| 释义 |
- History Early history Early 20th century Robert Moses era Late 20th century 21st century Disasters and events
- Communities
- Demographics
- Police and crime
- Fire safety
- Health
- Post offices and ZIP codes
- Education Public elementary and middle schools Public high schools Parochial and private schools Synagogues Libraries
- Transportation Trains Buses Ferry
- {{Anchor|In culture}} Culture
- {{anchor|Notable people}}Notable people by neighborhood Breezy Point Far Rockaway Rockaway Beach
- See also
- Notes
- References
- External links
{{for|other uses of "Rockaway"|Rockaway (disambiguation){{!}}Rockaway}}{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2017}}{{stack begin}}{{Infobox settlement
| name = Rockaway
| settlement_type = Cluster of neighborhoods in Queens
| image_skyline = Landsat-nyc-rockaway.png
| imagesize =
| image_alt =
| image_caption = Rockaway Peninsula along the coast of Queens
| image =
| nickname =
| motto =
| anthem =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = United States
| subdivision_type1 = State
| subdivision_name1 = New York
| subdivision_type2 = City
| subdivision_name2 = New York City
| subdivision_type3 = Borough
| subdivision_name3 = Queens
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_title1 =
| established_date1 =
| founder =
| named_for = Corruption of original Lenape language name
| population_footnotes = , and construction started in November 2018.[104] The Peninsula branch at 92-25 Rockaway Beach Boulevard[105] The Seaside branch at 116-15 Rockaway Beach Boulevard[106]A fifth Queens Library branch, the Broad Channel branch, is located at 16-26 Cross Bay Boulevard in Broad Channel.[107] TransportationRockaway is served by multiple transportation services. TrainsThe New York City Subway's IND Rockaway Line ({{NYCS trains|Far Rockaway}}), which has a terminal at Mott Avenue, passes through the eastern Rockaways. The {{NYCS trains|Rockaway Park}}, which ends at Rockaway Park – Beach 116th Street, serve the central Rockaways.[108] The latter was the terminal of the former Rockaway Beach Branch of the Long Island Rail Road (LIRR). The Far Rockaway terminal station for the LIRR's Far Rockaway Branch is located in Far Rockaway. The branch had originally been part of a loop that traveled along the existing route, continuing through the Rockaway Peninsula and heading on a trestle across Jamaica Bay through Queens where it reconnected with other branches. Frequent fires and maintenance problems led the LIRR to abandon the Queens portion of the route, which was acquired by the city to become the IND Rockaway Line.[109] BusesMTA Regional Bus Operations routes include {{NYC bus link|Q22|Q35|Q52/Q53 SBS|Q113|Q114|QM15|QM16|QM17|QM18|prose=y}},[110] and Nassau Inter-County Express (NICE) routes include {{LI bus link|N31|N32|N33|prose=y}} in Far Rockaway only.[110] Unlike other NICE routes in Queens, these buses operate open-door in Far Rockaway, meaning customers can ride these buses wholly within the neighborhood without necessarily going to Nassau County. NYC Beach Bus, a privately operated shuttle bus between downtown Brooklyn or Williamsburg and the area around Beach 84th Street and Jacob Riis Park, also runs in the area. One can also take a converted former school bus named Rockabus from Williamsburg, Brooklyn.[111]FerryFerry operator SeaStreak began running a city-subsidized ferry service between a makeshift ferry slip at Beach 108th Street and Beach Channel Drive in Rockaway Park and Pier 11/Wall Street in Manhattan's Financial District, then continuing on to the East 34th Street Ferry Landing, after Hurricane Sandy in October 2012 destroyed much of the IND Rockaway Line. In August 2013, a stop was added at Brooklyn Army Terminal.[112] Originally intended as just a stopgap alternative transportation measure until subway service was restored to the Rockaways, the ferry proved to be popular with both commuters and tourists and was extended several times, as city officials evaluated the ridership numbers to determine whether to establish the service on a permanent basis. The fare was raised to $3.50 per ride during the extension period from $2 previously. Between its inception and December 2013, the service had carried close to 200,000 riders, city officials said.[113] When the city government announced its budget in late June 2014 for the upcoming fiscal year beginning July 1, the ferry only received a $2 million further appropriation, enough to temporarily extend it again through October, but did not receive the approximately $8 million appropriation needed to keep the service running for the full fiscal year. Local officials and community activists expressed dismay with the decision, saying it was a blow to the Rockaways as the area continues to struggle economically in the aftermath of the 2012 hurricane. A spokesperson for the city government's Economic Development Corporation said that “We will continue to examine ridership and seek a sustainable funding stream that can support the $25-$30 subsidy per trip — the highest by far of any public transportation in the city.” [114] Efforts by local elected officials and community activists to convince the city government to reverse its decision and continue funding the ferry were unsuccessful, and it made its last trip on the night of October 31, 2014.[115] On May 1, 2017, NYC Ferry's Rockaway route started operations between Pier 11/Wall Street in Manhattan's Financial District and Beach 108th Street in Rockaway Park, with a stop at Brooklyn Army Terminal.[116][117] {{Anchor|In culture}} Culture The Rockaway Arts Council provides a wide range of events throughout the year. Two art groups in Rockaway, the Rockaway Theater Company and the Rockaway Artists' Alliance, hold most of their productions in Fort Tilden. Cultural references include: - Lawrence Ferlinghetti's poetry collection "Far Rockaway of the Heart"(New Directions, 1998) {{ISBN|0-8112-1347-1}}
- Boardwalk Empire, a popular HBO series (2010-2014), was partially filmed at Fort Tilden and the Boardwalk, standing in for Atlantic City in the 1920s.
- Jill Eisenstadt's classic novel From Rockaway is set within the world of Rockaway's lifeguard culture during the 1980s. Her 2017 novel, Swell, brings back some of the same characters over one eventful weekend in June 2002.[118][119]
- In the early 1980s, Christine Lavin, a New York-based folk singer, wrote the poignant song "Rockaway" about her family home.
- Woody Allen's Radio Days, a 1987 movie about a working-class family during the Golden Age of Radio, was filmed on location in Rockaway Park, with period facades and cars.[120]
- Patricia Reilly Giff's 1998 Newbery Award-winning novel Lily's Crossing is set in the Rockaways. The story, about a girl's friendship with a Hungarian refugee, was inspired by the author's own childhood memories of Rockaway Beach during World War II.[121] A companion book, Willow Run, features Rockaway as the home of Margaret Dillon, a child whose family moves in 1944 to Willow Run, Michigan (now between Ypsilanti, Michigan and Belleville, Michigan) to work at Henry Ford's Willow Run B-24 Liberator bomber plant as part of the United States civilian war effort.
- Naomi Ragen's 2002 semi-autobiographical novel Chains Around the Grass is set in a public housing project in Rockaway, reflecting Ragen's own upbringing there.[122]
- The 2010 documentary film Our Hawaii, by Kryssa Schemmerling, explores the surf culture that sprung up at Rockaway starting in the late 1960s.[123]
- The Rockaways' distance from the heart of the city and seeming status as a sleepy, isolated, career-killing backwater far from the big-city hustle and bustle and professional challenge of police work in fast-track Manhattan was noted in a Season 8 episode of NYPD Blue ("Thumb Enchanted Evening"); dismayed by the news that detective squad leader Arthur Fancy has been promoted to captain and will soon leave the 15th Squad, Andy Sipowicz warns him that "when you're out in Far Rockaway, working some serial purse-snatcher, don't say nobody warned you."{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}
- The Ramones' song "Rockaway Beach", on their 1977 album Rocket to Russia, became the American punk rock group's highest-charting single, peaking at number 66 on the Billboard Hot 100. Written in the surf rock style of the Beach Boys and other similar bands, the song was composed by the group's bassist, Dee Dee Ramone, who liked to spend time on the beach there.[124][125] In 2013, the 36-year-old song was dusted off and revived in a radio ad campaign aimed at promoting Rockaway's beaches as part of the peninsula's post-Hurricane Sandy recovery effort.[126]
{{anchor|Notable people}}Notable people by neighborhood{{cleanup|section|date=November 2015|reason=This notable people section only includes a few neighborhoods and is inconsistent}}{{see also|Category:People from Rockaway, Queens}}{{expand list|date=November 2015}}Breezy Point{{#section:Breezy Point, Queens|notable_residents}}Far Rockaway{{#section:Far Rockaway, Queens|notable_residents}}Rockaway Beach{{#section:Rockaway Beach, Queens|notable_residents}}See alsoNotes1. ^ tags -->| population_total = | population_as_of = | population_est = 130,000| pop_est_as_of = 2007| population_density_km2 = | population_density_sq_mi=| population_demonym = | population_note =| postal_code_type = ZIP code| postal_code = 116xx| postal2_code_type =| postal2_code =| area_code = 718, 347, 929, and 917}}{{stack end}}The Rockaway Peninsula, commonly referred to as The Rockaways or Rockaway, is the name of a peninsula within the New York City borough of Queens on Long Island, New York. Relatively isolated from Manhattan and other more urban parts of the city, Rockaway became a popular summer retreat in the 1830s. It has since become a mixture of lower, middle, and upper-class neighborhoods. In the 2010s, it became one of the city's most quickly gentrifying areas.The peninsula is part of Queens Community Board 14[{{cite web|url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/cau/html/cb/cb_queens.shtml|title=Queens Community Boards|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}]
2. ^{{cite news|title=Rockaway Population Popping At Record Pace|first=Nicholas|last=Briano|url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2008-03-21/front_page/004.html|newspaper=The Wave|date=March 21, 2008|accessdate=October 18, 2008|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615162234/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2008-03-21/front_page/004.html|archivedate=June 15, 2011|df=mdy-all}}
3. ^{{Cite book |title=The Rockaways |last=Lucev |first=Emil |publisher=Arcadia Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7385-4990-3 |location=Charleston, South Carolina}}
4. ^Governor Kieft's Personal War, Retrieved November 28, 2006.
5. ^Matinecock Masonic Historical Society: History {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206010852/http://www.matinecock.org/portal/desktopdefault.aspx?tabindex=2&tabid=23&item=9 |date=February 6, 2012 }}, Retrieved November 28, 2006
6. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.rockawave.com/common/history/history.html |title=Rockaway..."place of waters bright" |work=The Wave |accessdate=October 19, 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127222828/http://www.rockawave.com/common/history/history.html |archivedate=November 27, 2006 |df=mdy-all }}
7. ^1 {{cite encnyc}}, p. 120.
8. ^The Rockaways. Accessed October 2, 2007. "The Bayswater section was laid out about 1878 by William Trist Bailey, who purchased the property from J.B. and W. W. Cornell. The first Rockaway hunt with hounds started from this spot and the first yacht club was erected there."
9. ^The Big One {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019203754/http://www.nypress.com/print.cfm?content_id=13427 |date=October 19, 2008 }}, New York Press, Retrieved October 18, 2008. "In the years after the Civil War, developers built saloons and bathhouses, and Hog Island became a sort of 1890s version of the Hamptons. During the summers, the city's Democratic bosses used Hog Island as a kind of outdoor annex of Tammany Hall."
10. ^The Big One {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019203754/http://www.nypress.com/print.cfm?content_id=13427 |date=October 19, 2008 }}, New York Press, Retrieved October 18, 2008. "In the dredged-up sand, Coch's students found hundreds of artifacts—plates, whiskey bottles, teapots, beer mugs, lumps of coal and, what proved to be the most telling clue of all, an old hurricane lamp."
11. ^{{cite news |title = Queens Spit Tried to Be a Resort but Sank in a Hurricane|first = Norimitsu|last = Onishi|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/18/nyregion/queens-spit-tried-to-be-a-resort-but-sank-in-a-hurricane.html|newspaper = New York Times|date = March 18, 1997|accessdate = February 25, 2010}}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bklyn-genealogy-info.com/Map/5.Bor.Q.Rich.html |title=Before the Five-Borough City: Queens}} This map shows the boundaries of the former towns and the former city within the present Borough of Queens.
13. ^Herszenhorn, David M. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C07E3D71331F93BA25755C0A9679C8B63 "THE CENSUS -- A Region of Enclaves: Breezy Point, Queens; Bounded by Gates, Over a Toll Bridge"], The New York Times, June 18, 2001. Accessed November 1, 2007. "The neighborhood, started in the early 1900s as a summer bungalow community and called the Irish Riviera..."
14. ^{{cite book|last=Seyfried|first=Vincent|first2=William|last2=Asadorian|title=Old Rockaway, New York, in Early Photographs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SZ8QlXHxPR0C&pg=RA2-PA93&lpg=RA2-PA93|accessdate=January 27, 2012|year=1999|publisher=Dover Publications|location=Mineola, NY|isbn=0-486-40668-7|page=93}}
15. ^"A Queens Timeline" {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109203348/http://queenstribune.com/guides/2005_PatchworkOfCultures/pages/QueensTimeline.htm |date=November 9, 2007 }}, Queens Tribune; accessed December 14, 2006
16. ^"Club History", Belle Harbor Yacht Club; accessed January 28, 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120416032848/http://www.thebhyc.com/index/Club_History |date=April 16, 2012 }}
17. ^{{cite web|journal=Rootsweb.com|url=http://www.rootsweb.com/~nynassa2/rockaways.htm|title= The Rockaways| accessdate= December 6, 2006}}
18. ^{{cite news|journal=New York Times|date= May 16, 1904| page =9 |title=A Summer Girl Edit}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://themeparks.about.com/b/a/249690.htm |title=Theme Parks |journal=About.com |accessdate=December 7, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060319160800/http://themeparks.about.com/b/a/249690.htm |archivedate=March 19, 2006 |df= }}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rockawave.com/common/history/history.html|title=Rockaway...'place of waters bright'|journal=The Wave|accessdate=December 6, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127222828/http://www.rockawave.com/common/history/history.html|archivedate=November 27, 2006|df=mdy-all}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=8747|title=Neponsit Malls|work=New York City Department of Parks & Recreation|accessdate=August 7, 2010}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/cross-bay/|title=Cross Bay Veterans Memorial Bridge, Historical Overview|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nycroads.com/crossings/marine-pkwy/|title=Marine Parkway-Gil Hodges Memorial Bridge, Historical Overview|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
24. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nycroads.com/roads/shore-front-rockaways/|title=An Oceanfront Parkway for the Rockaways|journal=NYCroads.com|accessdate=December 6, 2006|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20061113223903/http://www.nycroads.com/roads/shore-front-rockaways/|archivedate=November 13, 2006|df=mdy-all}}
25. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.rockawave.com/pictures/index.cfm?PicNum=1011&Mode=Rate&Displaysize=640&pubbanner=rockawave |title=Shore Front Parkway and Its Results |journal=The Wave |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031501/http://www.rockawave.com/pictures/index.cfm?PicNum=1011&Mode=Rate&Displaysize=640&pubbanner=rockawave |archivedate=September 28, 2007 |df= }}
26. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nycgovparks.org/sub_your_park/historical_signs/hs_historical_sign.php?id=12218|title=Hammel Playground|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
27. ^"Rockaway..."place of waters bright"" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061127222828/http://www.rockawave.com/common/history/history.html |date=November 27, 2006 }}
28. ^[https://www.theatlantic.com/infocus/2011/11/documerica-images-of-america-in-crisis-in-the-1970s/100190/# Documerica 1973], The Atlantic Magazine
29. ^{{cite web|title=Beach Bungalow Historic District|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/places/pdfs/13000499.pdf|work=National Register of Historic Places Registration Form|publisher=National Park Service|accessdate=November 22, 2013|year=2013}}
30. ^{{cite news|last=Wilson|first=Charles|title=The Subway-Accessible, Surf-Ready, Urban Beach Paradise|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/03/18/magazine/far-rockaway.html|accessdate=December 8, 2013|newspaper=New York Times Magazine|date=March 16, 2012}}
31. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/12/07/realestate/in-rockaways-a-tide-is-coming-in.html?scp=1&sq=in%20rockaways%20a%20tide%20is%20coming | title=In Rockaways, a Tide Is Coming In | publisher=The New York Times | date=7 December 2003 | accessdate=2 February 2015 | author=Steven Hevesi}}
32. ^"The New York Racist Float Case: How the First Amendment Does - and Does Not - Protect Racist Cops and Firemen", FindLaw, July 16, 2003.
33. ^{{cite news |first=Corey |last=Kilgannon |title=Ruling in '98 Blackface Case Finds Favor in the Community |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/06/26/nyregion/ruling-in-98-blackface-case-finds-favor-in-the-community.html?ref=robert_steiner |work=New York Times |date=June 26, 2003 |accessdate=August 29, 2010 }}
34. ^{{cite news |first=Diane |last=Cardwell |title=Court Upholds City Firings Over Racial Insult at Parade |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/28/nyregion/28float.html?ref=robert_steiner |work=New York Times |date=April 28, 2006 |accessdate=August 29, 2010 }}
35. ^{{Cite web|url=https://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/11/19/a-much-criticized-pocket-of-the-rockaways-built-to-survive-a-storm/|title=A Much Criticized Pocket of the Rockaways, Built to Survive a Storm|last=Kilgannon|first=Corey|date=2012-11-19|website=City Room|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-19}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.arvernebythesea.com/|title=Arverne by the Sea Website|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
37. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.arvernebythesea.com/rockaway-beach-becomes-hipster-hamptons/|title=4Rockaway Beach becomes ‘Hipster Hamptons|date=August 13, 2012|newspaper=Newsday|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}
38. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.arvernebythesea.com/new-york-daily-news-top-10-neighborhoods-for-real-estate-investment/|title=4Top 10 neighborhoods for real estate investment|date=August 10, 2012|newspaper=New York Daily News|accessdate=October 15, 2012}}
39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.arvernebythesea.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/11-10-06.pdf|title=Bloomberg's Big Day In Rockaway|last=|first=|date=November 10, 2006|newspaper=The Wave|accessdate=May 11, 2012}}
40. ^{{cite news |title=Rockaway Park Votes 'Go' On Rezoning |first=Miriam |last=Rosenberg |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007-02-02/Front_Page/002.html |newspaper=The Wave |date=February 2, 2007 |accessdate=April 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110615162333/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007-02-02/Front_Page/002.html |archive-date=June 15, 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
41. ^Arverne East Website {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110128083118/http://arverneeast.com/|date=January 28, 2011}}
42. ^http://kensinger.blogspot.com/2010/09/south-edgemere-wasteland.html
43. ^1 Large-Scale Development: Arverne {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150203053208/http://www.nyc.gov/html/hpd/html/developers/large-scale-arverne.shtml |date=February 3, 2015 }}, nyc.gov
44. ^{{cite news |title=Renewed hope for barren Far Rockaway Shopping Center |first=Lisa|last=Colangelo|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2012-06-06/news/32084475_1_shopping-center-grand-opening-fitness-center |newspaper=New York Daily News |date=June 6, 2012 |accessdate=October 16, 2012}}
45. ^{{cite news |title=Pop! Number of New Residents Surges |first=Brian |last=Magoolahan |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007/0323/Front_Page/001.html |newspaper=The Wave |date=March 23, 2007 |accessdate=April 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031608/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2007/0323/Front_Page/001.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
46. ^{{cite news |title=RB Downzone Debate Rages On |first=Miriam |last=Rosenberg |url=http://www.rockawave.com/news/2006/0714/Front_Page/003.html |newspaper=The Wave |date=July 14, 2006 |accessdate=April 7, 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031703/http://www.rockawave.com/news/2006/0714/Front_Page/003.html |archive-date=September 28, 2007 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
47. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/rockaway_neigh/index.shtml |title=Rockaway Neighborhoods Rezoning |publisher= |accessdate=September 18, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141020011523/http://www.nyc.gov/html/dcp/html/rockaway_neigh/index.shtml |archivedate=October 20, 2014 |df= }}
48. ^"Spring Travel: Day Trips," New York magazine, April 23, 2007, p.74
49. ^{{cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2012/04/13/rockaways_report_mgmt_member_buys_a.php|title=Rockaways Hipsterfication Report: MGMT Buys A House, Beer Garden Looms|work=Gothamist|accessdate=September 18, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150227202250/http://gothamist.com/2012/04/13/rockaways_report_mgmt_member_buys_a.php|archivedate=February 27, 2015|df=mdy-all}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://nymag.com/guides/summer/rockaway-taco-2011-6/ |author=Michael Idov |journal=New York Magazine|accessdate= Oct 17, 2012|title=Williamsburg in the Rockaways}}
51. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.amny.com/urbanite-1.812039/rockaway-beach-is-the-hipster-hamptons-1.3902952|title=Rockaway Beach is the Hipster Hamptons|work=am New York|accessdate=September 18, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120818003518/http://www.amny.com/urbanite-1.812039/rockaway-beach-is-the-hipster-hamptons-1.3902952|archivedate=August 18, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
52. ^Higgins, Michelle (February 26, 2016) [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/28/realestate/new-yorks-next-hot-neighborhoods.html "New York’s Next Hot Neighborhoods"] The New York Times
53. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/18/nyregion/queens-spit-tried-to-be-a-resort-but-sank-in-a-hurricane.html|work=The New York Times|title=Queens Spit Tried to Be a Resort but Sank in a Hurricane|author=NORIMITSU ONISHI|date=March 18, 1997|accessdate=November 3, 2014}}
54. ^The Wave of Long Island, January 10, 1914, p. 1
55. ^{{cite news |title=400 Buildings Burned at Arverne; 10,000 Made Homeless; 60 Injured, Loss $4,000,000 in Half Square Mile |newspaper=The New York Times |date=June 16, 1922 |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E06EEDD1231EF33A25755C1A9609C946395D6CF |accessdate=August 21, 2009}}
56. ^{{cite news |title=Suspected Organizer of Golden Venture Operation Is Arrested |first=David |last=Stout |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE5DA1239F93BA25752C1A963958260 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=November 18, 1995 |accessdate=March 11, 2008}}
57. ^"Plane Crash in Queens." Seconds From Disaster. [documentary TV series]
58. ^Younge, Gary. [https://www.theguardian.com/weekend/story/0,,1945114,00.html "Flight to the death: Just two months after 9/11, a Queens suburb suffered the second-worst plane crash in US history. Five years on, residents tell Gary Younge, the cause remains worryingly unresolved"], The Guardian, November 11, 2006; accessed January 24, 2008. "On flight 587, myriad immigrant stories of hope foundered. On board was Hilda Yolanda Mayol, 26, a waitress who had escaped from the north tower of the World Trade Center and was heading to the Dominican Republic with her mother and children to take her mind off the trauma."
59. ^Boyle was also the publisher of the peninsula's newest newspaper, The Rockaway Times. Boyle was the former editor of The Wave, one of Rockaway's local newspapers and the oldest weekly newspaper in New York City.
60. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/06/nyregion/06plane.html?partner=rss&emc=rss | work=The New York Times | first=Michael | last=Wilson | title=Pilot With Sick Passenger Lands on Rockaway Beach | date=April 5, 2011}}
61. ^{{cite news| url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/06/morning-buzz-beach-landing-raises-questions/?partner=rss&emc=rss | work=The New York Times | first=Jason | last=Tomassini | title=Morning Buzz – Beach Landing Raises Questions | date=April 6, 2011}}
62. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/08/breezy-point-queens-tornado_n_1867236.html | work=Huffington Post | title=NYC Neighborhood Startled By Unexpected Tornado | date=September 8, 2012}}
63. ^{{cite news|title=Rockaways Face Widespread Destruction: It Was Like Sitting 'In The Middle Of The Sea'|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/30/hurricane-sandy-rockaways_n_2046414.html|publisher=Huffington Post|accessdate=November 3, 2012|date=October 30, 2012|first1=Lila|last1=Shapiro|first2=Saki|last2=Knafo|first3=Ben|last3=Hallman}}
64. ^{{cite news|last=Conlin|first=Michelle|title=Huge fire in Sandy's wake destroys New York City beach community|url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-10-30/news/sns-rt-us-storm-sandy-firebre89u01t-20121030_1_huge-fire-fire-and-water-fire-department-spokesperson|publisher=Chicago Tribune|accessdate=November 3, 2012|date=October 30, 2012}}
65. ^1 {{cite news| url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2012/10/30/sandy-new-york-fire-floods/1668029/|title=At least 80 flooded houses destroyed by NYC fire | publisher=Associated Press|work=USA Today|access-date=November 24, 2015|date=October 30, 2012|first1=Larry|last1=Neumeister}}
66. ^{{cite web |title=Project adds 600,000 cubic yards of sand to help Rockaway Beach |url=http://www.myfoxny.com/story/23042290/project-adds-600000-cubic-yards-of-sand-to-help-rockaway-beach#ixzz2b31S04CN |publisher=MyFoxNy |accessdate=August 4, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130809020002/http://www.myfoxny.com/story/23042290/project-adds-600000-cubic-yards-of-sand-to-help-rockaway-beach#ixzz2b31S04CN |archivedate=August 9, 2013 |df= }}
67. ^{{cite web|last=Nessen|first=Stephen|title=The First Neighbors Return to Devastated Breezy Point|url=http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/wnyc-news-blog/2012/oct/31/first-posse-return-devastated-breezy-point/|publisher=WNYC.org|accessdate=November 3, 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103064222/http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/wnyc-news-blog/2012/oct/31/first-posse-return-devastated-breezy-point/|archivedate=November 3, 2012|df=mdy-all}}
68. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/30/superstorm-sandys-wrath/?hpt=hp_t1 | work=CNN | title=Superstorm Sandy's toll: Mounting deaths, historic destruction, stranded residents | date=October 30, 2012}}
69. ^{{cite web|author=Sandy |url=http://www.breakingnews.com/item/ahZzfmJyZWFraW5nbmV3cy13d3ctaHJkcg0LEgRTZWVkGLyPtQsM/2012/10/30/update-breezy-point-queens-blaze-upgraded-to-6-alarm-fire-at-least |title=Update: Breezy Point, Queens blaze upgraded to 6-alarm fire, at least 50 homes completely destroyed by fire - @FDNY |publisher=breakingnews.com |date=October 30, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seattlepi.com/news/us/article/At-least-80-flooded-houses-destroyed-by-NYC-fire-3991949.php#photo-3662958 |accessdate=November 5, 2012 }}{{dead link|date=May 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
71. ^{{cite web|last=Leitsinger |first=Miranda |url=http://usnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/11/05/14945277-parting-with-lifes-props-a-tough-cleanup-begins-in-breezy-point |title=Parting with life's props: A tough cleanup begins in Breezy Point - U.S. News |publisher=Usnews.nbcnews.com |date=November 5, 2012 |accessdate=June 11, 2014}}
72. ^http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/30/superstorm-sandys-wrath/ hpt=hp_t1
73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.breakingnews.com/item/ahZzfmJyZWFraW5nbmV3cy13d3ctaHJkcg0LEgRTZWVkGLyPtQsM/2012/10/30/update-breezy-point-queens-blaze-upgraded-to-6-alarm-fire-at-least|title=Update: Breezy Point, Queens blaze upgraded to 6-alarm fire, at least 50 homes completely destroyed by fire - @FDNY - breakingnews.com|work=breakingnews.com|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/Cause-Breezy-Point-Queens-Rockaway-Fires-During-Sandy-Determined-184715051.html|title=Cause of Breezy Point Fire During Sandy Determined: City Fire Marshals say that rising sea water came in contact with electrical wires|work=NBC New York|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
75. ^http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/queens/whalemina-rockaway-beach-mascot-article-1.1211140
76. ^Table PL-P5 NTA: Total Population and Persons Per Acre - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, February 2012. Accessed June 16, 2016.
77. ^Table PL-P3A NTA: Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin - New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas*, 2010, Population Division - New York City Department of City Planning, March 29, 2011. Accessed June 14, 2016.
78. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 {{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/data/2018chp-qn14.pdf|title=Rockaway and Broad Channel (Including Arverne, Bayswater, Belle Harbor, Breezy Point, Broad Channel, Edgemere and Rockaway)|last=|first=|date=2018|website=nyc.gov|publisher=NYC Health|access-date=March 2, 2019}}
79. ^1 {{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/tcny/community-health-assessment-plan.pdf|title=2016-2018 Community Health Assessment and Community Health Improvement Plan: Take Care New York 2020|last=|first=|date=2016|website=nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene|access-date=September 8, 2017}}
80. ^{{cite web | title=New Yorkers are living longer, happier and healthier lives | website=New York Post | date=June 4, 2017 | url=https://nypost.com/2017/06/04/new-yorkers-are-living-longer-happier-and-healthier-lives/ | access-date=March 1, 2019}}
81. ^{{cite web|url=https://censusreporter.org/profiles/79500US3604114-nyc-queens-community-district-14-far-rockaway-breezy-point-broad-channel-puma-ny/|title=NYC-Queens Community District 14--Far Rockaway, Breezy Point & Broad Channel PUMA, NY|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=Census Reporter|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=July 17, 2018}}
82. ^{{cite web | title=Find Your Precinct and Sector - NYPD | website=www.nyc.gov | url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/find-your-precinct.page | access-date=March 3, 2019}}
83. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/precincts/101st-precinct.page|title=NYPD – 101st Precinct|last=|first=|date=|website=www.nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Police Department|access-date=October 3, 2016}}
84. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/site/nypd/bureaus/patrol/precincts/100th-precinct.page|title=NYPD – 100th Precinct|last=|first=|date=|website=www.nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Police Department|access-date=October 3, 2016}}
85. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/crime-safety-report/queens/rockaways/|title=Rockaway – DNAinfo.com Crime and Safety Report|website=www.dnainfo.com|access-date=October 6, 2016}}
86. ^{{cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-100pct.pdf|title=100th Precinct CompStat Report|date=|format=PDF|website=www.nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Police Department|access-date=July 22, 2018}}
87. ^{{cite web|url=https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nypd/downloads/pdf/crime_statistics/cs-en-us-101pct.pdf|title=101st Precinct CompStat Report|date=|format=PDF|website=www.nyc.gov|publisher=New York City Police Department|access-date=July 22, 2018}}
88. ^{{Cite FDNY locations}}
89. ^{{cite web | title=Engine Company 329| website=FDNYtrucks.com | url=http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e329.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
90. ^{{cite web | title=Engine Company 268/Ladder Company 137 | website=FDNYtrucks.com | url=http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e268.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
91. ^{{cite web | title=Engine Company 266 | website=FDNYtrucks.com | url=http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e266.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
92. ^{{cite web | title=Engine Company 265/Ladder Company 121 | website=FDNYtrucks.com | url=http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e265.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
93. ^{{cite web | title=Engine Company 264/Engine Company 328/Ladder Company 134 | website=FDNYtrucks.com | url=http://www.fdnytrucks.com/files/html/queens/e264.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
94. ^{{cite web | last=Finkel | first=Beth | title=Guide To Queens Hospitals | website=Queens Tribune | date=February 27, 2014 | url=http://queenstribune.com/guide-to-queens-hospitals/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
95. ^{{cite web | title=The Rockaways, New York City-Queens, New York Zip Code Boundary Map (NY) | website=United States Zip Code Boundary Map (USA) | url=https://www.zipmap.net/New_York/Queens_County/Z_The_Rockaways.htm | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
96. ^{{cite web | title=Location Details: Arverne | website=USPS.com | url=https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11694&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1353435&locationName=ARVERNE&address2=&address1=329+BEACH+59TH+ST | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
97. ^{{cite web | title=Location Details: Far Rockaway | website=USPS.com | url=https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11694&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1363118&locationName=FAR+ROCKAWAY&address2=&address1=1836+MOTT+AVE | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
98. ^{{cite web | title=Location Details: Rockaway | website=USPS.com | url=https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11694&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1379641&locationName=ROCKAWAY+PARK&address2=&address1=11325+BEACH+CHANNEL+DR | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
99. ^{{cite web | title=Location Details: Rockaway Beach| website=USPS.com | url=https://tools.usps.com/go/POLocatorDetailsAction!input.action?locationTypeQ=po&address=11694&radius=20&locationType=po&locationID=1379637&locationName=ROCKAWAY+BEACH&address2=&address1=9014+ROCKAWAY+BEACH+BLVD | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
100. ^{{Cite web|url=http://furmancenter.org/files/sotc/QN_14_11.pdf|title=Rockaway/Broad Channel – QN 14|last=|first=|date=2011|website=|publisher=Furman Center for Real Estate and Urban Policy|access-date=October 5, 2016}}
101. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cogca.org|title=Church Of God Christian Academy|publisher=|accessdate=September 18, 2014}}
102. ^{{cite web | title=Branch Detailed Info: Arverne | website=Queens Library | url=http://www.queenslibrary.org/branch/Arverne/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
103. ^{{cite web | title=Branch Detailed Info: Far Rockaway | website=Queens Library | url=http://www.queenslibrary.org/branch/far-rockaway/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
104. ^{{cite web | last=Rose | first=Naeisha | title=Ground broken on $33.6 million Far Rockaway Library construction site | website=QNS.com | date=November 20, 2018 | url=https://qns.com/story/2018/11/20/ground-broken-33-6-million-far-rockaway-library-construction-site/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
105. ^{{cite web | title=Branch Detailed Info: Peninsula | website=Queens Library | url=http://www.queenslibrary.org/branch/Peninsula/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
106. ^{{cite web | title=Branch Detailed Info: Seaside | website=Queens Library | url=http://www.queenslibrary.org/branch/Seaside/ | access-date=March 7, 2019}}
107. ^{{cite web | title=Branch Detailed Info: Broad Channel | website=Queens Library | url=http://www.queenslibrary.org/branch/broad-channel/| access-date=March 7, 2019}}
108. ^{{NYCS const|map}}
109. ^IND Rockaway Branch/Jamaica Bay Crossing, accessed June 14, 2006.
110. ^1 {{Cite NYC bus map|Q}}
111. ^Rock Rock Rockaway Food Stands. October 18, 2012.
112. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.seastreakusa.com/viewpage.aspx?page=Brooklyn |title=Seastreak Ferry New Jersey, New York and New Bedford, Martha's Vineyard |publisher=Seastreakusa.com |date= |accessdate=April 20, 2014}}
113. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140120/rockaway-beach/rockaway-ferry-floats-on-through-may-but-trip-will-cost-nearly-double |title=Rockaway Ferry Floats On Through May, But Trip Will Cost Nearly Double - Rockaway Beach - DNAinfo.com New York |publisher=Dnainfo.com |date=January 20, 2014 |accessdate=April 20, 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330064314/http://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20140120/rockaway-beach/rockaway-ferry-floats-on-through-may-but-trip-will-cost-nearly-double |archivedate=March 30, 2014 |df=mdy-all }}
114. ^http://www.amny.com/transit/rockaway-ferry-service-only-funded-through-october-1.8582809
115. ^http://www.ny1.com/content/news/218228/commuters-bemoan-closing-of-rockaway-ferry/{{dead link|date=September 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
116. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|title=NYC launches ferry service with Queens, East River routes|date=2017-05-01|website=NY Daily News|publisher=Associated Press|accessdate=2017-05-01|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501154444/http://www.nydailynews.com/newswires/new-york/nyc-launches-ferry-service-queens-east-river-routes-article-1.3122046|archivedate=May 1, 2017|df=mdy-all}}
117. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/01/nyregion/new-york-today-citywide-ferry-service-begins.html|title=New York Today: Our City’s New Ferry|last=Levine|first=Alexandra S.|date=2017-05-01|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-01|last2=Wolfe|first2=Jonathan|issn=0362-4331}}
118. ^{{cite web | title=Jill Eisenstadt revisits Rockaway Beach, 30 years later | website=Newsday | date=May 26, 2017 | url=https://www.newsday.com/entertainment/books/jill-eisenstadt-s-swell-revisits-the-characters-and-setting-of-from-rockaway-her-1985-debut-1.13668283 | access-date=December 8, 2018}}
119. ^{{cite web | last=Italie | first=Hillel | title=Homecoming: Jill Eisenstadt ends long hiatus as novelist | website=AP NEWS | date=June 5, 2017 | url=https://apnews.com/361fb2ba430f41918747b25aba752532 | access-date=December 8, 2018}}
120. ^Harris, Elizabeth A. [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/27/nyregion/house-featured-in-radio-days-survives-hurricane.html "A Radio Days House Survives the Hurricane"], The New York Times, November 26, 2012. Accessed August 22, 2017. "That house, said Lee Quinby, a co-owner, played the role of the family home in the Woody Allen movie Radio Days, a 1987 tribute to the glory days of radio and the delights of familial bickering, as well as a love song to the Rockaways of around the early 1940s."
121. ^[https://www.amazon.com/dp/0440414539 Amazon.com: Lily's Crossing]
122. ^[https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-902881-53-9 "Chains Around the Grass], Publishers Weekly. Accessed August 22, 2017. "Based on novelist Ragen's own experiences growing up in an ethnically mixed low-income housing project in the Rockaways, this novel opens a window into the bittersweet world of the Markowitz family as they struggle to make ends meet in 1950s New York City."
123. ^[https://www.nyfa.org/ArtistDirectory/ShowProject/c96fd830-dba1-4112-b154-b76b3edd4efc "KRYSSA SCHEMMERLING/OUR HAWAII"], New York Foundation for the Arts. Accessed August 22, 2017. "A group of locals overcome myriad obstacles to surf amid the urban decay of Rockaway Beach, Queens."
124. ^"From 'Forest Hills: Birthplace of Punk' to 'Rock Rock Rockaway Beach'", Queens Museum. Accessed August 22, 2017. "'Rockaway Beach', written by Dee Dee Ramone and released on the Ramones’ 1977 album Rocket to Russia, has become the anthem of the largest urban beach in the United States, treasured by surfers, day trippers, and residents alike."
125. ^[https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/jamaica-bay-and-the-rockaways/pressrelease/19926 "Surf, Surf, Surf Away at Rockaway Beach"], New York City Department of Parks and Recreation press release dated July 27, 2007. Accessed August 22, 2017. "The Ramones immortalized the beach’s allure in their 1977 hit 'Rockaway Beach' and since then, surfers have come from far and wide to catch Rockaway’s waves."
126. ^Warren, James. "Radio ad campaign to use Ramones hit 'Rockaway Beach' to lure visitors back to the shorefront devastated by Hurricane Sandy ", New York Daily News, June 3, 2013. Accessed August 22, 2017. "The Queens Economic Development Corporation is launching a radio ad campaign featuring the legendary punk rock band's hit "Rockaway Beach" to lure people back to a shorefront devastated by Hurricane Sandy."
References{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}External links{{Commons category|Rockaway, Queens}}- History of Rockaway from The Wave
- [https://archive.org/details/BellotsHistoryOfTheRockaways1917 Downloadable copy of History of the Rockaways from the year 1685 to 1917 by Alfred H. Bellot]
- US Geological Survey for Breezy Point
- The Rockaways by Henry Isham Hazelton (1924)
- Gateway National Recreation Area official website
- Housing Mania in The Rockaways by Angelo Guarino
{{Queens}}{{Portalbar|New York City}}{{coord|40|35|09|N|73|49|01|W|region:US-NY_type:city_scale:100000|display=title}} 4 : Neighborhoods in Queens, New York|Rockaway, Queens|Peninsulas of New York (state)|Landforms of Queens, New York |