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词条 HMCS Mayflower
释义

  1. Background

  2. Construction

  3. War service

     Royal Navy  Royal Canadian Navy  Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted 

  4. Post-war service

  5. References

  6. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2017}}{{Infobox ship image
Ship image=HMCS Mayflower 1942 MC-2589.jpgShip caption=HMCS Mayflower, circa 1942
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=Ship country= United KingdomUnited Kingdom|naval}}Ship name= MayflowerShip namesake= Maianthemum canadenseShip ordered= 20 January 1940Ship awarded=Ship builder= Canadian Vickers Ltd. Montreal, QuebecShip original cost=Ship yard number=Ship way number=Ship laid down= 20 February 1940Ship launched= 3 July 1940Ship sponsor=Ship christened=Ship completed=Ship acquired=Ship commissioned= 28 November 1940Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service= 15 May 1941 - loaned to CanadaShip renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification= Pennant number: K191Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours=Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate= Loaned to Canada 1941; returned 1945; scrapped 1949Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship career		Hide header=titleShip country=CanadaCanada|naval-1911}}Ship name= MayflowerShip namesake=Ship acquired= loaned from Royal NavyShip commissioned=15 May 1941Ship recommissioned=Ship decommissioned=Ship maiden voyage=Ship in service=Ship out of service= 31 May 1945Ship renamed=Ship reclassified=Ship refit=Ship struck=Ship reinstated=Ship homeport=Ship identification=Pennant number: K191Ship motto=Ship nickname=Ship honours= Atlantic 1941-43; Normandy 1944; English Channel 1945[1]Ship honors=Ship captured=Ship fate=Returned to the Royal Navy 31 May 1945Ship status=Ship notes=Ship badge=
}}{{Infobox ship characteristics		Hide header=Header caption=Flower|corvette}} (original)[2]925|LT|t ST|lk=in}}205|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}o/a33|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship height=11.5|ft|m|2|abbr=on}}Ship power=Ship propulsion=*single shaft
  • 2 × fire tube Scotch boilers
  • 1 × 4-cycle triple-expansion reciprocating steam engine
  • {{convert|2750|ihp|abbr=on}}
16|kn|km/h|1}}3500|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|12|kn|km/h|1}}Ship endurance=Ship complement=85Ship sensors=*1 × SW1C or 2C radar
  • 1 × Type 123A or Type 127DV sonar
Ship EW=4|in|mm|abbr=on|0}} Mk.IX single gun
  • 2 × .50 cal machine gun (twin)
  • 2 × Lewis .303 cal machine gun (twin)
  • 2 × Mk.II depth charge throwers
  • 2 × Depth charge rails with 40 depth charges
  • originally fitted with minesweeping gear, later removed
Ship armour=Ship notes=
}}

HMCS Mayflower was a {{sclass2-|Flower|corvette}} that served mainly in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War but began her service with the Royal Navy. She saw action primarily in the Battle of the Atlantic as an ocean escort. She was named after the flowering plant Maianthemum canadense.

Background

{{main|Flower-class corvette}}

Flower-class corvettes like Mayflower serving with the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War were different from earlier and more traditional sail-driven corvettes.[3][4][5] The "corvette" designation was created by the French as a class of small warships; the Royal Navy borrowed the term for a period but discontinued its use in 1877.[6] During the hurried preparations for war in the late 1930s, Winston Churchill reactivated the corvette class, needing a name for smaller ships used in an escort capacity, in this case based on a whaling ship design.[7] The generic name "flower" was used to designate the class of these ships, which – in the Royal Navy – were named after flowering plants.[8]

Construction

Mayflower was ordered 20 January 1940 for the Royal Navy as part of the 1939-1940 Flower-class building program. She was laid down on 20 February 1940 by Canadian Vickers Ltd. at Montreal and was launched on 3 July 1940.[9] She was commissioned on 28 November 1940 and sailed to the United Kingdom in February 1941 for completion on the Tyne River in May.[10] On 15 May 1941 Mayflower was one of ten corvettes loaned to Canada. She could be told apart from other Canadian Flowers by her lack of minesweeping gear and the siting of the after gun tub amidships.[11]

During her career, Mayflower had three significant refits. The first took place at Charleston, South Carolina from 9 December 1941 until February 1942. Her second major refit took place from 29 October 1942 until 11 January 1943 at Pictou, Nova Scotia. Mayflower{{'}}s final refit was done at Norfolk, Virginia from 29 November 1943 to 14 February 1944. During this refit, she had her fo'c'sle extended.[10]

War service

Royal Navy

After workups, Mayflower had a brief period under Royal Navy command. She was assigned to escort group EG 4 before being transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy.[10]

Royal Canadian Navy

After her transferral, Mayflower was assigned to Newfoundland Command in June 1941. With this force, she escorted convoys from St. John's to Iceland for the rest of the year with escort groups 19N and N16.[10] In her first month with the group, she was escorting convoy SC 44 when one of the other escorts, {{HMCS|Levis|K115|6}} was torpedoed. Mayflower evacuated all non-essential personnel from the derelict ship except for the damage-control party.[12] On 2 October 1941, Mayflower picked up 35 survivors from the British tanker San Florentino that was torpedoed and sunk by the {{GS|U-94|1940|6}}.[9]

After returning from refit in early 1942, she was deployed as an ocean escort under Mid-Ocean Escort Force (MOEF) command on convoys between St. John's and Derry. She continued performing this duty until April 1944. Mayflower was initially assigned to escort group A-3 in April 1942, but was transferred to C-3 in February 1943.[10]

In April 1944 she was assigned to Western Approaches Command to take part in Operation Neptune, the naval aspect of the invasion of Normandy. On 31 May 1944, she set out to escort the blockships from Oban, which would become part of the beachhead after D-day. After the invasion, Mayflower spent the rest of the war in the waters around the United Kingdom. She was returned to the Royal Navy 31 May 1945.

Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted

ConvoyEscort GroupDatesNotes
HX 13630 June-13 July 1941[13]Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 1438-17 Aug 1941[13]Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 821-25 Aug 1941[14]Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 4414-22 Sept 1941[15]Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 1927 Sept-6 Oct 1941[14]Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 4913-22 Oct 1941[15]Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 2928 Oct-11 Nov 1941[14]Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 5519 Nov-1 Dec 1941[15]Newfoundland to Iceland
ON 427-14 Dec 1941[14]Iceland to Newfoundland
SC 7122-25 Feb 1942[15]Newfoundland to Iceland
HX 1771–8 March 1942[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 7718–25 March 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 18412–20 April 1942[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 912–11 May 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 190MOEF group A320–27 May 1942[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 102MOEF group A310–21 June 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 196MOEF group A32–10 July 1942[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 114MOEF group A320–30 July 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 95MOEF group A38-18 Aug 1942[15]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 125MOEF group A329 Aug-7 Sept 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 100MOEF group A316-28 Sept 1942[15]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 135MOEF group A33-15 Oct 1942[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
Convoy SC 118WLEF27-31 Jan 1943[15]Halifax to Newfoundland
HX 226MOEF group C314-17 Feb 1943[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 172MOEF group C310–21 March 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
SC 124MOEF group C326 March-6 April 1943[15]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 180MOEF group C325 April-7 May 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 238MOEF group C313–21 May 1943[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 1872–10 June 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 24420–29 June 1943[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 19210–18 July 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
ONS 1621-29 Aug 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 2558-15 Sept 1943[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ONS 1927 Sept-9 Oct 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
HX 26117-25 Oct 1943[13]Newfoundland to Northern Ireland
ON 2107-17 Nov 1943[14]Northern Ireland to Newfoundland
ONS 22WLEF22 Nov 1943[14]Newfoundland to Halifax
ON 211WLEF26-29 Nov 1943[14]Newfoundland to Halifax

Post-war service

After her return to the Royal Navy, Mayflower was laid up at Grangemouth. She was sold for scrapping on 20 September 1949 and broken up at Inverkeithing.[10][16]

References

1. ^{{cite web |title= Battle Honours |url=http://www.britainsnavy.co.uk/Battle%20Honours/A%20Battle%20Honour%20Date.htm#1900 |website=Britain's Navy |accessdate=18 August 2013}}
2. ^{{Colledge|page=184}}
3. ^{{cite web |last=Ossian |first=Robert |url=http://www.thepirateking.com/ships/ship_types.htm |title=Complete List of Sailing Vessels |website=The Pirate King |accessdate=13 April 2011}}
4. ^{{cite book |editor-last=Fitzsimons |editor-first=Bernard |title=The Illustrated Encyclopedia of 20th Century Weapons & Warfare |location=London |publisher=Phoebus |date=1978 |volume=11 |pages=1137–1142 |isbn=}}
5. ^{{cite book |title=Jane's Fighting Ships of World War II |location=New Jersey |publisher=Random House |date=1996 |isbn=0-517-67963-9 |page=68}}
6. ^{{cite book |last=Blake |first=Nicholas |last2=Lawrence |first2=Richard |title=The Illustrated Companion to Nelson's Navy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=I59v6rkg8egC&pg=PA39 |publisher=Stackpole Books |date=2005 |pages=39–63 |isbn=0-8117-3275-4}}
7. ^{{cite book |last=Chesneau |first=Roger |last2=Gardiner |first2=Robert |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships (1922-1946) |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bJBMBvyQ83EC&pg=PA62 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |date=June 1980 |page=62 |isbn=0-87021-913-8}}
8. ^{{cite book |title=North Atlantic Run |last=Milner |first=Marc |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1985 |pages=117–119, 142–145, 158, 175–176, 226, 235, 285–291 |isbn=0-87021-450-0}}
9. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/854.html | work = Uboat.net | title = HMCS Mayflower (K 191) | accessdate = 18 August 2013}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Burgess |first2=John |year=1981 |title=The ships of Canada's naval forces 1910-1981 : a complete pictorial history of Canadian warships |publisher=Collins |location=Toronto|pages=80, 231–232 |isbn=0-00216-856-1}}
11. ^{{cite book |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Milner |first2=Marc |year=1993 |title=Corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy 1939-1945|publisher=Vanwell Publishing |location=St. Catharines |pages=|isbn= 0-92027-783-7}}
12. ^{{cite book |last=German |first=Tony |year=1990 |title=The Sea is at our Gates : The History of the Canadian Navy |publisher=McClelland and Stewart Inc. |location=Toronto |pages=108 |isbn=0-7710-3269-2}}
13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite web|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/hx/index.html|title=HX convoys|publisher=Andrew Hague Convoy Database|accessdate=2011-06-19}}
14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 {{cite web|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html|title=ON convoys|publisher=Andrew Hague Convoy Database|accessdate=2011-06-19}}
15. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web|url=http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/sc/index.html|title=SC convoys|publisher=Andrew Hague Convoy Database|accessdate=2011-06-19}}
16. ^{{csr|register=MSI|id=6111299|shipname=Mayflower|accessdate=13 July 2016}}

External links

  • Canadian Navy Heritage Project: Ship Technical Information
  • Canadian Navy Heritage Project: Photo Archive
{{Flower class corvette|original}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayflower, HMCS}}

4 : Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy|Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Canadian Navy|Flower-class corvettes of the Royal Navy|1940 ships
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