| 词条 | Herbert J. Hoelter |
| 释义 |
Herbert J. Hoelter is an American criminal justice consultant and prison consultant. The Associated Press[1] and Boston Globe recognized him as a pioneer in the field of federal sentencing mitigation.[2] He is an expert in sentencing, creative alternatives to incarceration and the Federal Bureau of Prisons' Residential Drug Abuse Program (RDAP). He is chairman and CEO of the National Center on Institutions and Alternatives (NCIA), a group he co-founded along with Dr. Jerome G. Miller in 1977. Hoelter himself has never been incarcerated. The New York Post[3] and Fox News[4] have labeled him as a "prison coach." He prefers "professional federal sentencing consultant", and describes his work as assisting with the "transition from freedom to incarceration."[5] Early yearsHoelter completed his undergraduate studies at the University of Buffalo, earning a Bachelor of Arts. He then obtained a Masters of Social Work from Marywood University in Scranton, Pennsylvania.[6] Career and NCIABeginning in 1977, Hoelter and the organization he co-founded,[7] NCIA, have worked with criminal defense lawyers in developing client-specific sentencing alternatives for defendants facing sentences in state and federal court. He led the NCIA's sentencing and parole services, which has prepared cases in all 50 states, 75 federal jurisdictions, and three countries. In total, more than 15,000 cases have been presented by the NCIA for consideration by sentencing courts and parole boards.[8] Prior to sentencing, Hoelter and his colleagues at the NCIA present recommendations for alternative sentences and work on clients' behalf to secure appropriate prison placement, typically minimum security facilities where the risk of violence is low.[9] They also document the circumstances of a crime, and outline the redeeming qualities of the individual to contrast the prosecution's portrayal.[10] Once a sentence has been handed down, the organization works to help inmates assimilate into the culture of prison life from a practical and psychological standpoint.[9] Arrangements and conditions for family visitation, mail, commissary, telephone privileges, and items permitted inside are thoroughly explained. Hoelter has also advocated for prison reform and creative alternatives to incarceration. He offers alternatives such as work release, community incarceration, drug rehabilitation centers, home detention, community service, and strict probation aided by GPS monitoring.[9] In June 1987 he testified before the United States Sentencing Commission on the issue of alternatives to incarceration, and again submitted testimony to the Sentencing Commission in July 2008 at a national conference on same issue.[10] ClientsHoelter focuses on white-collar defendants in federal cases, and has represented prior to and post sentencing Bernard L. Madoff,[5][11]Martha Stewart,[12] Michael Vick,[13] Michael Milken,[14] Leona Helmsley,[15] Lewis "Scooter" Libby and Mike Tyson, as well as politicians, foreign nationals, husband wife or family defendants, independent business people and Wall Street executives such as Ivan Boesky, Dennis B. Levine, and James McDermott. He is also a speaker, and provides testimony to government panels and professional and academic audiences on the criminal justice system and punishment alternatives that do not involve imprisonment. He also provided consulting services for a number of Enron executives in the early 1990s.[14] Since 2000 he has worked with criminal defense attorneys Ira Sorkin[16] and Billy Martin (lawyer).[17] Hoelter advised Bernard L. Madoff on medical care, before Madoff began a 150-year federal prison sentence for financial crime.[11] While acknowledging the havoc caused by Madoff's fraudulent activities, Hoelter described the sentence as "the crown jewel" for the federal government and one imposed for "symbolic purposes."[5] In the majority of cases featuring well-known clients, Hoelter has managed to develop court-approved sentencing proposals which produced more lenient sentences featuring substantial amounts of community service and home confinement.[14] When clients receive more stringent prison terms, as was the case for Vick, Hoelter works to help the client resume life outside of prison, focusing on re-entry back into society.[11] Sentencing databaseTo develop a better understanding of federal sentencing history, Hoelter and the NCIA in 2008 completed analysis of a computerized data collection maintained by The United States Sentencing Commission. The database is housed at the University of Michigan.[18] NCIA reviewed the data sets for fiscal years 1999-2009. The information generated by the NCIA's review is intended as a frame of reference for judges deciding fines and imprisonment terms. References1. ^{{cite web|title=Prison consultants help inmates get good digs|url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32184197/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/prison-consultants-help-inmates-get-good-digs/#.T34ops1CBht|publisher=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32184197/ns/us_news-crime_and_courts/t/prison-consultants-help-inmates-get-good-digs/#.T34ops1CBht|accessdate=5 April 2012}} 2. ^{{cite news|last=Robertson |first=Tatsha |url=https://www.criminology.fsu.edu/penology/news/Seeking%20not-so-hard%20time.htm |title=Not-so-hard-time: Consultants help well-to-do avoid tough sentences |newspaper=Boston Globe |date=April 9, 2004 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130713111744/http://www.criminology.fsu.edu/penology/news/Seeking%20not-so-hard%20time.htm |archivedate=July 13, 2013 |df= }} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Prison Coach: Madoff Will be Fine in Prison|url=http://www.nypost.com/p/news/national/item_xBsSzgo1VVtPusnLddlcsN|publisher=New York Post | date=15 July 2009}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Prison Coach: Bernard Madoff Was Not Afraid of Jail Sentence|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,532761,00.html|publisher=FoxNews.com | date=1 December 2011}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=Madoff's Prison Adviser Gives a Lesson in Criminal Justice|newspaper=New York Daily News|date=August 2, 2009}} 6. ^{{cite web|last=Mills|first=Keith|title=Hoelter's Admirable Project Paying Off|url=http://www.pressboxonline.com/story.cfm?id=5404|publisher=PressBoxOnline.com|accessdate=6 April 2012}} 7. ^{{cite journal|title=Future Trends in the United States Federal Sentencing Scheme|journal=American University International Law Review|year=1998|volume=13|issue=4|pages=1069–1094}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ncianet.org/ |title=ncia|publisher=National Center on Institutions & Alternatives|accessdate=5 April 2012}} 9. ^{{cite journal|last=Hoelter|first=Herbert|title=Sentencing Alternatives - Back to the Future|journal=Federal Sentencing Reporter|date=October 2009|volume=22|issue=1}} 10. ^{{cite web|title=Proceedings from the Symposium on Alternatives to Incarceration|url=http://www.ussc.gov/Research/Research_Projects/Alternatives/20080714_Alternatives/Alternatives_index.cfm|publisher=United States Sentencing Commission|accessdate=5 April 2012}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last=Abrams|first=Jonathan|title=Consultants Are Providing High-Profile Inmates a Game Plan for Coping|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/sports/11consultants.html|publisher=New York Times|date=11 October 2009}} 12. ^{{cite news|last=English|first=Simon|title=Martha Stewart turns to her latest status symbol, a trial guru|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1467192/Martha-Stewart-turns-to-her-latest-status-symbol-a-trial-guru.html|publisher=The Telegraph|accessdate=April 4, 2012|location=London|date=16 July 2004}} 13. ^{{cite web|last=Munson|first=Lester|title=Vick at Leavenworth but isn't in prison drug program|url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=3282176|publisher=ESPN.com|accessdate=6 April 2012}} 14. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Oldenburg|first=Dan|title=Mr. Liberty: As More White-Collar Criminals Land in Jail, a Sentencing Consultant Finds Himself in Demand|newspaper=Washington Post|date=June 2, 2003}} 15. ^{{cite news|last=Zagorin|first=Adam|title=Get Out of Jail, Not Quite Free|newspaper=TIME|date=May 24, 1993}} 16. ^{{cite news|last=Henry|first=Samantaha|title=Madoff gets prison consultant to help get the best behind bars|url=http://www.startribune.com/templates/Print_This_Story?sid=51857277|newspaper=Minneapolis Star Tribune|date=July 28, 2009}} 17. ^{{cite web|title=Commonwealth of Virginia v. Michael Vick|url=http://hosted.ap.org/specials/interactives/_documents/vick_dogfighting.pdf}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Symposium on Alternatives to Incarceration|url=http://www.ussc.gov/Research/Research_Projects/Alternatives/20080714_Alternatives/17_FINAL_IntermediateSanctions.pdf|publisher=U.S. Sentencing Commission}} External links
5 : American consultants|University at Buffalo alumni|Marywood University alumni|Living people|Year of birth missing (living people) |
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