staffer|url=http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/374604-mueller-charges-man-who-communicated-with-gates-with-making-false|accessdate=February 20, 2018|work=The Hill|date=February 20, 2018}}
96. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/may/20/donald-trump-new-york-times-nader-zamel-prince |title=After Trump attacks New York Times, Giuliani tells paper Mueller will be done by September |work=The Guardian |date=May 20, 2018 |accessdate=September 27, 2018 }}
97. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/19/us/politics/trump-jr-saudi-uae-nader-prince-zamel.html |title=Trump Jr. and Other Aides Met With Gulf Emissary Offering Help to Win Election |work=The New York Times |date=May 19, 2018 |accessdate=September 28, 2018 |first=Mark |last=Mazzetti |authorlink=Mark Mazzetti |first2=Ronen |last2=Bergman |authorlink2=Ronen Bergman |first3=David D. |last3=Kirkpatrick |authorlink3=David D. Kirkpatrick }}
98. ^{{cite news |title=It's Not Just a "Russia" Investigation Anymore |url=https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/03/mueller-investigation-spreads-to-qatar-israel-uae-china-turkey.html |work=Slate |date=March 8, 2018 |first=Joshua |last=Keating |accessdate=September 28, 2018 }}
99. ^{{cite news |title=Russian disinformation teams targeted Robert S. Mueller III, says report prepared for Senate |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-disinformation-teams-targeted-robert-s-mueller-iii-says-report-prepared-for-senate/2018/12/17/0e0047f6-0230-11e9-8186-4ec26a485713_story.html?utm_term=.115be3dab8b5&wpisrc=nl_rainbow&wpmm=1 |accessdate=December 18, 2018 |work=The Washington Post}}
100. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/22/robert-mueller-submits-special-counsels-russia-probe-report-to-attorney-general-william-barr.html|title=MUELLER PROBE IS OVER: Special counsel submits Russia report to Attorney General William Barr|last=Breuninger|first=Kevin|date=2019-03-22|website=www.cnbc.com|access-date=2019-03-22}}
101. ^{{cite web |last1=Johnson |first1=Carrie |title=Mueller Report Doesn't Find Russian Collusion, But 'Can't Exonerate' On Obstruction |url=https://www.npr.org/2019/03/24/706318191/trump-white-house-havent-seen-or-been-briefed-on-mueller-investigation-report |website=npr |publisher=national Public radio |accessdate=24 March 2019}}
102. ^{{cite book|last1=Graff|first1=Garrett M.|authorlink=Garrett Graff|title=The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror|date=2011|publisher=Little, Brown|isbn=9780316120883|page=108|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vVVLVEApMLkC&pg=PT108|accessdate=June 24, 2017|ref=Graff|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180210070145/https://books.google.com/books?id=vVVLVEApMLkC&pg=PT108|archivedate=February 10, 2018}}
103. ^{{cite news|last1=Shannon|first1=Elaine|last2=Cooper|first2=Matthew|title=The FBI's Top Gun|url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000317,00.html|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=Time|date=July 16, 2001|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140723021345/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1000317,00.html|archivedate=July 23, 2014}}
104. ^{{cite news|title=Ann Cabell Standish Engaged to Robert Swan Mueller 3d|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/07/03/93850798.html|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=July 3, 1966}}
105. ^{{cite news|title=9 Are Attendants Of Ann Standish At Her Wedding; She Is Bride of Robert Mueller 3d, Alumnus of Princeton U.|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1966/09/04/82895757.html?pageNumber=58|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=September 4, 1966}}
106. ^{{cite news|title=Attorney General Eric Holder Delivers Remarks at the Farewell Ceremony for FBI Director Robert S. Mueller|url=https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-eric-holder-delivers-remarks-farewell-ceremony-fbi-director-robert-s|accessdate=June 24, 2017|publisher=United States Department of Justice|date=August 1, 2013|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804114406/https://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/attorney-general-eric-holder-delivers-remarks-farewell-ceremony-fbi-director-robert-s|archivedate=August 4, 2017}}
107. ^{{cite news|last1=Slater|first1=Joanna|title=Meet Robert Mueller: The 'unique' figure in Washington investigating Trump|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/robert-mueller-the-man-investigating-donald-trump/article35352750/|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The Globe and Mail|date=June 18, 2017|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623161158/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/robert-mueller-the-man-investigating-donald-trump/article35352750/|archivedate=June 23, 2017}}
108. ^{{cite book|last1=Hancock|first1=Larry|title=Surprise Attack: From Pearl Harbor to 9/11 to Benghazi|date=2015|publisher=Counterpoint|isbn=9781619026575|page=205|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mHeDCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT205|accessdate=June 24, 2017}}
109. ^{{cite news|last1=Altman|first1=Lawrence K.|last2=Johnston|first2=David|title=View After Cancer Surgery Is Good for F.B.I. Director|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/15/us/view-after-cancer-surgery-is-good-for-fbi-director.html|accessdate=June 24, 2017|work=The New York Times|date=August 15, 2001|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113958/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/08/15/us/view-after-cancer-surgery-is-good-for-fbi-director.html|archivedate=August 4, 2017}}
110. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/08/01/the-ultimate-g-man-robert-mueller-remakes-the-fbi/ |title=The Ultimate G-Man: Robert Mueller Remakes the FBI |date=August 1, 2008 |first=Garrett M. |last=Graff |accessdate=January 21, 2018 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180208053002/https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/08/01/the-ultimate-g-man-robert-mueller-remakes-the-fbi/ |archivedate=February 8, 2018 |work=Washingtonian }}
111. ^{{cite web|url=https://politi.co/2FF6Lnz|title=New Trump-Russia subplot: Mueller and Barr are ‘good friends’|first=Darren|last=Samuelsohn|website=POLITICO}}
112. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4386090-Read-Mueller-s-military-documents.html/ |title=Read Mueller's military documents |date=February 1, 2018}}

Further reading

  • {{cite news|last=Graff|first=Garrett|authorlink=Garrett Graff|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/08/01/the-ultimate-g-man-robert-mueller-remakes-the-fbi|title=The Ultimate G-Man: Robert Mueller Remakes the FBI|work=Washingtonian|date=August 1, 2008}}
  • {{cite news|last=Graff|first=Garrett|url=https://www.washingtonian.com/2008/09/01/robert-mueller-taking-on-the-terrorists|title=Robert Mueller: Taking on the Terrorists|work=Washingtonian|date=September 1, 2008}}
  • {{cite book | last = Mayer | first = Jane | title = The Dark Side | location = New York | publisher = Anchor Books | year = 2009 | isbn = 978-0307456298 }}
  • {{citation|last=Graff|first=Garrett|title=The Threat Matrix: Inside Robert Mueller's FBI and the War on Global Terror|year=2011|publisher=Little, Brown and Company|ISBN=978-0316068611}}

External links

{{Sisterlinks|d=Q715156|s=Author:Robert Swan Mueller|c=category:Robert Swan Mueller III|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|species=no|wikt=no}}
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130103060505/http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/history/directors/directors_then_and_now/ Profile] at the Federal Bureau of Investigation and [https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/executives staff]
  • {{C-SPAN|robertmueller}}
  • {{Charlie Rose view|22364}}
  • {{IMDb name|1694507}}
  • {{Worldcat id|lccn-no91-25152}}
  • {{New York Times topic|people/m/robert_s_iii_mueller}}
{{s-start}}{{s-legal}}{{s-bef|before=Bill Weld}}{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
Acting}}|years=1986–1987}}{{s-aft|after=Frank L. McNamara}}
|-{{s-bef|before=Edward Dennis}}{{s-ttl|title={{nowrap|United States Assistant Attorney General for the Criminal Division}}|years=1990–1993}}{{s-aft|after=Jo Ann Harris}}
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Acting}}|years=2001}}{{s-aft|after=Larry Thompson}}
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