| 词条 | HMS Firm (1804) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Firm was a 12-gun Archer-class gun-brig of the Royal Navy, launched on 2 July 1804. She served in the Channel, where she engaged in one action that would eventually result in her crew qualifying for the Naval General Service Medal. She grounded in 1811 and her crew had to destroy her before abandoning her. Service historyLieutenant Cornellius Collett commissioned Firm in July or August 1804.[2] On 9 January 1805 she left on a cruise.[3] Early in the morning of 24 April 1805, {{HMS|Leda|1800|6}} sighted twenty-six French vessels rounding Cap Gris Nez. Honyman immediately ordered {{HMS|Fury|1790|2}}, Harpy, {{HMS| Railleur|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Bruiser|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Gallant|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Archer|1801|2}}, {{HMS| Locust|1801|2}}, {{HMS|Tickler|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Watchful|1804|2}}, {{HMS|Monkey|1801|2}}, Firm, and {{HMS|Starling|1805|2}} to intercept. After a fight of about two hours, Starling and Locust had captured seven armed schuyts in an action within pistol-shot of the shore batteries on Cap Gris Nez.[4][5] The schuyts were all of 25 to 28 tons burthen, and carried in all 117 soldiers and 43 seamen under the command of officers from the 51st Infantry Regiment. The French convoy had been bound for Ambleteuse from Dunkirk. On the British side the only casualty was one man wounded on Archer. The seven schyuts were:[4]
The next day Archer brought in two more schuyts, No.s 44 and 58, each armed with one 24-pounder and two 12-pounders.[4] On 25 April 1805 Railleur towed eight of the French schuyts into the Downs. Starling, which had received a great deal of damage, followed Railleur in. As part of the British squadron, Firm shared in the prize money for eight Dutch armed schuyts (No.'s 43, 44, 45, 48, 52, 54, 57, and 58) and the unarmed Transport No.3.[6] At the end of April 1806 Firm detained and sent into Dover both the Danish galiot Mercurius, and the Prussian Mercurius.[7] On 28 August 1807, Firm, still under Collett's command, captured the Dutch vessel Baer.[8] Firm was paid off later that year. Lieutenant Henry Montressor recommissioned her in April 1808.[2]Lieutenant John Little assumed command of Firm in August 1808. She was under the orders of Commodore Philippe d'Auvergne, and was stationed at Guernsey. There he helped people secretly communicating with supporters of the House of Bourbon.[9][10] On 6 January 1809 Firm captured the St Jean and the Amies.[11] Ten months later, on 15 October 1809 Firm captured the Danish galiot Dageraag.[12] On 20 April 1810 the boats of Firm, {{HMS|Surly|1806|2}}, and {{HMS|Sharpshooter|1805 |2}}, under the command of Lieutenant Hodgkins of Firm, and Mr Lagaw, 2nd Master of Sharpshooter, cut out the French privateer cutter Alcide from the mouth of the Pirou River, where she had taken refuge after the British vessels had chased her. Alcide was moored under the protection of 400 troops on shore, who kept up an incessant fire while the boarding party carried her. Alcide had thrown her four 4-pounder guns overboard during the chase to lighten her. One man was killed and another wounded, both from Firm.[13] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with the clasps "Firm 24 April 1810" and "Surly 24 April 1810", to all survivors of the action. Firm was at Jersey in July. There Little saved a marine by jumping into the water to rescue him.[9]In October 1810 Firm detained and sent into Portsmouth the Christiana Elizabeth, Hamphall, master, a Swedish vessel sailing from Buenos Ayres.[14] On 12 March 1811 Firm and {{HMS|Challenger|1806|2}} were off the Île de Batz, with the rest of the British blockading squadron hull down on the horizon. Firm and Challenger sighted two strange sails, which turned out to be the French frigates Prégel and Revanche. Challenger sent Firm to carry the news to the nearest British port, while trying to sail so as to draw the French vessels towards the rest of the British squadron. After a chase of three hours and the loss of two men killed on Challenger, the French frigates succeeded in capturing her; they then evaded the British squadron and took Challenger into Le Conquet.[15] On 28 June 1811, in company with the {{HMS|Fylla|1807|2}}, she attacked two praams off Granville. The praams were attempting to drive off British boats that were reconnoitering, but were then unable to return to harbour. The praams were in water too shallow for Firm to approach and she was unable to engage them with much effect. The following night, while wearing round to sail out of Cancalle Bay, Firm grounded at the top of high water. Her crew set her on fire to avoid the French capturing her. Fylla took Lt. Little, his officers, and crew to Jersey.[16] A court martial acquitted him of blame.[9] See also
Notes, citations and referencesNotes1. ^{{London Gazette|date=26 January 1849|issue=20939|page=243}} Ctations{{Reflist|30em}}References2. ^1 2 Winfield (2008), p.339. 3. ^Naval Chronicle, Vol. 13, p.83. 4. ^1 2 {{London Gazette|pages=553–554|issue=15800|date=23 April 1805}} 5. ^A schuyt was a Dutch flat-bottomed sailboat, broad in the beam, with square stern; usually equipped with leeboards to serve for a keel. 6. ^{{London Gazette|date=9 August 1806|issue=15944|page=1053}} 7. ^Lloyd's List, no.4049, - accessed 2 March 2015. 8. ^{{London Gazette|date=2 March 1816|issue=17115|page=410}} 9. ^1 2 Marshall (1835), Vol. 4, Part 2, p.73-4. 10. ^ Marshall (1835), Vol. 4, Part 2, p. 73-4. 11. ^{{London Gazette|date=20 April 1809|issue=16258|page=721}} 12. ^{{London Gazette|date=3 November 1812|issue=16664|page=2221}} 13. ^{{London Gazette|date=28 April 1810|issue=16365|page=631}} 14. ^Lloyd's List, no. 4505, - accessed 2 March 2015. 15. ^Hepper (1994), p. 136. 16. ^Naval Chronicle, Vol. 26, pp.53-4.
5 : 1804 ships|Ships built on the River Medway|Brigs of the Royal Navy|Shipwrecks in the English Channel|Maritime incidents in 1811 |
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