| 词条 | Herodotus Machine |
| 释义 |
The Herodotus Machine was a machine described by Herodotus, a Greek historian born in Halicarnassus, Caria (modern-day Bodrum, Turkey). Herodotus claims this invention enabled the Ancient Egyptians to construct the pyramids. The contraption supposedly allowed workers to lift heavy building materials. Herodotus is believed to have encountered the device while traveling through Egypt. With limited reference and no true schematics, this machine has stimulated many historians' theories of how the Ancient Egyptians were able to create pyramids. Herodotus in EgyptHerodotus is suspected of having embellished – or made up entirely – some of his historical accounts, but scholars generally accept this particular account as Herodotus provides otherwise reasonable accounts of Egypt and it would have been quite possible for someone living in Parnassus to safely and easily travel to Egypt during Herodotus' lifetime. Trade existed between the Greek City States and the kingdom of Egypt.[1] In Egypt Herodotus is thought to have conversed with locals on the matter.[2] Herodotus' descriptionHerodotus provides a description of the process in Histories. {{quotation|The pyramid was built in steps, battlement-wise, as it is called, or, according to others, altar-wise. After laying the stones for the base, they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first step. On this there was another machine, which received the stone upon its arrival and conveyed it to the second step, whence a third machine advanced it still higher. Either they had as many machines as there were steps in the pyramid, or possibly they had but a single machine, which, being easily moved, was transferred from tier to tier as the stone rose — both accounts are given and therefore I mention both. The upper portion of the Pyramid was finished first, then the middle and finally the part which was lowest and nearest to the ground}}Leonardo da Vinci is believed to have sketched a machine based on Herodotus' description.[3] Later depictions are premised upon da Vinci's sketches in the Codex Madrid. Visual depictions cannot authoritatively claim to represent Herodotus' machine. Some scholars argue that da Vinci may have had access to ancient texts, since lost, that provided additional details. Since Herodotus provides more of a description of the components of the design rather than detailed form or usage, many ideas have been put forward and scale models built.[4][5] See also
References1. ^{{cite journal|last1=Homan|first1=Michael|title=Beer and Its Drinkers: An Ancient near Eastern Love Story|journal=Near Eastern Archaeology|volume=67|issue=2|page=87}} 2. ^Herodotus, Robin Waterfield, and Carolyn Dewald. The Histories. Oxford: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.renouveau-democratie.eu/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Brochure-Bruxelles-240314-LR1.pdf|title=Niccolai, Gabriele. Leonardo da Vinci a Genius and His Secrets|publisher=European Commission Apr 2011}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.great-pyramid-building.com/machine-of-herodotus.htm|title=CHEOPSPYRAMIDE - gebaut mit den eigenen Barken}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://egyptianpyramidsecrets.blogspot.it/|title=Herodotus' machine - building pyramids}} Further reading
External links
5 : Ancient Egyptian architecture|Ancient Egyptian science|Ancient Egyptian technology|Egyptian inventions|History of construction |
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