| 词条 | Rolla, Missouri |
| 释义 |
|name = Rolla, Missouri |settlement_type = City |nickname = |motto = |image_skyline = |imagesize = |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = Phelps_County_Missouri_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Rolla_Highlighted.svg |mapsize = 250x200px |map_caption = Location of Rolla within County and State |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = United States |subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = Missouri |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Phelps |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |established_title = Founded |established_date = 1858 |unit_pref = Imperial |area_footnotes = [1] |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 30.69 |area_land_km2 = 30.64 |area_water_km2 = 0.05 |area_total_sq_mi = 11.85 |area_land_sq_mi = 11.83 |area_water_sq_mi = 0.02 |population_as_of = 2010 |population_est = 20075 |pop_est_as_of = 2016 |population_footnotes = [2] |population_total = 19559 |population_density_sq_mi = auto |population_density_km2 = auto |timezone = Central (CST) |utc_offset = -6 |timezone_DST = CDT |utc_offset_DST = -5 |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 342 |elevation_ft = 1122 |coordinates = {{coord|37|56|56|N|91|45|47|W|region:US-MO|display=inline,title}} |postal_code_type = ZIP codes |postal_code = 65401, 65402, 65409 |area_code = 573 |blank_name = FIPS code |blank_info = 29-62912[1] |blank1_name = GNIS feature ID |blank1_info = 0751949[2] |website = rollacity.org |footnotes = |pop_est_footnotes = [5] }} Rolla ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|l|ə}}) is a city in and the county seat of Phelps County, Missouri, United States.[3] The population in the 2010 United States Census was 19,559.[4] Rolla is located approximately midway between St. Louis and Springfield along I-44. The Rolla, Mo Micropolitan Statistical area consists of Phelps County, Missouri. It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, well known, both nationally and internationally, for its many engineering departments and computer science department. The headquarters of the Mark Twain National Forest is located in Rolla. In addition, this is part of the Ozark Highlands American Viticultural Area, with vineyards established first by Italian immigrants to the area. HistoryThe first European-American settlers in Phelps County arrived in the early 19th century, working as farmers and iron workers along the local rivers, such as the Meramec, the Gasconade, and the Little Piney. In 1844, John Webber built the first house in what became the City of Rolla. Nine years later, railroad contractor Edmund Ward Bishop, considered to be the founder of Rolla, settled in the area. The state officially established Rolla as a town in 1858. Two stories account for how Rolla was named. One story, widely regarded as a folk legend, and acknowledged as such by the Phelps County Historical Society, arises from the competition between Rolla and neighboring Dillon, Missouri, to be designated the county seat. When Rolla was made the county seat in 1861, the residents of Dillon, having lost a round, were allowed to choose the name of the new city and named it Rolla, after a good-for-nothing hunting dog. The more widely accepted story came from a citizens' meeting about naming the town. Webber was said to prefer the name Hardscrabble (which was used to describe the soils in the region) and Bishop pushed for the name Phelps Center. New settlers from North Carolina voted to name the community after Raleigh their hometown but chose to spell the Missouri version phonetically. With numerous settlers from the South, many residents of Rolla leaned toward the Confederacy during the American Civil War and the town was taken by Union forces in June 1861. They built two minor forts — Fort Wyman and Fort Dette — during their occupation. Rolla was also the location of Camp Glover and Camp Davies. From 1863 to 1865, Rolla was the regimental headquarters of the 5th Missouri State Militia.[5] For most of its history, Rolla has served as a transportation and trading center. It was the original terminus of the St. Louis-San Francisco Railway, colloquially known as the "Frisco Line". Today, the BNSF Railway directly runs through the town. Rolla was also a regular stop along U.S. Route 66, as it is almost located exactly halfway between the larger cities of St. Louis and Springfield. Today, Interstate 44, U.S. Route 63, and Route 72 all run through Rolla.[6] GeographyRolla is located at {{Coord|37.948831|-91.763048|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}}.[7] According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|11.85|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|11.83|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.02|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[8] Running through the city is the divide line that separates the vast Missouri watershed (via the Little Piney and the Gasconade) from the substantially smaller Meremec watershed (via the Bourbeuse). ClimateRolla has a mix of a humid subtropical and humid continental climate and a Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is "Cfa".[9] {{Weather box|location = Rolla |single line = Y |Jan record high F = 78 |Feb record high F = 81 |Mar record high F = 91 |Apr record high F = 93 |May record high F = 99 |Jun record high F = 105 |Jul record high F = 113 |Aug record high F = 108 |Sep record high F = 104 |Oct record high F = 94 |Nov record high F = 85 |Dec record high F = 79 |year record high F = 113 |Jan high F = 40 |Feb high F = 46 |Mar high F = 56 |Apr high F = 67 |May high F = 75 |Jun high F = 84 |Jul high F = 89 |Aug high F = 88 |Sep high F = 80 |Oct high F = 69 |Nov high F = 56 |Dec high F = 43 |year high F= |Jan low F = 21 |Feb low F = 25 |Mar low F = 34 |Apr low F = 44 |May low F = 55 |Jun low F = 64 |Jul low F = 68 |Aug low F = 67 |Sep low F = 57 |Oct low F = 46 |Nov low F = 36 |Dec low F = 25 |year low F= |Jan record low F = −21 |Feb record low F = −14 |Mar record low F = −3 |Apr record low F = 13 |May record low F = 31 |Jun record low F = 41 |Jul record low F = 49 |Aug record low F = 45 |Sep record low F = 32 |Oct record low F = 19 |Nov record low F = 3 |Dec record low F = −19 |year record low F = −19 |Jan precipitation inch = 2.56 |Feb precipitation inch = 2.65 |Mar precipitation inch = 3.91 |Apr precipitation inch = 4.39 |May precipitation inch = 5.50 |Jun precipitation inch = 4.84 |Jul precipitation inch = 4.77 |Aug precipitation inch = 4.08 |Sep precipitation inch = 4.30 |Oct precipitation inch = 3.66 |Nov precipitation inch = 4.36 |Dec precipitation inch = 3.30 |year precipitation inch = 48.32 |source 1 = [10] |date=September 2017 }} Demographics{{US Census population|1870= 1354 |1880= 1582 |1890= 1592 |1900= 1600 |1910= 2261 |1920= 2077 |1930= 3670 |1940= 5141 |1950= 9354 |1960= 11132 |1970= 13571 |1980= 13303 |1990= 14090 |2000= 16367 |2010= 19559 |estyear=2016 |estimate=20075 |estref=[11] |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[12] }} 2010 censusAs of the census[13] of 2010, there were 19,559 people, 7,574 households, and 3,765 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1653.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 8,339 housing units at an average density of {{convert|704.9|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 86.71% White, 4.11% Black or African American, 0.43% Native American, 5.70% Asian, 0.09% Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 2.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.62% of the population. There were 7,574 households of which 25.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.2% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 50.3% were non-families. 36.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.24 and the average family size was 2.90. The median age in the city was 26.2 years. 18.2% of residents were under the age of 18; 29.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.7% were from 25 to 44; 17.1% were from 45 to 64; and 11.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female. 2000 censusAs of the census[1] of 2000, there were 16,367 people, 6,514 households, and 3,543 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,448.7 per square mile (559.2/km²). There were 7,221 housing units at an average density of 639.2 per square mile (246.7/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.2% White, 2.92% African American, 0.46% Native American, 4.6% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 0.73% from other races, and 1.69% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.72% of the population. There were 6,514 households out of which 26.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.0% were married couples living together, 10.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.6% were non-families. 35.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.88. In the city, the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of 18, 25.3% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 16.4% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 112.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 114.2 males. The median income for a household in the city was $26,479, and the median income for a family was $38,975. Males had a median income of $31,861 versus $19,625 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,916. About 13.8% of families and 22.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 13.8% of those age 65 or over. EconomyRoyal Canin, a major manufacturer of dog and cat food, operates in Rolla. Small-engine manufacturer Briggs & Stratton operated a major plant in Rolla from 1996 to 2007. Brewer Science, a nationwide manufacturer of semiconductors, is headquartered in Rolla. EducationRolla is home of the Rolla Bulldogs at Rolla High School. Rolla is an important center for state and federal education and research in science and technology. It is the home of the Missouri University of Science and Technology, founded as the Missouri School of Mines and Metallurgy in 1870 and known as the University of Missouri–Rolla from 1964 through 2007. Missouri S&T, as it's now known, is well known for its engineering and computer science departments. In addition, the US Geological Survey operates a large regional facility with various centers: the National Geospatial Technical Operations Center III, the Missouri Water Science Center, the Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center, National Spatial Data Infrastructure Partnership Office Liaisons, and the Rolla Science Information and Library Services office. MediaRolla and surrounding communities are served by a daily newspaper, The Rolla Daily News. KUMR, KLPW-FM, KTTR AM/FM, KZNN, and KKID are the local commercial radio stations. KMST (FM) is the Public Radio station and KMNR FM is the student radio station of the Missouri University of Science and Technology. Notable places
See also: National Register of Historic Places Listings in Phelps County, Missouri Notable people{{See also|List of Missouri University of Science and Technology alumni||l1=List of Missouri University of Science and Technology notable people}}
Sister cities
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx|accessdate=2011-06-07|title=Find a County|publisher=National Association of Counties}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Dexter -- Data Extraction Tool|url=http://mcdc.missouri.edu/cgi-bin/broker?sasdset=mosums&_PROGRAM=websas.dexter.sas&_SERVICE=appdev&path=%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fpl942010&view=0&ranksteropt=no&quicklook=0&dlm=none&lst=html&dbfile=none&fkey1=Ngeo_id&op1=EQ&value1=608&logic1=and&fkey2=&op2=&value2=&logic2=and&fkey3=&op3=&value3=&logic3=and&fkey4=&op4=&value4=&logic4=and&fkey5=&op5=&value5=&maxobs=&idv=Ngeo_id&idv=GeoId&idv=AreaName&_subtype=+&v=Totpop&varlist=&title2=&subtitle=+&footnote=+&sortby=&_aggby=&_agglvl=1&_grand=NO&_means=&_mweights=&_dropvars=_lvl_++_nag_&rept_byvars=&rept_idvars=&orient=portrait&odsstyle=sasweb&fmtstmt=&renamestmt=&labelstmt=&transby=&transprefix=&transname=&transidlabel=&hasxys=1&haslookupvars=1&hasgeoid=1&latvar=IntPtLat&lonvar=IntPtLon&_y0lat=&_x0long=&_debug=&query= |work=Missouri Census Data Center |publisher=University of Missouri |accessdate=24 March 2011}} 5. ^Hewett, J. (1994). Supplement to the Official records of the Union and Confederate Armies. Wilmington, NC: Broadfoot Pub. Co. , Volume 35, p. 136 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.rollachamber.org/210.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2006-07-14 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060620101325/http://rollachamber.org/210.html |archivedate=2006-06-20 |df= }}, Rolla Chamber of Commerce, accessed 16 Jun 2008 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-07-08|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/699nOulzi?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt|archivedate=2012-07-14|df=}} 9. ^Climate Summary for Rolla, Missouri 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://weather.com/weather/monthly/l/USMO0768:1:US |title=Average weather for Rolla, Missouri |accessdate=September 28, 2017 |publisher=Weather.com }} 11. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-07-08}} 14. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.nga.org/cms/home/governors/past-governors-bios/page_missouri/col2-content/main-content-list/title_carnahan_mel.html|title= Missouri Governor Mel Eugene Carnahan|publisher=National Governors Association|accessdate= October 30, 2012}} 15. ^http://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwart/article/Remembering-Famed-Photographer-Charles-Gatewood-20160429# 16. ^{{cite web|url= http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=m001170|title=McCASKILL, Claire, (1953 - )|publisher= Biographical Directory of the United States Congress|accessdate= October 30, 2012}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://shs.umsystem.edu/rolla/manuscripts/r0173.pdf|title=Information Sheet: Mayme Ousley Papers|work=umsystem.edu|accessdate=13 September 2015}} 18. ^{{cite web|title=Partnerstädte|url=http://www.sondershausen.de/de/partnerstaedte.html|publisher=Sondershausen|accessdate=4 May 2014}} External links{{wikivoyage|Rolla (Missouri)|Rolla, Missouri}}
6 : 1858 establishments in Missouri|Cities in Phelps County, Missouri|County seats in Missouri|Rolla, Missouri|Cities in Missouri|University towns in the United States |
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