“History of the English language (education)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

In English-language education, History of the English language (HEL) is a commonly required class for students in English studies and Education, though in the nineteenth and early twentieth century it was often required of all US college students.^[1]

Content

Since HEL is often the only linguistics class required of English majors and Education students, it usually includes a basic introduction to linguistic concepts and theories (on phonetics, dialects, language families, etc.) as well as the historical stages of English--Old English, Middle English, Early Modern English, and Modern English.

Among the topics which may be taught in HEL are the following: origin and development of the language; vocabulary and etymology; meaning and expression; the role of reference books and dictionaries; varieties of spoken English.^[2]

History and place in the curriculum

The need for HEL, as perceived by college professors and (English) department heads, was found to vary widely in a poll of department heads done in 1952. The poll asked heads to comment on the selection of language courses they'd require an MA candidate who applies for a teaching position to have taken; of 46 heads, 20 marked HEL, more than any other option (including advanced grammar, Old English, Chaucer, etc.). The author of the study noted that at the time no graduate courses in language study were required for the MA programs at many notable institutions, including Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Ohio State, and Penn State.^[3] The occasional passionate plea is made to promote HEL—J. E. Graves notes in a 1956 article in College English that proper courses in HEL are necessary for any future English teacher, and bemoans the perceived shoving aside of "language study in high school with non-rigorous semantics and 'learning situations.'"^[4] One such plea came in 1961 from Albert C. Baugh, professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania and author of A History of the English Language,^[5]^[6] who "justified" HEL by arguing that it teaches skills necessary for teachers of literature who often have students read older texts (Baugh cites Shakespeare throughout), including etymology (and the history of word changes), pronunciation and accentuation, and grammar and idiom.^[7]

Many, though by no means all, scholars of education suggest the importance of HEL. Marcia Henry, taking the Orton-Gillingham approach for dyslexic children as a structural starting point, argues that teaching the subject aids students in decoding and spelling.^[8]

In the field of English education, a field now often referred to as English Language Arts in which HEL is often required, the position of history of the English language is tenuous: it is not universally acknowledged that elementary and high-school students need to be taught anything about the subject. James Ney, a linguist at Arizona State University, argues that the shift in contemporary linguistics toward transformational grammar has taken attention away from historical linguistics. Ney's study of high-school textbooks suggested that history of English only takes up a minute amount of coverage; if it is there at all, it pertains to etymology and dictionary usage. Though some curriculum proposals (some of which very ambitious; Ney singles out the 1968 Atlanta Regional Curriculum Project) did promote a more rigorous study of the subject in elementary and high school, no discernible impact seems to have been made on actual school curricula.^[9]

Notable textbooks

References

1. ^{{cite journal|last=Baugh|first=Albert C.|year=1962|title=Historical Linguistics and the Teacher of English|journal=College English|volume=24|issue=2|pages=106–10|jstor=373743|doi=10.2307/373743}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.conted.ox.ac.uk/courses/details.php?id=Q100-38|title=History of the English Language|date=2002–2013|publisher=University of Oxford|accessdate=25 January 2013}}
3. ^{{cite journal|last=Lee|first=Donald W|year=1952|title=English Language Studies and the M. A. Program|journal=College English|volume=14|issue=3|pages=164–66|jstor=372130|doi=10.2307/372130}}
4. ^{{cite journal|last=Graves|first=J. E.|year=1956|title=Training English Teachers|journal=College English|volume=17|issue=8|pages=485–486|jstor=495707|doi=10.2307/495707}}
5. ^¹{{cite journal|last=Kent|first=Ronald G.|year=1936|title=Rev. of Baugh, A History of the English Language|journal=Language|volume=12|issue=1|pages=72–75|jstor=409029|doi=10.2307/409029}}
6. ^¹{{cite journal|last=Bloomfield|first=Morton C.|year=1958|title=Rev. of Baugh, A History of the English Language|journal=Journal of English and Germanic Philology|volume=57|issue=4|pages=796|jstor=27707189}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last=Baugh|first=Albert C.|year=1962|title=Historical Linguistics and the Teacher|journal=College English|volume=24|issue=2|pages=106–10|jstor=373743|doi=10.2307/373743}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last=Henry|first=Marcia K.|year=1998|title=Beyond Phonics: Integrated Decoding and Spelling Instruction Based on Word Origin and Structure|journal=Annals of Dyslexia|volume=38|pages=258–75|url=http://ld4elementaryliteracy.edublogs.org/files/2008/07/beyondphonics.pdf|doi=10.1007/bf02648260|pmid=24235045}}
9. ^{{cite book|last=Ney|first=James W.|editor=James Flood|others=Diane Lapp, James R. Squire, Julie M. Jensen|title=Handbook of Research on Teaching the English Language Arts|edition=2|year=2003|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum|location=Mahwah|isbn=9780805845181|pages=717–20|chapter=Teaching the Roots of Modern English: The History of the Language in the Language Arts Class}}
10. ^"A history of the English language" (first edition). Library of Congress Catalog Record. Retrieved 2013-09-14.