| 词条 | HMS Matchless (G52) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Matchless was a M-class destroyer built during World War II. She served two commissions with the Royal Navy: from February 1942 to August 1944 and from August 1944 to April 1946. She was then held in reserve until August 1957 and eventually sold to the Turkish Navy, who renamed her TCG Kılıç Ali Paşa. She was struck from the Turkish Navy list and scrapped in 1971. AdoptionsMaidenhead Borough Council in Berkshire officially adopted HMS Matchless after holding a Warship Week in March 1942 that raised £550,296.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} A ship's badge was presented to the borough in September 1942.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Associated Motor Cycles in southeast London, which made Matchless motorcycles, unofficially adopted the ship in 1943.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} After the Battle of the North Cape in December 1943 her battle flag and other mementoes were presented to the company. ServiceScapa FlowMatchless undertook sea trials in the Firth of Clyde and then joined the Home Fleet at Scapa Flow for crew training in gunnery and torpedo attacks.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Her first active service was on an Arctic convoy to Murmansk and the Kola Inlet.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} On 13 May 1942 she was one of four destroyers that sailed from Murmansk escorting the light cruiser {{HMS|Trinidad|46|2}}, which had been damaged during a previous convoy and partially repaired for her homeward voyage. On 15 May 20 Ju 88 bombers attacked the flotilla and one bomb set Trinidad on fire and crippled her. Matchless rescued over 200 survivors and then scuttled Trinidad by torpedoing her.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} MaltaIn June 1942 Matchless took part in Operation Harpoon:{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} a heavily armed convoy to relieve the besieged island of Malta. The convoy sailed from Gibraltar on 12 June and Matchless was damaged by a mine off Malta on 15 June. This forced her to remain in Malta for repairs, where she survived 265 air raids.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} In August she sailed from Malta disguised as an Italian warship.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} She reached Gibraltar just in time to join Operation Pedestal, which was the next convoy to relieve Malta.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Arctic ConvoysAfter Operation Pedestal, Matchless escorted two successful Arctic convoys from Loch Ewe to the Kola Inlet: JW 51A in December 1942 and JW 51B in December and January. In May and June 1943 Matchless escorted the ocean liner {{RMS|Queen Mary}} part-way across the North Atlantic while the liner was carrying Winston Churchill to the United States.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} She then escorted further Arctic convoys: JW 54B in November 1943 and JW 55A in December 1943. Sinking ScharnhorstOn 24–25 December 1943 Matchless was returning from the Kola Inlet escorting Convoy RA 55A when she and three other destroyers were ordered to detach from that convoy and join a JW convoy heading for Russia. It was believed the German battleship {{ship|German battleship|Scharnhorst||2}} might be on the point of leaving her Norwegian fjord base to attack the convoys. On Christmas Day came a message that the 10th Cruiser Squadron consisting of {{HMS|Belfast|C35|2}}, {{HMS|Norfolk|78|2}} & {{HMS|Sheffield|C24|2}}, under Vice Admiral Robert Burnett had been in action against Scharnhorst. Her mission was to attack the convoys, but she had been ordered to avoid battle with heavy Allied units. Accordingly, she disengaged from the cruisers and with her superior speed was soon out of contact. Vice-Admiral Burnett believed she might be heading north to attack the convoys: Acting on that assumption he also headed north & on Boxing Day did in fact make contact again, with exchange of shots, during which the Norfolk was hit. Scharnhorst disengaged again and headed south for the safety of her Altafjord base. The cruisers & destroyers took up a shadowing role. Burnett was aware that a heavier Royal Navy force commanded by Admiral Bruce Fraser aboard the battleship {{HMS|Duke of York|17|2}} was steaming from the west to intercept her. Admiral Erich Bey aboard Scharnhorst was not aware. About 5.15pm the black of the winter Arctic night was lit up as bright as day by starshells, & the battle began in earnest. Outnumbered, outgunned, surrounded, her retreat cut off, there could be only one end. She was weakened first by shellfire from Duke of York, then by torpedoes from the cruiser {{HMS|Jamaica|44|2}}, British and Norwegian destroyers. Finally the destroyer detachment from Convoy JW 55A, including Matchless, closed in and sank Scharnhorst with a further 19 torpedoes going under around 7.15pm. Only 36 survivors were recovered; Matchless picking up six of them. Return to Home FleetAfter the battle, Matchless returned to Scapa Flow, resumed duties with the Home Fleet and performed escort duties including further Arctic convoys until August 1944.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} She was then paid off in Hull, but after repairs and a re-fit she was recommissioned later the same month.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Matchless saw further service in the Mediterranean until 1945, and was then decommissioned in April 1946.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Laid UpMatchless was then laid up off Portchester Castle in Hampshire where she was held in reserve until at least 1957. Along with three other ships of the same class she was transferred to the Turkish Navy as part of an agreement signed at Ankara on 16 August 1957. They underwent a refit which involved the removal of the after set of torpedo tubes and some secondary armament. They received a new deckhouse and Squid anti-submarine weapons system. On 29 June 1959 they were handed over at Portsmouth. Matchless, which was refitted at Harland & Wolff's shipyard at Govan, Glasgow, was commissioned as TCG Kılıç Ali Paşa{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} (D-350) after an Italian-born 16th century Turkish admiral, Uluç Ali Reis (1519–87).[1]{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}}She served in the Turkish Navy until 1971, when she was struck from the list and scrapped.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} HeritageAfter the war an HMS Matchless Association was formed to unite personnel who had served aboard her.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} The ship's badge that was presented to Maidenhead Borough Council in 1942 has since been lost.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} For a time the ship's battle flag from the Battle of the North Cape hung in the Directors' Office at Associated Motor Cycles' factory in Plumstead.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} The flag, along with a photograph of the ship and a letter from her commanding officer, Lieutenant Commander J. Mowlam, were lost after AMC went into receivership in 1966.{{sfn|Redford|2012|p=18}} Notes1. ^Blackman, Raymond V B, Jane's Fighting Ships 1963-4, Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd, London, p248 References
4 : L and M-class destroyers of the Royal Navy|Ships built on the River Clyde|1941 ships|World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom |
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