“Hexachlorodisilane”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Hexachlorodisilane

释义

Structure and synthesis
Reactions and uses
References

{{Chembox
| ImageFile = Si2Cl6.png
| ImageSize =
| ImageAlt =
| IUPACName = Hexachlorodisilane
| OtherNames = Disilicon hexachloride
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 13465-77-5
| EINECS = 236-704-1
| PubChem = 83497
| ChemSpiderID = 75334
| SMILES = [Si]([Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl
| StdInChI = 1S/Cl6Si2/c1-7(2,3)8(4,5)6
| StdInChIKey = LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Si₂Cl₆
| MolarMass = 268.88 g/mol
| Appearance = Colorless liquid
| Density =
| MeltingPtC = -1
| BoilingPtC = 144
| Solubility = }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards =
| FlashPt =
| AutoignitionPt = }}
}}

Hexachlorodisilane is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula Si₂Cl₆,^[1] It is a colourless liquid that fumes in moist air. It has specialty applications in as a reagent and as a volatile precursor to silicon metal.

Structure and synthesis

The molecule adopts a structure like ethane, with a single Si-Si bond of length 0.233 nm.^[2]

Hexachlorodisilane is produced in the chlorination of silicides such as e.g. calcium silicide. Idealized syntheses are as follows:^[3]

CaSi₂ + 4 Cl₂ → Si₂Cl₆ + CaCl₂

Reactions and uses

Hexachlorodisilane is stable under air or nitrogen at temperatures of at least up to 400°C for several hours, but decomposes to dodecachloroneopentasilane and silicon tetrachloride in presence of Lewis bases even at room temperature. ^[4]

4 Si₂Cl₆ → 3 SiCl₄ + Si₅Cl₁₂

This conversion is useful in making silicon-based components of use in semiconducting devices including photovoltaic cells.^[1]

The compound is also useful reagent for the deoxygenation reactions, such as this general process involving a phosphine oxide:

2 Si₂Cl₆ + OPR₃ → OSi₂Cl₆ + PR₃

References

1. ^¹Simmler, W. "Silicon Compounds, Inorganic", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. {{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a24_001}}
2. ^T.L. Cottrell, "The Strengths of Chemical Bonds," 2nd ed., Butterworths, London, 1958.
3. ^{{cite journal | doi = 10.1016/S0924-0136(03)00287-5 | title = Silicon tetrachloride production by chlorination method using rice husk as raw material | year = 2003 | last1 = Seo | first1 = E.S.M | last2 = Andreoli | first2 = M | last3 = Chiba | first3 = R | journal = Journal of Materials Processing Technology | volume = 141 | issue = 3 | pages = 351}}
4. ^Emeleus, H. J., and Muhammad Tufail. "Reaction of Hexachlorodisilane with Bases and Alkyl Halides." Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry 29.8 (1967): 2081-084.

2 : Silanes|Chlorides

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