| 词条 | Robin Hill (biochemist) |
| 释义 |
| name = Robin Hill | birth_name = Robert Hill | image = Robert Hill (biochemist).jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption = Robert Hill FRS | birth_date = {{Birth date|1899|04|02|df=yes}}[1] | birth_place = Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, United Kingdom | death_date = {{Death date and age|1991|03|15|1899|04|02|df=yes}} | death_place = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | residence = | citizenship = British | nationality = | fields = Biochemistry | workplaces = | alma_mater = University of Cambridge | thesis_title = | thesis_url = | thesis_year = | doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = Frederick Whatley David Alan Walker (postdoc)[1][2] | known_for = {{Plainlist|
| influences = Frederick Gowland Hopkins | influenced = Brian S. Hartley[4] | awards = {{Plainlist|
| signature = | signature_alt = | website = | footnotes = | spouse = }}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2012}}{{Use British English|date=September 2012}} For other people named Robert Hill, see Robert Hill (disambiguation). Robin Hill is also the name given to varieties of azalea bred by Robert Derby Gartrell.Robert Hill FRS[5] (2 April 1899 – 15 March 1991), known as Robin Hill, was a British plant biochemist who, in 1939, demonstrated the 'Hill reaction' of photosynthesis, proving that oxygen is evolved during the light requiring steps of photosynthesis.[6][7][8] He also made significant contributions to the development of the Z-scheme[9][10] of oxygenic photosynthesis.[3][11][12][13][14][15][16] Education and early lifeHill was born in New Milverton, a suburb of Leamington Spa, Warwickshire. He was educated at Bedales School, where he became interested in biology and astronomy (he published a paper on sunspots in 1917),{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} and Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he read Natural Sciences. During the First World War he served in the Anti-gas Department of the Royal Engineers.{{citation needed|date=July 2014}} CareerIn 1922, he joined the Department of Biochemistry at Cambridge, where he was directed to research hemoglobin. He published a number of papers on hemoglobin, and in 1926 he began to work with David Kellin on the haem containing protein cytochrome c. In 1932, he commenced work on plant biochemistry, focusing on photosynthesis and the oxygen evolution of chloroplasts, leading to the discovery of the 'Hill reaction'. From 1943, Hill's work was funded by the Agricultural Research Council (ARC), although he continued to work in the Cambridge Biochemistry Department. Hill continued to receive most of his recognition for his earlier work on photosynthesis, and beginning in the late 1950s, his work concentrated on the energetics of photosynthesis. In collaboration with Fay Bendall, he made his second great contribution to photosynthesis research with the discovery of the 'Z scheme' of electron transport. Hill retired from the ARC in 1966, although his research at Cambridge continued until his death in 1991. In his later years Hill worked on the issue of the application of the Second Law of Thermodynamics to photosynthesis. He was an expert on natural dyes and cultivated plants such as madder and woad. He painted watercolours using pigments he himself extracted.[5] In the 1920s, he developed a fish-eye camera and used it to take stereoscopic whole-sky images, recording cloud patterns in three dimensions. Awards and honoursThe Robert Hill Institute at the University of Sheffield, from which he received an honorary degree in 1990, was named after him.[17] Hill was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1946, his certificate of election reads: {{centered pull quote|Distinguished for his research on Haemoglobin and Photosynthesis. He was the first to demonstrate the reconstruction of haemoglobin from its components: globin and haematin. This was the first case of the splitting and reconstruction of a conjugated protein. He determined the properties and dissociation curve of myoglobin which explain the physiological function of the pigment. He also determined the structure and properties of several haematin compounds thereby aiding the study of their catalytic activities. He discovered a new approach to the biochemical study of photosynthesis which enabled him to demonstrate and to measure the evolution of oxygen by isolated chloroplasts exposed to light in the complete absence of CO2. This remarkable photochemical reaction was found by him to have the same properties as "light reaction" obtained with intact green cells in presence of CO2, and it led him to formulate an interesting working hypothesis of the mechanism of photosynthesis.[18]}} He was awarded the Royal Medal in 1963, and the Copley Medal in 1987. References1. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 6049483| year = 1967| author1 = Walker| first1 = D. A.| title = The relation of oxygen evolution to carbon assimilation with isolated chloroplasts| journal = Biochimica et Biophysica Acta| volume = 131| issue = 2| pages = 330–8| last2 = Hill| first2 = R | doi=10.1016/0005-2728(67)90146-6}} {{Copley Medallists 1951–2000}}{{Authority control }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hill, Robin}}2. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Walker | first1 = D. A. | authorlink = David Alan Walker| journal = Photosynthesis Research | title = Tell me where all past years are| volume = 51 | pages = 3–4 | doi = 10.1023/A:1005798803998 | year = 1997 | url = http://www.life.illinois.edu/govindjee/history/WalkerPP.pdf| pmid = | pmc = }} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Walker|first1=David Alan|journal=Photosynthesis Research|title=‘And whose bright presence’ – an appreciation of Robert Hill and his reaction|volume=73|issue=1/3|year=2002|pages=51–54|issn=0166-8595|doi=10.1023/A:1020479620680|pmid=16245102}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hartley|first1=Brian|title=The First Floor, Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge (1952 – 58)|journal=IUBMB Life|volume=56|issue=7|year=2004|pages=437–439|doi=10.1080/15216540412331318974|pmid=15545222}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal|last1=Bendall|first1=D. S.|title=Robert Hill. 2 April 1899-15 March 1991|journal=Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society|volume=40|issue=0|year=1994|pages=142–170|issn=0080-4606|doi=10.1098/rsbm.1994.0033}} 6. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. | authorlink = Robin Hill (biochemist)| title = Oxygen Evolved by Isolated Chloroplasts | doi = 10.1038/139881a0 | journal = Nature | volume = 139 | issue = 3525 | pages = 881–882 | year = 1937 | pmid = | pmc = }} 7. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. | authorlink1 = Robin Hill (biochemist)| last2 = Scarisbrick | first2 = R. | doi = 10.1038/146061a0 | title = Production of Oxygen by Illuminated Chloroplasts | journal = Nature | volume = 146 | issue = 3689 | pages = 61–62 | year = 1940 | pmid = | pmc = }} 8. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. | authorlink = Robin Hill (biochemist)| title = Oxygen Produced by Isolated Chloroplasts | doi = 10.1098/rspb.1939.0017 | journal = Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences | volume = 127 | issue = 847 | pages = 192–210 | year = 1939 | pmid = | pmc = }} 9. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Walker | first1 = D. A. | authorlink = David Alan Walker| title = The Z-scheme – down hill all the way | doi = 10.1016/S1360-1385(02)02242-2 | journal = Trends in Plant Science | volume = 7 | issue = 4 | pages = 183–185 | year = 2002 | pmid = 11950615| pmc = }} 10. ^{{Cite journal | last1 = Hill | first1 = R. | authorlink1 = Robin Hill (biochemist)| last2 = Bendall | first2 = F. | doi = 10.1038/186136a0 | title = Function of the Two Cytochrome Components in Chloroplasts: A Working Hypothesis | journal = Nature | volume = 186 | issue = 4719 | pages = 136–137 | year = 1960 | pmid = | pmc = }} 11. ^{{Cite journal | title = The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography | doi = 10.1093/ref:odnb/49777 | year = 2004 | pmid = | pmc = }} 12. ^{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=R. |last2=Whittingham |first2=C.P. |title=Photosynthesis |publisher=Methuen |location=London |year=1953 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7ANKAAAAIAAJ}} 13. ^Archives Hub, Papers and correspondence of Robert (Robin) Hill, 1899-1991 14. ^{{Cite journal | pmid = 24408827| year = 1992| author1 = Prince| first1 = R. C.| title = Robert Hill, FRS; his published work| journal = Photosynthesis Research| volume = 34| issue = 3| pages = 329–32| doi = 10.1007/BF00029806}} 15. ^{{Scopus|id=23057371900}} 16. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0076-6879(71)23109-8 | title=[33] Cytochrome components in chloroplasts of the higher plants | journal=Methods in Enzymology | date=1971 | pages=327–344 | first=D.S. | last=Bendall}} 17. ^http://robert-hill-institute.group.shef.ac.uk 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org |title=EC/1946/12 Hill, Robert |publisher=The Royal Society |archivedate=15 July 2014 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6R5b1Rstv?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini&dsqApp=Archive&dsqDb=Catalog&dsqCmd=show.tcl&dsqSearch=%28RefNo%3D%3D%27EC%2F1946%2F12%27%29 |location=London |deadurl=yes |df=dmy-all }} 11 : 1899 births|1991 deaths|People from Royal Leamington Spa|Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge|English biochemists|Fellows of the Royal Society|Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences|Recipients of the Copley Medal|Researchers of photosynthesis|Royal Medal winners|People educated at Bedales School |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。