| 词条 | HMS Rattler (1783) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
HMS Rattler was a 16-gun Echo-class sloop of the Royal Navy. Launched in March 1783, she saw service in the Leeward Islands and Nova Scotia before being paid off in 1792 and sold to whaling company Samuel Enderby & Sons. She made two voyages as a whaler and two as a slave ship before she was condemned in the Americas as unseaworthy in 1802. ConstructionRattler was one of six Echo-class sloops constructed in the early 1780s, principally for service in the imperial colonies. She was ordered in December 1781, to be constructed at Sandgate by shipwright Francis C. Willson, and launched on 22 March 1783.[1]Construction costs were £7,211, comprising £3,572 in builder's fees, £3,182 for fittings and £457 in dockyard expenses.[1]{{efn|This equates to a historic opportunity cost of £815,300 in 2014 terms.[3]}} Rattler was built to the same technical drawings as the five other Echo-class ships, namely Brisk (1784), {{HMS|Calypso|1783|2}} (1783), Echo (1782), Nautilus (1784), and Scorpion (1785). The class was designed to be 16-gun ship sloops with quarterdecks and forecastles.[4]All the Echo-class used the same plans for frame,[5] inboard profile,[6] lines,[7] stern,[8] and upper and lower decks Caribbean serviceRattler was commissioned in April 1783 for service in the British Leeward Islands under Commander Wilfred Collingwood, assisting in enforcement of Great Britain's Navigation Acts against American trading vessels. On arrival in the Caribbean, Rattler joined the British fleet under the command of Captain Horatio Nelson, and including {{HMS|Mediator|1782|6}} which was captained by Wilfred Collingwood's brother Cuthbert.[9]In 1787 she was laid up to remove her copper bottom and replace it with wooden sheathing, despite the weaker protection this offered against infestation by shipworm.[1] While the ship was being refitted Commander Collingwood was taken ill and died en route to a Grenada hospital on 21 April 1787.[10] Rattler returned to sea later in April under Lieutenant James Wallis.[1] After six months service returned to Britain for further refit and repair she was paid off.[1] Rattler was recommissioned in October 1789 under Lieutenant William Hope. He sailed her for Nova Scotia on 26 March 1790. In June 1790 Commander Jeremiah Beale replaced Hope.[1]Disposal: Rattler was paid off in 1792. She was sold at Woolwich to Messrs. Enderby & Sons on 6 September 1792.[1]Mercantile serviceRattler underwent refitting in Perry's Blackwall Ship Yard. 1st whaling voyage (1792–1794): Captain McCowen sailed from London on 12 November 1792. She left Portsmouth on 2 January 1793, bound for waters off Peru. Captain James Colnett replaced McCowen at some point. Rattler returned to England on 18 November 1794. Rattler returned with a poor cargo of only 48 tuns of sperm oil but with a detailed chart of the western side of South America and the Galapagos.[11]Enderby's sold Rattler and new owners sailed her as a slave ship. 1st slaving voyage (1795–1796): Captain Robert Bibby sailed from London on 27 April 1795. Rattler arrived at the Gold Coast on 3 July 1795. She loaded slaves at Cape Coast Castle and Anomabu and left Africa on 9 April 1796. She arrived at Kingston on 18 June. There she landed 468 slaves. She arrived back at London on 16 October.[12]2nd whaling voyage (1798–1800): Captain Sinclair Halcrow acquired a letter of marque on 23 December 1797.[2] He sailed from England in 1798. He returned to London on 24 June 1800.[11]2nd slaving voyage (1800–1801): Captain Thomas Wilson acquired a letter of marque on 17 November 1800.[2] He sailed from England on 25 December, bound for the Gold Coast.[12] He returned to Falmouth after having been chased on 1 February 1801 off Finisterre and having been forced to separate from his convoy and escort, {{HMS|Fly|1793|6}}/[13]Rattler arrived there on 1 April 1801. She loaded slaves at Cape Coast Castle and Accra and delivered them to Demerara, where she arrived in October. She landed some 280-300 slaves.[12] Rattler, late Wilson master, sailed from Demerara for London but around the end of January 1802 had to put into Grenada leaky. There she unloaded her cargo.[14]FateRattler was condemned at Grenada as unseaworthy.[15] The Register of Shipping for 1802 carries the annotation "Condemned" by her name.[16]Notes{{notelist}}Citations1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Winfield (2007), p.287. 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 Letter of Marque, p.83 - accessed 25 July 2017. 3. ^{{cite web| title =Purchasing Power of British Pounds from 1264 to Present | publisher =MeasuringWorth | month = | year =2009 | url = http://www.measuringworth.com/ppoweruk/ | accessdate =14 August 2014}} 4. ^Plan showing the inboard profile, upper deck, and lower deck 5. ^Frame plan 6. ^Inboard profile plan 7. ^Lines plan 8. ^Stern plan 9. ^Tracy 2006, p.90. 10. ^Letter from Captain Horatio Nelson to Captain Cuthbert Collingwood, 3 May 1787, cited in Newnham Collingwood 1828, p. 12. 11. ^1 [https://whalinghistory.org/bv/voyages/ British Southern Whale Fishery voyages: Rattler.] 12. ^1 2 Trans Atlantic slave Trade database voyages: Rattler. 13. ^[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735020?urlappend=%3Bseq=31 Lloyd's List №41w4.] 14. ^[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735020?urlappend=%3Bseq=271 Lloyd's List № 4245.] 15. ^[https://hdl.handle.net/2027/uc1.c2735020?urlappend=%3Bseq=297 Lloyd's List №4258.] 16. ^1 2 [https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015021233575?urlappend=%3Bseq=424 Register of Shipping (1802), Seq.№54.] References{{refbegin}}
5 : Sloops of the Royal Navy|1783 ships|Age of Sail merchant ships of England|Whaling ships|Slave ships |
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