| 词条 | Ashley Chadbourne McKinley |
| 释义 |
| name =Ashley Chadbourne McKinley | image = | caption = | birth_date = {{Birth date |1896|06|23}} | death_date = {{Death date and age|1970|02|11|1896|06|23}} | placeofburial_label = | placeofburial = Arlington National Cemetery | birth_place = Marshall, Texas | death_place = Florida | placeofburial_coordinates = | nickname = | allegiance = United States of America | branch = National Guard United States Army United States Air Force | serviceyears = 1916–1926 1941–1956 | rank = Colonel | unit = | commands = | battles = | awards = Distinguished Flying Cross | relations = | laterwork = }}Ashley Chadbourne McKinley (June 23, 1896 in Marshall, Texas – February 11, 1970) was an accomplished American aerial photographer and colonel in the U.S. Army Air Corps who helped pioneer aviation at subzero temperatures. He accompanied Richard E. Byrd as an aerial photographer on his expedition to the South Pole.[1] Early careerMcKinley joined Battery A of the Missouri National Guard on June 21, 1916 and served on the Mexican Border until December 21 of the same year. Following the United States' entry into the First World War, he enlisted in the United States Army Signal Corps on August 7, 1917 and became a dirigible pilot. He was commissioned as a 1st lieutenant in the Officer's Reserve Corps on December 7, 1917 to date from November 27. He was placed on active duty on December 16, 1917. During World War I, he commanded a balloon observation company. He later taught aerial photography and surveying. He was promoted to the rank of captain on November 20, 1918, shortly after the armistice.[1] Interwar periodDue to the post war draw down, McKinley's appointment as captain was vacated and he was made a 2nd lieutenant in the Army Air Service on September 21, 1920 (to rank from July 1, 1920). He was promoted to 1st lieutenant on April 12, 1921.[2] On April 3, 1926, McKinley resigned from the Army to begin an aerial surveying and photography service. In 1928–1929, he was a photographer for the Byrd Antarctic Expedition. He was one of four men aboard the first aircraft to fly over the South Pole on November 29, 1929.[1] He was decorated with the Distinguished Flying Cross by Secretary of War Patrick J. Hurley on July 9, 1930.[3] World War IIIn 1941, as the United States prepared to enter the Second World War, McKinley rejoined the Army Air Corps as a major. He was in charge of the cold-weather operations of the Army Air Force at Ladd Field in Fairbanks, Alaska. McKinley was the first person to suggest that U.S. aircraft be constructed to operate in subzero temperatures and that the Air Force should build a facility to test aircraft in subzero temperatures. He was transferred to Eglin Field for the construction of the facility. He had risen to the rank of colonel by the war's end in 1945. Post warMcKinley transferred from the Army to the newly created United States Air Force in 1947. He served in Korea in 1951 during the Korean War with the rank of colonel. RetirementAfter retiring from the Air Force as a colonel on June 30, 1956, McKinley worked as a civilian consultant to Admiral Richard Byrd. In 1959 he became a member of the Florida Society of the Sons of the American Revolution.[4] Colonel McKinley died in Florida and is buried in Arlington National Cemetery.[1] LegacyIn June 1971, the McKinley Climatic Laboratory at Eglin Air Force Base was named in his honor.[1][5] Books and film
Awards
Distinguished Flying Cross citationThe President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 2, 1926, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Flying Cross to Captain (Air Corps) Ashley C. McKinley, U.S. Army Air Corps (Reserve), for extraordinary achievement while participating in an aerial flight as aerial photographer for the 1928 – 1930 Byrd Antarctic Expedition. Capitan McKinley, in the face of the very gravest danger performed his duties in such a manner as to merit the highest praise. He participated in numerous flights over the South Pole on 28–29 November 1929. His devotion to and the accomplishment of this duty obtained results which brought great credit to himself, the expedition, and the United States Army.General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 2 (1931) [6] See also{{Portal|Biography|United States Army}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5590.pdf |format=PDF |title=McKinley Climatic Laboratory, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida |accessdate=2009-01-06 |work=McKinley Climatic Laboratory brochure |publisher=ASME |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090816062011/http://files.asme.org/ASMEORG/Communities/History/Landmarks/5590.pdf |archivedate=2009-08-16 }} {{Polar exploration|state=collapsed}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:McKinley, Ashley Chadbourne}}2. ^Official Army Register, January 1, 1926. pg. 389. 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?pp/fsaall,app,brum,detr,swann,look,gottscho,pan,horyd,genthe,var,cai,cd,hh,yan,lomax,ils,prok,brhc,nclc,matpc,iucpub,tgmi,lamb,hec,:@field(DOCID+@LIT(89709652))|title=Secretary of War Patrick J. Hurley presenting decorations to two Reserve officers and one enlisted man who were members of the Byrd South Pole Expedition. Sgt. Benjamin Roth, who received the Soldiers' Medal, Lieut. Dean C. Smith and Capt. Ashley C. McKinley, who received the Distinguished Flying Cross, Patrick J. Hurley and Maj. Gen. James E. Fechet, Chief of the Army Air Corps|accessdate=2009-01-17|work=Photograph|publisher=Library of Congress}} 4. ^Membership application. Florida Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. February 27, 1959. 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.asme.org/Communities/History/Landmarks/McKinley_Climatic_Laboratory.cfm|title=McKinley Climatic Laboratory|accessdate=2009-01-06|work=Landmarks|publisher=American Society of Mechanical Engineers| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090101060440/http://www.asme.org/Communities/History/Landmarks/McKinley_Climatic_Laboratory.cfm| archivedate= 1 January 2009 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://valor.militarytimes.com/recipient.php?recipientid=8363|title=Hall of Valor|website=valor.militarytimes.com|accessdate=2 July 2017}} 11 : 1896 births|1970 deaths|Aviators from Texas|People from Marshall, Texas|United States Army officers|United States Army Air Forces officers|Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Burials at Arlington National Cemetery|United States Air Force officers|Military personnel from Texas|Missouri National Guard personnel |
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