| 词条 | Hilary Jenkinson |
| 释义 |
| honorific_prefix = Sir | name = (Charles) Hilary Jenkinson | honorific_suffix = CBE, LL.D, FSA | image = Sir Charles Hilary Jenkinson.jpg | caption = Hilary Jenkinson, 1949 |parents = William Wilberforce Jenkinson Alice Leigh Bedale | spouse = Alice Violet | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1882|11|1}} | birth_place = Streatham, London, England | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1961|03|05|1882|11|01}} | death_place = London, England | death_cause = | resting_place = Horsham, Sussex | resting_place_coordinates = | monuments = | residence = | nationality = British | other_names = | education = Dulwich College | alma_mater = Pembroke College, Cambridge | occupation = Archivist | years_active = | employer = | organization = }} Sir Charles Hilary Jenkinson {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CBE|LLD|FSA|FRHistS}} (1 November 1882 – 5 March 1961)[1] was a British archivist and archival theorist, regarded as the figure most responsible for bringing continental European concepts of archival theory to the English-speaking world. Personal lifeBorn in Streatham, London, Jenkinson was the son of William Wilberforce Jenkinson, a land agent, and Alice Leigh Bedale.[1] He was educated at Dulwich College and Pembroke College, Cambridge, graduating with first class honours in Classics in 1904.[2] During the First World War, he joined the Royal Garrison Artillery, and served in France and Belgium from 1916 to 1918.[2] Jenkinson married Alice Violet Rickards in 1910. She died in 1960. Jenkinson died a year later on 5 March 1961 at St. Thomas Hospital, London. They had no children.[1][2] CareerIn 1906, he joined the staff of the Public Record Office and worked on the arrangement and classification of the records of the medieval Exchequer. In 1912, he was put in charge of the search room, which he then reorganized according to criticisms alleged in the first report of the Royal Commission on Public Records.[2] After his military service, Jenkinson worked at the War Office until 1920.[1] Returning to the Public Record Office, he reorganized the repairing department and later the repository, to which he moved in 1929. He was appointed secretary and principal assistant keeper in 1938.[1] During 1944 and 1945, he paid several extended visits to Italy, Germany, and Malta as War Office Adviser on Archives, attached to the Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives Subcommission, playing an important role in archives protection in those countries from the worst of the depredations of war.[3][4][5] In 1947, Jenkinson, along with H. E. Bell, advocated the protection and preservation of a country's archives, even during times of war,[6] so that the "sanctity of evidence" may be preserved in the records.[7] From 1947 until his retirement in 1954, Jenkinson served as the deputy keeper (chief executive officer) of the repository at the Public Record Office.[1] During this tenure, Jenkinson was instrumental in acquiring more facilities in Ashridge, Hertfordshire as further records storage, and facilities in Hayes, Middlesex to serve as temporary housing for records in the process of being transferred to the Public Record Office.[2] Jenkinson lectured on palaeography, diplomatic, and archives in Cambridge, King's College London and University College London. He wrote a number of books on palaeography and diplomatic, and his Manual of Archive Administration (1922; revised edition 1937) became a highly influential work on archival practice in Britain and Ireland. Jenkinson served as Honorary Secretary of the Surrey Archaeological Society. He took a leading part in establishing its daughter organization, the Surrey Record Society, in 1912; and thereafter, as secretary and general editor until 1950, in establishing its principles of editing and records publication.[8] He was a founder, Joint Honorary Secretary (1932–47) and Vice-President (1954–61) of the British Records Association; President of the Jewish Historical Society of England (1953–55); and President of the Society of Archivists (1955–61). He also played an important role in the setting up of the National Register of Archives in 1945. Jenkinson served as the British representative for the UNESCO International Council on Archives, later becoming a vice-president of the Council.[2] Archival theoryJenkinson's Manual of Archive Administration was first published in 1922, and republished in a second edition (revised and expanded, but not significantly altered in its principles) in 1937. It was reissued with a new introduction by Roger Ellis in 1965. The book is described by John Ridener as "one of the most widely recognized treatises on the theory of archives and archival work" for introducing continental archival concepts to Britain (and the English-speaking world), along with his own original interpretations.[9] For example, Jenkinson rejected the practice of accepting singular documents into an archive, as well as the acceptance of private papers, which he considered to be a flaw of the French and Belgian philosophies.[10] However, Margaret Procter argues that despite Jenkinson's "iconic" status, his work also rested to a considerable degree on an existing British theoretical tradition.[11] Key elements in Jenkinson's archival theory included the following:[12]
Jenkinson saw "the good Archivist" as "perhaps the most selfless devotee of Truth the modern world produces".[7] "His Creed, the Sanctity of Evidence; his Task, the Conservation of every Scrap of Evidence attaching to the Documents committed to his charge; his Aim, to provide, without prejudice or afterthought, for all who wish to know the Means of Knowledge."[16] He further reaffirmed this position by designating the archivist as being a "profession of faith," a serious professional that is uncompromising in their duty.[17] Disputes with T. R. SchellenbergJenkinson had a number of theoretical differences of opinion with T. R. Schellenberg, his American counterpart, particularly over the question of the archivist's role in appraisal and selection.[18] John Ridener ascribes their differences in outlook to the fact that, in contrast to Schellenberg's concern with modern records management, Jenkinson's theory was founded on "medieval record structures", and was unsuited to dealing with the increased bulk of modern records.[19] To Schellenberg, it was a matter of quality in the archives. Having an undisturbed and impartial bulk in appraisal and accession does not, in his philosophy, serve the main purpose of the modern archives: making available useful material to patrons. Some records have higher evidentiary value, while others fall short on worth, making the former more desirable for preservation. Schellenberg desired a forward-thinking practicality in the approach to archival appraisal that took into consideration the needs of future patrons (in stark contrast to Jenkinson's conservative approach), while maintaining Jenkinson's notions of record relatedness, evidentiary value, and "truth" in archival holdings.[20] In a private letter, Schellenberg dismissed Jenkinson as "an old fossil".[21] CriticismIn his professional career at the Public Record Office, and in particular as Deputy Keeper from 1947 to 1954, he was often seen as an autocratic and inflexible conservative.[22] Elizabeth Shepherd comments that "it was only after his retirement that the PRO could finally develop a professional archival approach to its work,"[23] as Jenkinson did not like individual interpretations or differing viewpoints of his philosophy.[13] Jenkinson's core beliefs in the objectivity of archives and the archivist as neutral custodian have undergone considerable criticism and revision in recent years. Writing in 1997, Terry Cook commented: "At its most extreme, Jenkinson's approach would allow the archival legacy to be perverted by administrative whim or state ideology, as in the former Soviet Union, where provenance was undermined by the establishment of one state fonds and archival records attained value solely by the degree to which they reflected the 'official' view of history."[24] HonoursJenkinson was appointed CBE in 1943 and knighted in 1949.[1] As well as being a member of the Society of Archivists of Great Britain, Jenkinson was also an honorary member of the Society of American Archivists.[25] Jenkinson was further bestowed an honorary fellowship at University College, London, as well as an honorary LLD of Aberdeen.[2] LegacyWriting in 1980, Roger Ellis and Peter Walne commented that "[n]o one man had more influence on the establishment of the profession of archivist in Great Britain than Sir Hilary Jenkinson".[26] Terry Eastwood in 2003 called Jenkinson "one of the most influential archivists in the English-speaking world".[27] Jenkinson influenced the University of London's decision to establish an archives diploma program, and would later present its first lecture.[1] Such a program provided advancement towards Jenkinson's desire for the scientific archival profession to advance beyond his Public Records Office, and to train a new generation of archivists in his English method.[7] After his death, Oliver W. Holmes wrote in the American Archivist that Jenkinson's work had become a reference source for all inexperienced staff.[28] Since 2007, the Department of Information Studies at University College London has hosted an annual Jenkinson Lecture named in honour of Sir Hilary. The series was established to mark the sixtieth anniversary of archival education at UCL.[29] Principal publications
A fuller bibliography of Jenkinson's writings to 1956 appears as:
References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Johnson and Brodie 2008. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=January 2008|title=Jenkinson, Sir (Charles) Hilary|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com.proxy-um.researchport.umd.edu/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34177?rskey=RgKgdn&result=1|journal=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography|volume=|pages=|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-34177|via=}} 3. ^Bell 1962. 4. ^Johnson 1957, p. xxvi. 5. ^{{cite web | url=https://text-message.blogs.archives.gov/2014/01/23/sir-hilary-jenkinson-of-the-public-record-office-an-archivist-monuments-man/ | title=Sir Hilary Jenkinson of the Public Record Office: An Archivist Monuments Man | date=23 January 2014 | accessdate=23 January 2014 | author=Bradsher, Greg}} 6. ^{{cite journal |last=Cox |first=Douglas |title=National Archives and International Conflicts: The Society of American Archivists and War |journal=The American Archivist |year=2011 |volume=74 |issue=2 |pages=451–81 |jstor=23079046 }} 7. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Jenkinson|first=Hilary|date=1944|title=British Archives and The War|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.7.1.k6t126j728mh8405|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=7|issue=1|pages=1–17|doi=10.17723/aarc.7.1.k6t126j728mh8405|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 8. ^Johnson 1957, pp. xv–xvii. 9. ^Ridener 2009, p. 41. 10. ^{{Cite journal|last=Brubaker|first=Robert|date=1966|title=Archival Principles and the Curator of Manuscripts|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.29.4.8538576776w21r71|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=29|issue=4|pages=505–514|doi=10.17723/aarc.29.4.8538576776w21r71|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 11. ^{{cite journal |first=Margaret |last=Procter |title=Life before Jenkinson: the development of British archival theory and thought at the turn of the twentieth century |journal=Archives |volume=33 |year=2008 |pages=140–61 }} 12. ^Discussed in Ridener 2009, pp. 41–68. 13. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Hohmann|first=Paige|date=2016|title=On Impartiality and Interrelatedness: Reactions to Jenkinsonian Appraisal in the Twentieth Century|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/0360-9081.79.1.14|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=79|issue=1|pages=14–25|doi=10.17723/0360-9081.79.1.14|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 14. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Cappon|first=Lester|date=1956|title=Historical Manuscripts as Archives: Some Definitions and Their Application|url=http://www.americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.19.2.4402r63w3t257gv8|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=19|issue=2|pages=101–110|doi=10.17723/aarc.19.2.4402r63w3t257gv8|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 15. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holmes|first=Oliver|date=1961|title=Sir Hilary Jenkinson, 1882-1961|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.24.3.e521g515xp0n60u1|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=24|issue=3|pages=345–347|doi=10.17723/aarc.24.3.e521g515xp0n60u1|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 16. ^Jenkinson, Hilary, "The English archivist: a new profession", in Ellis and Walne 1980, pp. 236–59 (258–9). 17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Cline|first=Scott|date=2009|title="To the Limit of Our Integrity": Reflections on Archival Being|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.72.2.g0321510717r6j14|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=72|issue=2|pages=331–343|doi=10.17723/aarc.72.2.g0321510717r6j14|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 18. ^Tschan 2002. 19. ^Ridener 2009, pp. 56, 65–6. 20. ^{{Cite journal|last=Hohmann|first=Paige|date=2016|title=On Impartiality and Interrelatedness: Reactions to Jenkinsonian Appraisal in the Twentieth Century|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/0360-9081.79.1.14|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=79|issue=1|pages=14–25|doi=10.17723/0360-9081.79.1.14|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 21. ^Tschan 2002, pp. 176–7. 22. ^Cantwell 1991, pp. 452–79, 502. 23. ^{{cite book |title=Archives and Archivists in 20th Century England |first=Elizabeth |last=Shepherd |place=Farnham |publisher=Ashgate |year=2009 |ISBN=9780754647850 |pages=81–2 }} 24. ^{{cite journal |first=Terry |last=Cook |authorlink=Terry Cook (archivist) |title=What is past is prologue: a history of archival ideas since 1898, and the future paradigm shift |journal=Archivaria |volume=43 |year=1997 |pages=17–63 (24) }} 25. ^{{Cite journal|last=Holmes|first=Oliver|date=1961|title=Sir Hilary Jenkinson, 1882-1961|url=http://americanarchivist.org/doi/pdf/10.17723/aarc.24.3.e521g515xp0n60u1|journal=The American Archivist|language=en-US|volume=24|issue=3|pages=345–347|doi=10.17723/aarc.24.3.e521g515xp0n60u1|issn=0360-9081|via=}} 26. ^Ellis and Walne 1980, p. 9. 27. ^Eastwood 2003, p. vii. 28. ^Holmes 1961. 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ucl.ac.uk/dis/icarus/culture/JenkinsonLecture |title=Jenkinson Lectures |publisher=ICARUS – International Centre for Archives and Records Management Research, UCL |accessdate=3 May 2015 }} Bibliography
External links
16 : English archivists|1882 births|1961 deaths|People educated at Dulwich College|Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge|People associated with The National Archives (United Kingdom)|Commanders of the Order of the British Empire|Fellows of the Royal Historical Society|Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London|British medievalists|Archival science|Palaeography|English palaeographers|Monuments men|British military personnel of World War I|British military personnel of World War II |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。