| 词条 | History of the Lithuanians in Baltimore |
| 释义 |
The history of the Lithuanians in Baltimore dates back to the mid-19th century. Thousands of Lithuanians immigrated to Baltimore between the 1880s and 1920s. The Lithuanian American community was mainly centered in what is now the Hollins-Roundhouse Historic District. Baltimore's Lithuanian community has founded several institutions to preserve the Lithuanian heritage of the city, including a Roman Catholic parish, a cultural festival, a dance hall, and a yeshiva. DemographicsIn 1920, 2,554 foreign-born White people in Baltimore spoke either the Latvian language or the Lithuanian language.[1] In 1940, 2,839 immigrants from Lithuania lived in Baltimore. These immigrants comprised 4.7% of the city's foreign-born white population.[2] In the 1960 United States Census, Lithuanian-Americans comprised 44% of the foreign-born population in South Baltimore's tract 22-2.[3] By 1991, there were an estimated 20,000 Lithuanians living in the Baltimore area.[4] The Lithuanian community in the Baltimore metropolitan area numbered 11,024 as of 2000, making up 0.4% of the area's population.[5] In the same year Baltimore city's Lithuanian population was 1,519, 0.2% of the city's population.[6] In 2013, an estimated 1,092 Lithuanian-Americans resided in Baltimore city, 0.2% of the population.[7] As of September 2014, immigrants from Lithuania were the 102nd largest foreign-born population in Baltimore.[8] HistoryLithuanians began to settle in Baltimore in 1876.[9] The wave increased greatly during the 1880s[10] and continued in large numbers until the 1920s. By 1950, the Lithuanian community numbered around 9,000.[9] These Lithuanians settled primarily in a neighborhood north of Hollins Street that became known as Baltimore's Little Lithuania.[11][12][13] In 1889, Jonas Šliūpas founded the Lithuanian Scientific Society in Baltimore. It promoted Lithuanian language and culture and was active until 1896.[14] Three Roman Catholic churches have been designated as Lithuanian parishes: St. Alphonsus' beginning in 1917, St. John the Baptist Church from 1888 to 1917, and St. Wenceslaus beginning in 1872. St. Alphonsus' is the only remaining Lithuanian parish in Baltimore, as St. Wenceslaus was re-designated as a Bohemian parish and St. John the Baptist Church closed in 1989.[15] While most Lithuanians who settled in Baltimore were Roman Catholic, a large minority were Lithuanian Jews. Between the 1880s and the 1920s, Lithuanian Jews (also known as Litvaks) were a major component of Jewish immigration to Baltimore.[16] The Yeshivas Ner Yisroel, a prominent yeshiva in Baltimore, was founded as a Lithuanian (Litvish)-style Talmudic college by Jews from Lithuania and Belarus. Litvaks also helped found the B'nai Israel Synagogue.[16] Little LithuaniaFrom the 1880s to the 1920s, the Hollins-Roundhouse neighborhood became established as the center of Baltimore's Lithuanian immigrant community.[17] Because of the large Lithuanian population in the area north of Hollins Street, the area became known as Little Lithuania. A few remnants of the neighborhood's Lithuanian heritage still remain, such as Lithuanian Hall located on Hollins Street.[18] CultureWhile other immigrant ethnic groups in Baltimore founded numerous ethnic building and loan associations between the 1860s and the 1910s, Lithuanians only founded one. This is because many Lithuanians shared the associations of other ethnic groups, especially those of the Polish.[19] An annual Lithuanian Festival is held in Catonsville in Baltimore County, not far outside city limits.[20] The festival features Lithuanian food and drink, dances, and ethnic items.[21] Notable Lithuanian-Americans from Baltimore
See also
References1. ^{{cite book |last=Carpenter |first=Niles |date=1927 |title=Immigrants and their children, 1920. A study based on census statistics relative to the foreign born and the native white of foreign or mixed parentage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hlf65AtQ9JMC&pg=PA380&dq=1920+Baltimore+Lithuanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=ezN0VLncAtTGsQS4n4HQDw&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q&f=false |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |page=380 |isbn= |accessdate=2014-11-25 }} 2. ^{{cite book |last=Durr |first=Kenneth D. |date=1998 |title="Why we are troubled": white working-class politics in Baltimore, 1940-1980 |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=QFx0VImtC9D9yQTRqoGgBg&id=Mg5YAAAAYAAJ&dq=%22Why+we+are+troubled%22%3A+white+working-class+politics+in+Baltimore%2C+1940-1980&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Lithuania |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=American University |page=23 |isbn= |accessdate=2015-05-31 }} 3. ^{{cite book |title= Behind the Backlash: White Working-Class Politics in Baltimore, 1940-1980|last= Durr|first= Kenneth D.|authorlink= |year= 2003|publisher= University of North Carolina Press|location= Chapel Hill, North Carolina|isbn= 0-8078-2764-9|page= 225|pages= |accessdate=February 13, 2014 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5aoVyB_BEIQC&pg=PA226&dq=Baltimore+Lithuanian&hl=en&sa=X&ei=tYD9UrzeEPLksAT6iIGQBQ&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-09-03/news/1991246013_1_lithuanian-estonian-ambre |title=U.S. recognition elates Md. Baltic community THE SOVIET CRISIS |publisher=The Baltimore Sun |accessdate=2014-05-15}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://planning.maryland.gov/msdc/census/cen2000/sf3/sumyprof/DP1_4/395240720.pdf |title=Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 |publisher= 2000 United States Census |accessdate=2014-02-13}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.infoplease.com/us/census/data/maryland/baltimore/social.html |title=Social Statistics Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=Infoplease |accessdate=2014-12-05}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=ACS_13_1YR_DP02&prodType=table |title=2013 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |publisher=American FactFinder |accessdate=2015-03-17}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wbaltv.com/blob/view/-/28121452/data/1/-/keonhqz/-/New-Americans-Task-Force-report-9-17-14.pdf |title=The Role of Immigrants in Growing Baltimore: Recommendations to Retain and Attract New Americans |publisher=WBAL-TV |accessdate=2014-10-31 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030060145/http://www.wbaltv.com/blob/view/-/28121452/data/1/-/keonhqz/-/New-Americans-Task-Force-report-9-17-14.pdf |archivedate=2014-10-30 |df= }} 9. ^1 {{Cite book |author=American Guide Series |title=Maryland: A Guide to the Old Line State |year=1940 |publisher=Federal Writers' Project |location=United States |isbn=0960362835 |oclc=814094}} 10. ^{{cite book |title= Baltimore: an illustrated history|last= Chapelle|first= Suzanne Ellery Greene|authorlink= |year= 2000|publisher= American Historical Press|location= Sun Valley, California|isbn= 1892724111|page= 160|pages= |url=}} 11. ^{{MHT url|id=1564|title=Maryland Historical Trust: Listing for Hollins-Roundhouse Historic District}} 12. ^{{cite book |title= New York & the Mid-Atlantic States|author1= Dana Facaros|author2= Michael Pauls|authorlink= |year= 1982|publisher= Regnery Gateway|location= Washington, D.C.|isbn=0895268566 |page= 79|pages= |url=}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.baltimorelac.org/history-of-establishment/?lang=en |title=History of Lithuanian Hall |publisher=Baltimore Lithuanian-American Community |accessdate=2011-11-28}} 14. ^{{cite encyclopedia |date=2008-06-30 |url=https://www.vle.lt/Straipsnis/Lietuviu-mokslo-draugyste-15408 |title=Lietuvių mokslo draugystė |encyclopedia=Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija |publisher=Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos centras |language=lt }} 15. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.stmarys.edu/archives/natl_parishes.pdf |title= Archdiocese of Baltimore National Parishes |publisher= St. Mary's Seminary and University |accessdate= 2014-02-13 |deadurl= yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235101/http://www.stmarys.edu/archives/natl_parishes.pdf |archivedate= 2013-12-02 |df= }} 16. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Baltimore.html |title=Virtual Jewish World: Baltimore, Maryland |publisher=Jewish Virtual Library |accessdate=2014-05-12}} 17. ^{{MHT url|id=1564|title=Maryland Historical Trust: Listing for Hollins-Roundhouse Historic District}} 18. ^{{cite book |title= New York & the Mid-Atlantic States|last= Facaros, Pauls|first= Dana, Michael|authorlink= |year= 1982|publisher= Regnery Gateway|location= Washington, D.C.|isbn=0895268566 |page= 79|pages= |url=}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://archives.ubalt.edu/amp/pdf/fisher%20-%20ethnic%20banking.pdf |title=Baltimore's Ethnic Building and Loan Associations, 1865-1914 |publisher=University of Baltimore |accessdate=2014-05-12}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www2.citypaper.com/news/story.asp?id=10542 |title=Stung by Honey |publisher=Baltimore City Paper |accessdate=2014-05-12}} 21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/36935/annual-baltimore-lithuanian-festival-is-to-take-place-this-weekend-201336935/ |title=Annual Baltimore Lithuanian festival is to take place this weekend |publisher=Lithuania Tribune |accessdate=2014-05-12 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513055156/http://www.lithuaniatribune.com/36935/annual-baltimore-lithuanian-festival-is-to-take-place-this-weekend-201336935/ |archivedate=2014-05-13 |df= }} Further reading
External links{{portal|Baltimore|Lithuania}}{{commons category|Lithuanian diaspora in Baltimore}}
4 : History of Baltimore|Lithuanian-American culture in Baltimore|Lithuanian-American history|Lithuanian-Jewish culture in Maryland |
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