词条 | Roger Garaudy |
释义 |
|region = Western philosophy |era = 20th/21st-century philosophy |image = |caption = |name = Roger Garaudy |birth_date = {{birth date|1913|7|17|df=yes}} |birth_place = Marseille, France |death_date = {{death date and age|2012|6|13|1913|7|17|df=yes}} |death_place = Paris, France |nationality = French |religion = Protestantism Catholicism Islam |alma_mater = |school_tradition = Marxist philosophy |notable_ideas = |influences = |influenced = }}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2011}}Roger Garaudy, later Ragaa Garaudy[1] ({{IPA-fr|gaʁodi|lang}}; 17 July 1913 – 13 June 2012)[2][3] was a French philosopher, French resistance fighter and a prominent communist author. He converted to Islam in 1982. In 1998, he was prosecuted for Holocaust denial under French law for claiming that the death of six million Jews was a "myth."[3][4][5] BiographyRoger Garaudy was born in Marseille. During World War II, Garaudy joined the French Resistance, for which he was imprisoned in Djelfa, Algeria, as a prisoner of war of Vichy France.[6] Garaudy converted to Islam in 1982 after marrying a Palestinian woman, later writing that "The Christ of Paul is not the Jesus of the Bible," and also forming other critical scholarly conclusions regarding the Old and New Testaments. As a Muslim he adopted the name "Ragaa"[1] and became a prominent Islamic commentator and supporter of the Palestinian cause. Political and academic careerFollowing the war, Garaudy joined the French Communist Party. As a political candidate he succeeded in being elected to the National Assembly and eventually rose to the position of deputy speaker, and later senator. Garaudy lectured in the faculty of arts department of the University of Clermont-Ferrand from 1962-1965. Due to controversies between Garaudy and Michel Foucault, Garaudy left. He later taught in Poitiers from 1969-1972.[3] Garaudy remained a Christian and eventually re-converted to Catholicism during his political career. He was befriended by one of France's most prominent clerics of the time, the Abbé Pierre, who in later years supported Garaudy, even regarding the latter's most controversial views.[7] In 1970, Garaudy was expelled from the Communist Party following his outspoken criticism of the 1968 Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.[8] Garaudy wrote more than 50 books, mainly on political philosophy and Marxism. Holocaust denial{{Main|The Founding Myths of Modern Israel}}In 1996 Garaudy[9] published, with his editor Pierre Guillaume, the work Les Mythes fondateurs de la politique israelienne (literally, The Founding Myths of Israeli Politics), later translated into English as The Founding Myths of Modern Israel. In the book he wrote of "the myth of the six million" Jewish victims of the Holocaust.[10] Because of this breach of French law concerning Holocaust denial, the courts banned any further publication and on 27 February 1998 fined him 240,000 French francs. He was sentenced to a suspended jail sentence of several years. Garaudy appealed this decision to the European Court of Human Rights, but his appeal was rejected as inadmissible.[10][11] At his hearing, Garaudy stated that his book in no way condoned National Socialist methods, and that book was an attack on the mythologizing and use of "the holocaust" by Israeli government as policy. He argued that his book dealt with the Israeli government's use of "the holocaust" as a "justifying dogma" for its actions, mainly in Palestine and toward Palestinians.[12] Support from the Islamic WorldIn the Islamic Republic of Iran, 160 members of the parliament signed a petition in Garaudy's support. Senior Iranian officials invited him to Tehran and received him warmly. Iranian leaders condemned Israel and the West for bringing Garaudy to trial. Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei cited Garaudy for his work in exposing the Zionists’ "Nazi-like behavior."[13] Iranian President Mohammad Khatami described Garaudy as "a thinker" and "a believer" who was brought to trial merely for publishing research which was "displeasing to the West.".[14][15] Garaudy has been praised throughout the Islamic World:
Later activities and deathIn later interviews, Garaudy stated that the attacks of 11 September 2001 were organized by the United States government. He also repeated his claim on the Holocaust, stating that it was "invented as a myth by Churchill, Eisenhower and De Gaulle" to justify the destruction and occupation of Germany.[20] In December 2006, Garaudy was unable to attend the International Conference to Review the Global Vision of the Holocaust in Tehran, Iran due to health reasons. He reportedly sent a videotaped message supporting Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's view that Israel should cease to exist.[21][22] Roger Garaudy died in Paris on 13 June 2012, aged 98. Praise for Garaudy after his deathFollowing his death in June 2012, Garaudy subsequently received praise from a number of sources (as translated by MEMRI):
WorksPublished in English language
See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Islamic Arabic Heritage: Connection between Past and Present|url=http://www.islam.gov.kw/eng/meet_consult/print_contents.php?ID=237%27|work=|publisher=Ministry of Awqaf and Islamic Affairs - Kuwait|accessdate=17 June 2012}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18455068|title=French philosopher Roger Garaudy dies|date=15 June 2012}} 3. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20120615-french-resistance-holocaust-denial-roger-garaudy-dies-98|author=Tony Cross|title=From French resistance to Holocaust denial - Roger Garaudy dies at 98|publisher=RFI English|date=15 June 2012}} 4. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M9Uj6u6b-ZIC&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=garaudy+denial&source=bl&ots=COSo8tCere&sig=Qdmvapr6U8AVi1WE5NK57lvoPEI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAmoVChMIzOip4LzJyAIVwbYeCh2rqwow#v=onepage&q=garaudy%2520denial&f=false|title=Holocaust Denial as an International Movement|last=Atkins|first=Stephen E.|date=2009-01-01|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313345388|language=en}} 5. ^Simon Epstein, Roger Garaudy, Abbé Pierre, and the French Negationists", in: Robert S. Wistrich (editor), Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy, De Gruyter with Magnes Press (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), 2012, pp 85-107, {{ISBN|9783110288148}} [https://books.google.com/books?id=BfQoxsH9bbwC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=garaudy+denial&source=bl&ots=wyq3g5lcEI&sig=RHid3-jx7nkWn_F_vY9iE_DtrxU&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDAQ6AEwA2oVChMIzOip4LzJyAIVwbYeCh2rqwow#v=onepage&q=garaudy%20denial&f=false] 6. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.amazon.com/The-Founding-Myths-Modern-Israel/dp/0939484757|title=The Founding Myths of Modern Israel|last=Garaudy|first=Roger|date=2000-11-01|publisher=Inst for Historical Review|isbn=9780939484751|location=Newport Beach, CA|language=English}} 7. ^"Ce qui a fait chuter l'abbé Pierre", L'Express, 02-05-1996, (in French). 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v18/v18n4p31_okeefe.html|title=Origin and Enduring Impact of the 'Garaudy Affair'|website=www.ihr.org|access-date=2017-06-14}} 9. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/africa/20120615-french-resistance-holocaust-denial-roger-garaudy-dies-98|title=From French resistance to Holocaust denial - Roger Garaudy dies at 98 - Africa - RFI|date=2012-06-15|language=en-GB|access-date=2016-07-18}} 10. ^1 {{cite web|title=Writer fined for 'holocaust' writings|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/60742.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=8 July 2013|date=February 27, 1998}} 11. ^Inadmissibility Decision in the Case of Garaudy v. France, European Court of Human Rights, July 7. 2003. 12. ^{{cite web|title=Writer fined for holocaust writings|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/60742.stm|work=BBC News|publisher=bbc.co.uk|accessdate=8 July 2013|date=27 February 1998}} 13. ^IRNA, 20 April 1998 − DR. 14. ^Tehran TV, 19 Jan. 1998 − DR. 15. ^Iran, the Jews and the Holocaust {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090201190443/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2005/menashri.html |date=1 February 2009 }} by David Menashri (Professor in the Department of Middle Eastern and African History, Director of the Center of Iranian Studies and Incumbent of the Parviz and Pouran Nazarian Chair for Modern Iranian Studies, Tel Aviv University). 16. ^[https://www.scribd.com/doc/39671095/Islam-Winners-King-Faisal-Award The King Faisal International Prize - Winners in Twenty Five Years (1979-2003)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029212419/http://www.scribd.com/doc/39671095/Islam-Winners-King-Faisal-Award |date=29 October 2013 }}, page 25. 17. ^Hizbullah Leader Nasrallah: Implementing Khomeini's Fatwa against Salman Rushdie Would Have Prevented Current Insults to Prophet Muhammad; Great French Philosopher Garaudy Proved Holocaust a Myth, MEMRI – Special Dispatch #1088, 7 February 2006.(retrieved on 15 December 2008.) 18. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/International/European-Islamic-group-praises-Holocaust-denier|title=European Islamic group praises Holocaust-denier - International news - Jerusalem Post|website=www.jpost.com|access-date=2018-12-16}} 19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://fioe.org/fioe-mourns-prominent-thinker-roger-garaudy|title=Federation of Islamic Organisations in Europe {{!}} FIOE mourns the prominent thinker, Roger Garaudy|website=fioe.org|access-date=2018-12-16}} 20. ^1 Roger Garaudy: Itinéraire d'une négation {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090224180036/http://asharq-e.com/news.asp?section=8 |date=24 February 2009 }} book Review by Amir Taheri, Asharq Alawsat Newspaper (English), 4 November 2007. 21. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.thejewishweek.com/news/news-brief/real-challenge-middle-east-ideology|title=The Jewish Week {{!}} Connecting the World to Jewish News, Culture, and Opinion|date=2015-04-29|website=The Jewish Week {{!}} Connecting The World To Jewish News, Culture & Opinion|access-date=2016-07-18}} 22. ^{{Cite web|url=http://english.aawsat.com/2007/04/article55263073/roger-garaudy|title=Roger Garaudy - ASHARQ AL-AWSAT|last=Al-awsat|first=Asharq|date=2007-04-10|language=en-US|access-date=2016-07-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304103200/http://english.aawsat.com/2007/04/article55263073/roger-garaudy|archive-date=4 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 23. ^Organizations, Academics And Columnists In Arab World And Iran Mourn Holocaust Denier Roger Garaudy, MEMRI, Special Dispatch No.4817, 2 July 2012. Further reading
External links
30 : 1913 births|2012 deaths|20th-century French philosophers|21st-century French writers|21st-century philosophers|Anti-Zionism|Communist members of the French Resistance|Converts to Islam|Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic|French Communist Party politicians|French former Christians|French Holocaust deniers|French male writers|French Muslims|French political philosophers|French prisoners of war in World War II|French Senators of the Fifth Republic|King Faisal International Prize recipients for Service to Islam|Marxist theorists|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)|Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)|People convicted of Holocaust denial offenses|People from Marseille|Politicians from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur|Prix des Deux Magots winners|Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)|Senators of Seine (department)|University of Poitiers faculty|World War II prisoners of war held by Vichy France |
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