| 词条 | Robert Service (historian) |
| 释义 |
| name = Robert Service | image = Service, Robert.IMG 1910.JPG | caption = Service speaking at the Tallinn Literature Festival HeadRead in May 2011 | birth_name =Robert John Service | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1947|10|29}} | birth_place = United Kingdom | death_date = | death_place = | main_interests = Russian history (1894–) | major_works = Biographies of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Leon Trotsky}} Robert John Service (born 29 October 1947) is a British historian, academic, and author who has written extensively on the history of the Soviet Union, particularly the era from the October Revolution to Stalin's death. He was until 2013 a professor of Russian history at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford, and a senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution. He is best known for his biographies of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky. Career and criticismsService spent his undergraduate years at King's College, Cambridge, where he studied Russian and classical Greek. He went to Essex and Leningrad universities for his postgraduate work, and taught at Keele and the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, before joining Oxford University in 1998. Between 1986 and 1995, Service published a three-volume biography of Vladimir Lenin. He wrote several works of general history on 20th-century Russia, including A History of Twentieth-Century Russia. He published a trilogy of biographies on the three most important Bolshevik leaders: Lenin (2000), Stalin (2004) and Trotsky (2009). His biography of Trotsky was strongly criticised by Service's Hoover Institution colleague Bertrand Mark Patenaude in a review for the American Historical Review.[1] Patenaude, reviewing Service's book alongside a rebuttal by the Trotskyist David North (In Defence of Leon Trotsky), charged Service with making dozens of factual errors, misrepresenting evidence, and "fail[ing] to examine in a serious way Trotsky's political ideas".[2] Service responded that the book's factual errors were minor and that Patenaude's own book on Trotsky presented him as a "noble martyr". The book was criticised by the German historian of communism Hermann Weber, who led a campaign to prevent Suhrkamp Verlag from publishing it in Germany. Fourteen historians and sociologists signed a letter to the publishing house. The letter cited 'a host of factual errors,' the 'repugnant connotations' of the passages in which Service deals with Trotsky's Jewish origins, implicitly accusing him of anti-Semitism, and Service's recourse to 'formulas associated with Stalinist propaganda' for the purpose of discrediting Trotsky.[3][2] Suhrkamp announced in February 2012 that it would publish a German translation of Robert Service's Trotsky in July 2012.[4] Publications
References1. ^McLemee, Scott. "The Re-Assassination of Leon Trotsky". Inside Higher Ed. 8 July 2011 2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://wsws.org/articles/2011/nov2011/intr-n23.shtml|title=European historians oppose publication by Suhrkamp of Robert Service’s Trotsky biography|first=Wolfgang|last=Weber|publisher=}} 3. ^“Robert Service has written a diatribe, not a scientific polemic!” The World Socialist Web Site. Retrieved 28 November 2011 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/cultural-capital/2011/12/soviet-russia-british-early|title=The Books Interview: Robert Service|website=www.newstatesman.com|language=en|access-date=2018-09-02}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.penguin.co.uk/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780141931913,00.html?/The_Penguin_History_of_Modern_Russia_Robert_Service |title=The Penguin History of Modern Russia – Robert Service – Penguin Books |publisher=Penguin.co.uk |date=24 September 2009 |accessdate=31 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121003184005/http://www.penguin.co.uk/nf/Book/BookDisplay/0,,9780141931913,00.html?%2FThe_Penguin_History_of_Modern_Russia_Robert_Service |archivedate=3 October 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/articles/2005/jun2005/stal-j02.shtml |title=Review of Robert Service's Stalin: A Biography–Part One |publisher=Wsws.org |date= |accessdate=31 August 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/gray_10_09.html |title=John Gray on Trotsky by Robert Service |publisher=Literary Review |date= |accessdate=31 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110819105747/http://www.literaryreview.co.uk/gray_10_09.html |archivedate=19 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2009/10/1401.html |title=Review: A ‘dis-Service’ to Leon Trotsky |publisher=socialistworld.net |date= |accessdate=31 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120305185605/http://www.socialistworld.net/eng/2009/10/1401.html |archivedate=5 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 9. ^A book that fails to meet the basic standards of historical scholarshipThe American Historical Review discredits Robert Service’s biography of Leon Trotsky 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.newstatesman.com/blogs/cultural-capital/2011/12/soviet-russia-british-early|title=The Books Interview: Robert Service|website=www.newstatesman.com}} External links{{commonscat-inline|Robert Service}}
15 : Robert Service (historian)|1947 births|Academics of Keele University|Academics of the UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies|Alumni of the University of Essex|British anti-communists|British historians|Fellows of St Antony's College, Oxford|Alumni of King's College, Cambridge|Historians of Russia|Historians of communism|Living people|Saint Petersburg State University alumni|Stalinism-era scholars and writers|Western writers about Soviet Russia |
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