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词条 Robert Spencer (author)
释义

  1. Background

  2. Views on Islam

  3. Controversies

     University appearances  Ban from entering the UK 

  4. Bibliography

     Best sellers  Other books  Pamphlets  Interviews 

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{distinguish|text=the American white supremacist author and speaker Richard B. Spencer}}{{pp-semi-blp|small=yes}}{{Infobox person
| name =Robert Spencer
| honorific_suffix =
| image =Robert Spencer.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date ={{Birth date and age|1962|02|27}}
| birth_place =
| monuments =
| residence = United States
| nationality =American
| other_names =
| ethnicity =
| citizenship =
| alma_mater =University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, (M.A. 1986, Religious Studies)
| occupation =Author, blogger
| years_active =2002–present
| employer =
| organization =
| agent =
| known_for = Criticism of Islam,
books and websites about
Jihad and Islamic terrorism
| notable_works = The Truth About Muhammad: Founder of the World's Most Intolerant Religion, (2006)
The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), (2005)
| style = Advocacy journalism
| influences =
| influenced =
| home_town =
| salary =
| net_worth =
| television =
| party =
| movement =
| boards =
| religion =
| spouse =
| parents =
| relatives =
| awards =
| website = {{URL|jihadwatch.org}}
| footnotes =
}}Robert Bruce Spencer (born February 27, 1962) is an American author and blogger and a key figure of the "counter-jihad" movement in the United States.[1] He appears frequently on Fox News[2] and has given seminars to various law enforcement units in the United States.[3]

Spencer, a self-proclaimed expert on radical Islam,[4] has published a number of books on the subject including two New York Times bestsellers.[5] In 2003 he founded and has since directed Jihad Watch, a blog which he describes as containing "news of the international jihad, [and] commentary"[6] which is dedicated to "bringing public attention to the role that jihad theology and ideology plays in the modern world, and to correcting popular misconceptions about the role of jihad and religion in modern-day conflicts".[6]

He has also co-founded the anti-Muslim group Stop Islamization of America (SIOA)[7] and the Freedom Defense Initiative with blogger Pamela Geller, with whom he also co-authored a book, The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America.

His viewpoints have been described as anti-Islamic or Islamophobic,[8] Spencer describes himself as "the “good” kind of Islamophobe."[9] In 2013 the UK Home Office barred Spencer and Geller from travel to the UK for 3 to 5 years for "making statements that may foster hatred that might lead to inter-community violence".

Background

Spencer is a former member of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church.[10][11] In a 2006 interview, Spencer stated that his grandparents were forced to emigrate from an area that is now part of Turkey because they were Christians.[12] According to a 2010 interview in New York magazine, Spencer's father worked for the Voice of America during the Cold War, and in his younger days, Spencer himself worked at Revolution Books, a Maoist bookstore in New York City founded by Robert Avakian.[13]

Spencer received an M.A. in 1986 in religious studies from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His masters thesis was on Catholic history.[14] He has said he has been studying Islamic theology, law, and history since 1980.[12][15] He worked in think tanks for more than 20 years,[13] and in 2002–2003 was an adjunct fellow with the Free Congress Foundation.[16] Spencer named Paul Weyrich, also a Melkite Catholic, as a mentor of his writings on Islam. Spencer writes, "Paul Weyrich taught me a great deal, by word and by example – about how to deal both personally and professionally with the slanders and smears that are a daily aspect of this work."[16]

Spencer left the Catholic Church in 2016 and returned to the Greek Orthodox Church.[17]

Views on Islam

Spencer does not believe that traditional Islam is "inherently terroristic" but says he can prove that "traditional Islam contains violent and supremacist elements", and that "its various schools unanimously teach warfare against and the subjugation of unbelievers".[18] However, he rejects the notion that all Muslims are necessarily violent people.[18] He has said that among moderate Muslims, "there are some who are genuinely trying to frame a theory and practice of Islam that will allow for peaceful coexistence with unbelievers as equals."[19]

Spencer co-founded Stop Islamization of America (SIOA) and the American Freedom Defense Initiative (AFDI) with Pamela Geller in 2010. Both organizations are designated as hate groups by the Anti-Defamation League[20] and the Southern Poverty Law Center.[21][22][23]

In July 2011, Wired reported that two of Spencer’s books were listed in FBI training materials. Both The Truth About Muhammad and The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam were recommended for agents hoping to better understand Islam.[24]

Controversies

On December 20, 2006, the government of Pakistan announced a ban on Spencer's book, The Truth About Muhammad, citing "objectionable material" as the cause.[25]

Onward Muslim Soldiers was banned in Malaysia on July 12, 2007.[26]

In 2009, Spencer was asked to participate in an information session about Islam and Muslims designed for ethnic and multicultural librarians entitled "Perspectives on Islam: Beyond the Stereotyping", at the 2009 annual meeting of the American Library Association, which was sponsored by the ALA's Ethnic & Multicultural Information Exchange Round Table (EMIERT). After objections were raised by ALA members and the general public, the three other panelists withdrew in protest and the session was ultimately canceled.[27]

During Operation Protective Edge, Spencer was accused of spreading an anti-Palestinian misinformation video, originally published by Pamela Geller, by inaccurately claiming a video of an Egyptian die-in protest from Egyptian newspaper El Badil was a video of Hamas faking the number of casualties killed by Israel. Robert Spencer wrote “as Muhammad said, ‘War is deceit.’ And so here is more ‘Palestinian’ victimhood propaganda unmasked. Not that the international media and the world ‘human rights community’ will take any notice. Video thanks to Pamela Geller.” After El Badil had the video removed from Geller's YouTube account due to copyright infringement, El Badil wrote that Spencer and Geller's inability to distinguish a die-in protest from an Islamic funeral either makes them "incompetent to speak on Islam or they are professional liars."[28][29]

In an October 2010 news article, an investigative report by The Tennessean described Spencer as one of several individuals who "... cash in on spreading hate and fear about Islam." Tennessean investigation concluded "IRS filings from 2008 show that Robert Spencer earned $132,537 from the David Horowitz Freedom Center, and Horowitz pocketed over $400,000 for himself in just one year".[30][31]

Spencer was first invited to be a speaker at the Catholic Men’s Conference of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester on March 16, 2013.[32] The Bishop Robert Joseph McManus then decided to rescind the invitation.[33]

University appearances

On April 13, 2017, Spencer spoke at the Truman State University despite protests and a petition against him. He was invited by the Young America's Foundation.[34]

On May 1, 2017, Spencer spoke at the University of Buffalo. There he was shouted down and heckled.[35]

On May 3, 2017, Spencer spoke at Gettysburg College. 375 alumni urged the college president Janet Morgan Riggs to cancel the speech, but the event went on as planned.[36] Spencer said, "There is one kind of diversity that is not valued generally in an academic setting and that is intellectual diversity."[37]

On November 14, 2017, Spencer spoke at Stanford University. Many students walked out during the event.[38]

Ban from entering the UK

On June 26, 2013, Spencer and Pamela Geller were banned from entering the UK.[39] They were due to speak at an English Defence League march in Woolwich, south London, where Drummer Lee Rigby was killed. Home Secretary Theresa May informed Spencer and Geller that their presence in the UK would "not be conducive to the public good".[40]

A letter from the UK Home Office stated that this decision is based on Spencer's statement that:

"{{anchor|uk ban statement}}It [Islam] is a religion or a belief system that mandates warfare against unbelievers for the purpose of establishing a societal model that is absolutely incompatible with Western society ... because of media and general government unwillingness to face the sources of Islamic terrorism these things remain largely unknown."[41]

The decision will stand for between three and five years. The ban followed a concerted campaign by the UK anti-extremism and civil rights organization Hope not Hate,[42] which said it had collected 26,000 signatures for a petition to the Home Secretary.[43] Spencer and Geller contested the ban, but in 2015 the British Court of Appeals dismissed the appeal, arguing that "this was a public order case where the police had advised that significant public disorder and serious violence might ensue from the proposed visit."[44][45]

The ban was criticised by Douglas Murray. He noted that Islamist hate preachers are still allowed to enter the UK.[46]

Bibliography

Best sellers

  • Founder of the World's Most Intolerant Religion, Regnery Press, 2006 (NYT bestseller list – 2006-10-29[47]) {{ISBN|1-59698-028-1}} {{OCLC|232648493}}
  • The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades), Regnery Press, 2005. (NYT bestseller list – 2005-10-16[48]) {{ISBN|0-89526-013-1}} {{OCLC|779057129}}

Other books

  • {{cite book|title=The History of Jihad: From Muhammad to ISIS|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1682616606|publisher=Bombardier Books|date=August 7, 2018|isbn=9781682616598|oclc=1046676281}}
  • {{cite book|title=Confessions of an Islamophobe|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1682614913|publisher=Bombardier Books|date=November 28, 2017|isbn=978-1682614914|oclc=1022710774}}
  • {{cite book|title=Not Peace But a Sword: The Great Chasm Between Christianity and Islam|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1938983289|publisher=Catholic Answers|date=March 25, 2013|isbn=978-1938983283|oclc=840646024}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America|author=Pamela Geller|author2=Robert Spencer |publisher=Threshold Editions|date=July 27, 2010|isbn=978-1-4391-8930-6|title-link=The Post-American Presidency: The Obama Administration's War on America}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Complete Infidel's Guide to Free Speech (and Its Enemies)|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1621576515|publisher= Regnery Press|date=July 24, 2017|page=256|isbn=978-1621576273|oclc=993696636}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Complete Infidels' Guide to Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1621575306|publisher= Regnery Press|date=July 11, 2016|page=256|isbn=978-1621575160|oclc= 952247204}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Complete Infidel's Guide to ISIS|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1621574644|publisher= Regnery Press|date=August 24, 2015|page=|isbn=978-1-62157-453-8|oclc= 916923210}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Complete Infidels' Guide to the Koran|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1596981261|publisher= Regnery Press|date=September 21, 2009|page=260|isbn=978-1-59698-104-1|oclc=317454159}}
  • {{cite book|title=Did Muhammad Exist?: An Inquiry Into Islam's Obscure Origins|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1497608562|publisher=ISI Books|date=March 2012|isbn=978-1-61017-061-1|oclc=883649585}}
  • {{cite book|title=Stealth Jihad: How Radical Islam is Subverting America without Guns or Bombs|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1596980753|publisher=Regnery Press|date=October 28, 2008|isbn=978-1-59698-556-8|oclc=740862521}}
  • {{cite book|title=Religion of Peace?: Why Christianity Is and Islam Isn't|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1596985356|publisher=Regnery Publishing|year=2007|page=|isbn=978-1-59698-515-5|oclc=929251820}}
  • The Myth of Islamic Tolerance: How Islamic Law Treats Non-Muslims (editor), Prometheus Books, 2005. {{ISBN|1-59102-249-5}} {{OCLC|551266709}}
  • Onward Muslim Soldiers: How Jihad Still Threatens America and the West, Regnery Publishing, 2003. {{ISBN|0-89526-100-6}} {{OCLC|892799748}}
  • {{cite book|title=Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics: 100 questions and answers|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0965922855|publisher=Ascension Press|year=2003|page=197|isbn=978-0-9659228-5-2}}
  • {{cite book|title=Islam Unveiled: Disturbing Questions About the World's Fastest Growing Faith|url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1594032955|publisher=Encounter Books|date=October 25, 2002|page=202|isbn=978-1-893554-58-0|oclc=752326911}}
  • {{cite book|title=The Arab Winter Comes to America: The Truth about the War We're In|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S2pLngEACAAJ|date=2014-04-14|publisher=Regnery Publishing, Incorporated, An Eagle Publishing Company|isbn=978-1-62157-204-6|oclc=877883931}}

Pamphlets

  • {{Citation

| last =
| first =
| year = 2013
| title = Islam: Religion of Bigots
| publisher = The David Horowitz Freedom Center
| location =
| page = 20
| url = http://www.frontpagemag.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2013/10/religionofbigots.pdf
| asin = B00EYQZS9Y
}}
  • {{Citation

| last =
| first =
| year = 2011
| title = Islamophobia: Thought Crime of the Totalitarian Future
| publisher = The David Horowitz Freedom Center
| location =
| page = 56
| url =
| asin = B005R3336I
}}
  • {{Citation

| last =
| first =
| year = 2011
| title = Muslim Persecution of Christians
| publisher = The David Horowitz Freedom Center
| location =
| page = 40
| url =
| asin = B0058P4PHG
}}
  • {{Citation

| last =
| first =
| year = 2012
| title = Muslim Brotherhood in America
| publisher = The David Horowitz Freedom Center
| location =
| page = 28
| url = http://www.frontpagemag.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2011/03/mbia.pdf
| asin = B007GEJD92
}}
  • {{Citation

| last =
| first =
| year = 2007
| title = What Americans Need to Know About Jihad
| publisher = The David Horowitz Freedom Center
| location =
| page = 15
| url = http://www.frontpagemag.com/sites/default/files/uploads/2011/03/jihad.pdf
| asin = B0058PIX74
}}

Interviews

  • {{YouTube|HcEUz0gPaUE|The Glenn Beck Podcast Ep. 2}} by Glenn Beck
  • {{YouTube|sma4WYRuTXY|Bill O'Reilly's Interview with Robert Spencer}} by Bill O'Reilly
  • Pat Robertson interview by Pat Robertson
  • {{YouTube|D7zpH4xt5rA|THE SAAD TRUTH_174}} by Gad Saad
  • {{YouTube|qvjeRFQvbrY|Confessions of An Islamophobe}}

See also

{{Wikipedia books
|1=Robert Spencer
}}{{Portal|Islam|Freedom of speech}}
  • List of books banned by governments
  • A Common Word Between Us and You
  • Catholic–Muslim Forum
  • What the West Needs to Know
  • John Paul II Center for Interreligious Dialogue
  • Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue
  • Bibliography of books critical of Islam
  • WorldCat author entry for 'Spencer, Robert 1962-'

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Lee|first1=Benjamin|title=A Day in the "Swamp": Understanding Discourse in the Online Counter-Jihad Nebula|journal=Democracy and Security|date=4 September 2015|volume=11|issue=3|pages=248–274|doi=10.1080/17419166.2015.1067612|url=http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/78286/1/a_day_in_the_swamp_author_sub.pdf}}
2. ^{{cite web|work=Media Matters|date=January 13, 2015|url=https://mediamatters.org/blog/2015/01/13/meet-the-extremists-who-lead-foxs-conversation/202119|title=Meet The Extremists Who Lead Fox's Conversation About Islam|access-date=2017-02-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170211080539/https://mediamatters.org/blog/2015/01/13/meet-the-extremists-who-lead-foxs-conversation/202119|archive-date=2017-02-11|dead-url=no|df=}}
3. ^{{cite web|work=The Washington Post|date=March 12, 2014|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/anti-muslim-speakers-still-popular-in-law-enforcement-training/2014/03/12/bc8d8e30-aa1c-11e3-8a7b-c1c684e2671f_story.html|title=Anti-Muslim speakers still popular in law enforcement training|access-date=2017-09-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318114828/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/religion/anti-muslim-speakers-still-popular-in-law-enforcement-training/2014/03/12/bc8d8e30-aa1c-11e3-8a7b-c1c684e2671f_story.html|archive-date=2017-03-18|dead-url=no|df=}}
4. ^{{cite book | last=Deland | first=Mats | title=In the Tracks of Breivik: Far Right Networks in Northern and Eastern Europe | publisher=Lit Verlag | location=Berlin Wien | year=2014 | isbn=978-3-643-90542-0 | page=162}}
5. ^Simon & Schuster: "Robert Spencer" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151225152453/http://authors.simonandschuster.com/Robert-Spencer/70779919 |date=2015-12-25 }} retrieved December 25, 2015
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/why-jihad-watch.html|title=Why Jihad Watch?|publisher=Jihad Watch|accessdate=June 17, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331112501/http://www.jihadwatch.org/why-jihad-watch.html|archive-date=2010-03-31|dead-url=yes|df=}}
7. ^{{cite book|author1=Jeffrey Kaplan|author2=Heléne Lööw|author3=Leena Malkki|title=Lone Wolf and Autonomous Cell Terrorism|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mxE4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT214|year=2017|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-317-53042-8|page=214|authormask=|trans-title=|format=|origyear=|oclc=|doi=|bibcode=|id=|quote=|laysummary=|laydate=}}
8. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/english-defence-league-islam-woolwish-483499 | title=EDL Anti-Muslim Speakers Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer Banned from Britain by Theresa May | work=Ibtimes | date=26 June 2013 | accessdate=May 4, 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150505003559/http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/english-defence-league-islam-woolwish-483499 | archive-date=2015-05-05 | dead-url=no | df= }}
9. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.frontpagemag.com/fpm/268634/case-islamophobia-robert-spencer|title=The Case for Islamophobia|date=2017-12-06|work=Frontpage Mag|access-date=2018-05-23}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html|title=About Robert Spencer|publisher=Jihad Watch|accessdate=October 29, 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229102419/http://www.jihadwatch.org/about-robert-spencer.html|archivedate=December 29, 2010|df=}}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.speroforum.com/a/42470/Pope-must-condemn-demonizing-of-Israel|title=Pope must condemn demonizing of Israel|last=Spencer|first=Robert|date=October 26, 2010|work=Spero News|access-date=2010-10-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101029001117/http://www.speroforum.com/a/42470/Pope-must-condemn-demonizing-of-Israel|archive-date=2010-10-29|dead-url=no|df=}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?193778-1/qa-robert-spencer|date=August 20, 2006|title=Robert Spencer Jihad Watch, Director Q & A with Brian Lamb|publisher=CSpan|accessdate=November 30, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141109043825/http://www.c-span.org/video/?193778-1%2Fqa-robert-spencer|archive-date=2014-11-09|dead-url=no|df=}}
13. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://nymag.com/news/features/67635/index2.html|title=Muhammad Comes to Manhattan|work=New York|author=Mark Jacobson|date=August 22, 2010|accessdate=November 1, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100826065300/http://nymag.com/news/features/67635/index2.html|archive-date=2010-08-26|dead-url=no|df=}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://webcat.lib.unc.edu/record=b2172870~S1|publisher=UNC-CH Libraries|work=Davis Library Thesis, Religion, 1986|title=The monophysite in the mirror, by Robert Bruce Spencer|access-date=2013-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301144945/http://webcat.lib.unc.edu/record=b2172870~S1|archive-date=2017-03-01|dead-url=no|df=|year=1986}}
15. ^{{cite web |url=http://trib.com/news/local/article_2428fa7c-c843-561b-80ac-b243218b92be.html |title=Marines gather to honor, celebrate |publisher=Trib.com |date=2005-10-26 |accessdate=2010-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908021137/http://trib.com/news/local/article_2428fa7c-c843-561b-80ac-b243218b92be.html |archive-date=2017-09-08 |dead-url=no |df= }}
16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=31171|title=A Tribute: Paul Weyrich Has Died|date=December 19, 2008|accessdate=December 16, 2010|author=Robert Spencer|publisher=Catholic Online|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309161405/http://www.catholic.org/national/national_story.php?id=31171|archivedate=March 9, 2009|df=}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.crisismagazine.com/2018/robert-spencer-and-the-religion-of-terror|title=Robert Spencer and the Religion of Terror|work=Crisis Magazine|author=Jeffrey Rubin|date=October 25, 2018|accessdate=October 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181025120653/https://www.crisismagazine.com/2018/robert-spencer-and-the-religion-of-terror|archive-date=2018-10-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/archives/021661.php|title=The Last Patriot: Worse than Spencer's books!|publisher=Jihad Watch|date=July 7, 2008|access-date=2008-07-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090105214915/http://www.jihadwatch.org/archives/021661.php|archive-date=2009-01-05|dead-url=yes|df=}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jihadwatch.org/archives/009791.php|title=What is a moderate Muslim?|publisher=Jihad Watch|author=Robert Spencer|date=January 14, 2006|access-date=2009-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081014140806/http://www.jihadwatch.org/archives/009791.php|archive-date=2008-10-14|dead-url=yes|df=}}
20. ^"Backgrounder: Stop Islamization of America (SIOA)" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502054200/http://www.adl.org/main_Extremism/sioa.htm |date=2012-05-02 }}. Extremism. Anti-Defamation League. March 25, 2011 [August 26, 2010]. Retrieved February 16, 2012.
21. ^{{cite web|author=Lach, Eric|date=March 1, 2011|work=Talking Points Memo|url=http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/03/pam_geller_on_splc_hate_group_label_badge_of_honor.php|title=Pam Geller On 'Hate Group' Label: 'A Badge of Honor'|access-date=2012-02-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120313082234/http://tpmmuckraker.talkingpointsmemo.com/2011/03/pam_geller_on_splc_hate_group_label_badge_of_honor.php|archive-date=2012-03-13|dead-url=no|df=}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=Pamela Geller & Stop Islamization of America|url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/pamela-geller|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=27 June 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110625194540/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-files/profiles/pamela-geller|archive-date=2011-06-25|dead-url=no|df=}}
23. ^{{cite web|last=Steinback|first=Robert|title=Jihad Against Islam|url=http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2011/summer/jihad-against-islam|work=Intelligence Report, Issue #142|publisher=Southern Poverty Law Center|accessdate=June 27, 2011|date=Summer 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119075935/http://www.splcenter.org/get-informed/intelligence-report/browse-all-issues/2011/summer/jihad-against-islam|archive-date=2012-01-19|dead-url=no|df=}}
24. ^{{cite journal|author=Ackerman, Spencer|date=July 27, 2011|journal=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2011/07/fbi-islam-101-guide/|title=FBI 'Islam 101' Guide Depicted Muslims as 7th-Century Simpletons|access-date=2018-11-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181204011823/https://www.wired.com/2011/07/fbi-islam-101-guide/|archive-date=2018-12-04|dead-url=no|df=}}
25. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nationalreview.com/phi-beta-cons/45068/pakistan-book-closed-muhammad-candace-de-russy |title= Pakistan: Book Closed on Muhammad |access-date= 2015-04-19 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20150612204845/http://www.nationalreview.com/phi-beta-cons/45068/pakistan-book-closed-muhammad-candace-de-russy |archive-date= 2015-06-12 |dead-url= no |df= |date= 2007-01-09 }}
26. ^{{cite news|title=Ministry Bans 14 Books|url=http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=272915|newspaper=BERNAMA|date=12 July 2007|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221210/http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/printable.php?id=272915|archivedate=3 March 2016|df=}}
27. ^{{cite web|title=ALA Conference 2009: Panelists Quit Session Featuring 'Islam Basher{{'-}}|url=http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6670156.html|work=Library Journal|accessdate=June 11, 2011|author=Raya Kuzyk|author2=Norman Oder|date=July 11, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224213137/http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA6670156.html|archive-date=2011-12-24|dead-url=no|df=}}
28. ^Pamela Geller is transmitting hate against Palestinians by spreading misinformation, El Badil, (2014). Elbadil.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141029014846/http://elbadil.com/2014/08/24/pamela-geller-transmitting-hate-palestinians-spreading-misinformation/ |date=2014-10-29 }}
29. ^Conservative Post, Gaza ‘Corpses’ Caught Moving When They Forget Cameras Are On Them, August 19, 2014 Conservativepost.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111074556/http://conservativepost.com/gaza-corpses-caught-moving-when-they-forget-cameras-are-on-them/ |date=2014-11-11 }}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tennessean.com/article/20101024/NEWS01/10240374/Anti-Muslim-crusaders-make-millions-spreading-fear|title=Anti-Muslim crusaders make millions spreading fear|date=October 24, 2010|accessdate=November 4, 2010}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tennessean.com/assets/pdf/DN1658821023.PDF|title=David Horowitz Freedom Center's IRS Form 990|date=June 3, 2009|accessdate=April 24, 2011}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.telegram.com/article/20130203/NEWS/102039841/1020|title=Catholic speakers|publisher=|access-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060249/http://www.telegram.com/article/20130203/NEWS/102039841/1020|archive-date=2015-09-23|dead-url=no|df=}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicfreepress.org/local/2013/02/08/catholic-mens-conference-opens-ticket-sales/|title=Catholic Men's Conference opens ticket sales|publisher=The Catholic Free Press|date=8 February 2013|access-date=2015-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060052/http://www.catholicfreepress.org/local/2013/02/08/catholic-mens-conference-opens-ticket-sales/|archive-date=2015-09-23|dead-url=yes|df=}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/truman-state-grapples-with-controversial-anti-muslim-speaker/article_138f0acd-bd84-59e1-890e-d921a1ec6ee2.html|title=Truman State grapples with controversial anti-Muslim speaker|publisher=St. Louis Post-Dispatch|access-date=2017-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170424121832/http://www.stltoday.com/news/local/education/truman-state-grapples-with-controversial-anti-muslim-speaker/article_138f0acd-bd84-59e1-890e-d921a1ec6ee2.html|archive-date=2017-04-24|dead-url=no|df=}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://buffalonews.com/2017/05/01/controversial-speaker-ub-shouted-heckled/|title=No violence, but UB speaker greeted with tension, heckling|publisher=The Buffalo News|access-date=2017-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170502134727/http://buffalonews.com/2017/05/01/controversial-speaker-ub-shouted-heckled/|archive-date=2017-05-02|dead-url=no|df=|date=2017-05-02}}
36. ^{{cite news|url=http://gettysburgian.com/2017/05/open-letter-from-375-alums-urges-president-riggs-to-cancel-robert-spencers-speech/|title=Open letter from 375 alums urges President Riggs to cancel Robert Spencer’s speech|date=May 1, 2017|newspaper=The Gettysburgian|access-date=2017-05-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170503155217/http://gettysburgian.com/2017/05/open-letter-from-375-alums-urges-president-riggs-to-cancel-robert-spencers-speech/|archive-date=2017-05-03|dead-url=no|df=}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://gettysburgian.com/2017/05/robert-spencers-speech-at-gettysburg-college-engages-students-in-civil-discourse/|title=Robert Spencer’s speech at Gettysburg College engages students in civil discourse|author=Pontz, Benjamin|date=May 3, 2017|newspaper=The Gettysburgian|access-date=2017-05-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170504173030/http://gettysburgian.com/2017/05/robert-spencers-speech-at-gettysburg-college-engages-students-in-civil-discourse/|archive-date=2017-05-04|dead-url=no|df=}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Stanford-Students-Walk-Out-Protest-During-Robert-Spencer-Speaking-Event-457635203.html|title=Stanford Students Walk Out, Protest During Robert Spencer Speaking Event|publisher=NBC Bay Area|access-date=2017-11-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171117001808/https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Stanford-Students-Walk-Out-Protest-During-Robert-Spencer-Speaking-Event-457635203.html|archive-date=2017-11-17|dead-url=no|df=}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=US bloggers banned from entering UK|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23064355|accessdate=June 27, 2013|publisher=BBC|date=June 26, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627011447/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-23064355|archive-date=2013-06-27|dead-url=no|df=}}
40. ^{{cite news|last=Rawlinson|first=Kevin|title=Anti-Ground Zero Mosque campaigners Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer barred from entering Britain to speak at an EDL rally|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/antiground-zero-mosque-campaigners-pamela-geller-and-robert-spencer-barred-from-entering-britain-to-speak-at-an-edl-rally-8675251.html|accessdate=June 27, 2013|newspaper=The Independent|date=June 26, 2013|location=London|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130627192049/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/antiground-zero-mosque-campaigners-pamela-geller-and-robert-spencer-barred-from-entering-britain-to-speak-at-an-edl-rally-8675251.html|archive-date=2013-06-27|dead-url=no|df=}}
41. ^{{cite video|title=The Speech that Got Robert Spencer Banned From the UK|publisher=YouTube|date=June 27, 2013|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rHdUgc6gxDI|access-date=2016-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202053606/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhdugc6gxdi|archive-date=2017-02-02|dead-url=no|df=}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=Anti-Muslim pair banned from UK|url=http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/410494/Anti-Muslim-pair-banned-from-UK|accessdate=June 27, 2013|newspaper=Daily Express|location=UK|date=June 26, 2013}}
43. ^{{cite web|last=Lowles|first=Nick|title=Geller and Spencer Banned|url=http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/blog/article/2803/geller-and-spencer-banned|publisher=Hope not Hate|accessdate=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130630023715/http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/blog/article/2803/geller-and-spencer-banned|archive-date=2013-06-30|dead-url=yes|df=}}
44. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.bailii.org/cgi-bin/markup.cgi?doc=/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2015/45.html&query=geller&method=boolean | title=Geller & Anor, R (on the application of) v The Secretary of State for the Home Department [2015] EWCA Civ 45 (05 February 2015) | publisher=British and Irish Legal Information Institute | accessdate=October 31, 2017}}
45. ^{{cite web | url=https://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2015/02/15/critics-of-islam-prevented-from-entering-uk-to-attend-lee-rigby-rally/ | title=Critics of Islam prevented from entering UK to attend Lee Rigby rally | publisher=1 Crown Office Row | work=UK Human Rights Blog | date=February 15, 2015 | accessdate=October 31, 2017 | author=English, Rosalind}}
46. ^{{cite news|title=A gross double standard over hate speech|url=http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2013/06/a-gross-double-standard-over-hate-speech/|accessdate=February 8, 2017|newspaper=The Spectator|location=UK|date=June 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114143645/http://blogs.spectator.co.uk/2013/06/a-gross-double-standard-over-hate-speech/|archive-date=2016-11-14|dead-url=no|df=}}
47. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/books/bestseller/1029besthardnonfiction.html?ex=1168923600&en=acb5c34abdb92f18&ei=5070 Best Sellers – Hardcover Nonfiction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402190205/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/29/books/bestseller/1029besthardnonfiction.html?ex=1168923600&en=acb5c34abdb92f18&ei=5070 |date=2015-04-02 }} – NYT
48. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/10/16/books/bestseller/1016bestpapernonfiction.html?ex=1168923600&en=f4feabaad368de1c&ei=5070 Paperback Nonfiction] – NYT

External links

{{Wikiquote}}
  • Robert Spencer's weblog, jihadwatch
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Spencer, Robert}}

17 : 1962 births|American bloggers|American Melkite Greek Catholics|American political writers|American male non-fiction writers|American social commentators|Counter-jihad activists|Critics of Islam|Living people|Middle Eastern Christians|Opposition to Islam in the United States|University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill alumni|21st-century American non-fiction writers|Converts to Eastern Catholicism from Eastern Orthodoxy|Converts to Eastern Orthodoxy from Catholicism|Greek Orthodox Christians from the United States|American male bloggers
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