| 词条 | Homona coffearia |
| 释义 |
| image = Homona coffearia.jpg | image_caption = | image2 = | image2_caption = | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Lepidoptera | familia = Tortricidae | genus = Homona | species = H. coffearia | binomial = Homona coffearia | binomial_authority = (Nietner, 1861) | synonyms =
}}Homona coffearia, the tea tortrix[1] or camellia tortrix, is a moth of the family Tortricidae. The species was first described by Nietner in 1861.[2] It is widely distributed in the Oriental region.[3] DescriptionThe wingspan is 16–20 mm for males and about 23 mm for females. The ground colour of the forewings in males is greyish brown, with brown markings and a darker spot at the costa. The hindwings are dark fuscous. In females, the forewings are pale brown, almost without distinct markings. Adults are on wing between December and April in Sri Lanka.[4] There are two generations per year in China with adults appearing in late May. EcologyThe larvae feed on Acacia auriculiformis, Arachis hypogaea, Bauhinia, Cajanus indicus, Calophyllum inophyllum, Camellia sinensis, Cinnamomum, Citrus, Coffea,[5] Crotalaria, Derris, Eucalyptus alba, Eugenia polyantha, Glochidion, Gossypium, Linum, Melochia indica, Nephelium, Pluchea indica and Pyrus.[6] Newly hatched larvae mostly move upwards to the growing points of their host plant and begin feeding. From the second to the fifth and final instar, they make nests by webbing two or more leaves together. A single larva usually makes several nests. Pupation takes place within the final nest. Life cycleThe tea tortrix has a life cycle which takes about 35 to 49 days to complete. Immediately after copulation, adult females lay 100 to 150 clusters of egg on the surface of the leaves of host plant. Eggs are scaly and minute with overlapping appearance. After 6 to 8 days of laying, larvae hatch from the eggs. Larvae complete five instars and become fully grown after 3 to 4 weeks. Fully grown caterpillar is about 22 mm in length. Pupation occurs in the folds of the leaves. After 6–8 days of pupal life, adult emerges.[7] ControlAdults can be mechanically removed by hand and light traps. Parasite Macrocentrus homonae[8] used successfully in tea estates of Sri Lanka and India. In Sri Lanka, egg parasitoid Trichogramma erosicornis was used but results were not encouraging. New Guinea effectively used Theronia simillima and Camptotypus clotho to control the caterpillars and adults. Several chemical pesticides such as aminocarb, fenitrothion and formothion are effective, but they also destroy natural enemies of the moth.[9] References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/27580 |title=Homona coffearia (tea tortrix) |publisher=Cabi |accessdate=29 July 2018}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/details/species/id/3ac3d60fa7a7efb59a7b43d0a87e5ab0 |title=Species Details: Homona coffearia Nietner, 1861 |website=Catalogue of Life |accessdate=29 July 2018}} 3. ^Tortricidae (Lepidoptera) Collected in Taiwan, with Description of one new genus and eight new species {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414191634/http://www.sinica.edu.tw/zool/zoolstud/39.4/319-327.pdf |date=2012-04-14}} 4. ^Eurasian Tortricidae 5. ^{{cite journal |last=Diakonoff |first=A. |date=1982 |url=http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/149137 |title=On a Collection of Some Families of Micro-Lepidoptera from Sri Lanka (Ceylon) |journal=Zoologische Verhandelingen |volume=193 |pages=1–124 |via=Naturalis Biodiversity Center}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nbair.res.in/insectpests/Homona-coffearia.php |title=Homona coffearia (Nietner) |publisher=CAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources |accessdate=11 March 2017}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/zoology/flush-worm-homona-coffearia-distribution-life-cycle-and-control/24072 |title=Flush Worm (Homona coffearia): Distribution , Life Cycle and Control |publisher=yourarticlelibrary|accessdate=28 July 2018|date=2014-01-20 }} 8. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19740519080 |title=Tea tortrix (Homona coffearia Nietner) in Sri Lanka |publisher=Tea Research Institute of Ceylon|accessdate=28 July 2018}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.plantwise.org/KnowledgeBank/Datasheet.aspx?dsid=27580 |title=Plantwise Technical Factsheet - tea tortrix (Homona coffearia) |publisher=Plantwise Knowledge Bank|accessdate=28 July 2018}} External links
2 : Moths described in 1861|Homona (genus) |
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