| 词条 | Hotel de Gink |
| 释义 |
Hotel de Gink was a series of self-service hotels created by and for homeless men. Jeff Davis conceived the idea and founded the first Hotel de Gink in Seattle in 1913.[1] The concept quickly spread across the country. ConceptAlthough the organization used the name "hotel" and was even a member of the International Hotel Alliance, in practice it was more like a homeless shelter.[2] Hotels De Gink were self-supporting, as residents contributed whatever money they could to support hotel operations.[3] The Hotels provided a range of services, including food, barbering, tailoring, and primitive medical care.[3] All services were provided by residents, who were expected to volunteer at the Hotel for at least two days per week in exchange for lodging.[4] The facilities were self-governing, with a group of residents deciding which applicants to admit.[6] Residents slept on the floor on donated blankets. Local restaurants donated kitchen supplies and other businesses provided other large pieces of equipment necessary for daily operations. Upkeep and maintenance were provided by residents.[5] HistoryThe United States experienced a recession starting in 1913.[6] Productions and real income declined during this period and were not offset until the start of World War I increased demand.[7] During this time, there were high periods of unemployment and homelessness.[8] The Hotel de Gink existed to provide relief in these circumstances.[9] Jeff DavisJeff Davis was a vaudeville performer who described himself as "the king of the hobos". He believed in fostering self-sufficiency among the homeless.[10] Combining his interests, he founded a "hobo cabaret" of homeless people with musical talent.[11] Hotel de GinkDavis spread the model to other cities.[12] Davis opened branches in Tacoma, Washington and Portland, Oregon. Late in 1914, he approached the New York City government with an offer to open a new facility to accommodate the city's growing homeless population. The New York City Hotel opened with an over-the-top gala on January 21, 1915. Davis, dubbed "King Jeff" for the night, was seated in a throne adorned with cabbage, carrot, onion, and potato, an homage to mulligan stew.[13] The facility was only open during the winter. The New York branch closed shortly before America's entrance into the First World War.[14] LegacyAlthough none of the Hotels is still in operation, the legacy survives. The term "Hotel de Gink" became slang for a short term less-than-desirable housing situation[15] and the United States armed forces informally adopted the name Hotel De Gink for transient officer housing.[16][17] Hotel de Gink was also featured in popular culture.[18] In a larger sense, the Hotels proved the concept of self-service homeless services operated and maintained by residents.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Franklin Folsom|title=America Before Welfare|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AEHfqBwP4fkC&pg=PA208|accessdate=1 May 2013|year=1991|publisher=NYU Press|isbn=978-0-8147-2667-9|page=208}} 2. ^{{cite news|title=American Hoteliers|newspaper=Financial Times|date=April 17, 1926|page=5}} 3. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Edison Monthly|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vjMjAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA391|accessdate=1 May 2013|year=1913}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Hotel De Gink (Seattle)|url=http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3849|work=HistoryLink.org Essay 3849|accessdate=1 May 2013}} 5. ^1 {{cite book|author=New York (N.Y.). Mayor's Committee on Unemployment|title=Report of the Mayor's committee on Unemployment...|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pyYwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA4|accessdate=7 May 2013|year=1916|publisher=Press of C.S. Nathan, Inc.|page=4}} 6. ^{{cite book|author=Joe Martin|title=Relentless Change: A Casebook for the Study of Canadian Business History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lx3rlyXbv1UC&pg=PT83|accessdate=7 May 2013|date=19 September 2009|publisher=University of Toronto Press|isbn=978-1-4426-9715-7|page=83}} 7. ^{{cite news|last=Patrick|first=Buchanan|title=A Republic, Not an Empire|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/b/buchanan-republic.html|accessdate=7 May 2013|newspaper=New York Times|year=1999}} 8. ^{{Cite book | title = Business cycles and depressions: an encyclopedia | editor1-first= David |editor1-last= Glasner |editor2-first= Thomas F. |editor2-last= Cooley | year = 1997 | location = New York | publisher = Garland Publishing | isbn = 0-8240-0944-4}} 9. ^{{cite book|author=Harvey O'Conner|title=Revolution in Seattle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ayj5zs40WtoC&pg=PR7|accessdate=7 May 2013|date=1 May 2009|publisher=Haymarket Books|isbn=978-1-931859-74-5|page=7}} 10. ^{{JSTOR|1012985}} 11. ^{{cite book|author=Ed Lowry|title=My Life in Vaudeville: The Autobiography of Ed Lowry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NoMJUjh2GWAC&pg=PP1|accessdate=7 May 2013|date=7 February 2011|publisher=SIU Press|isbn=978-0-8093-8615-4}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=HOTEL DE GINK|url=http://rivet-head.blogspot.com/2011/09/hotel-de-gink.html|work=Rivet Head|accessdate=1 May 2013|date=September 22, 2011}} 13. ^{{cite news|title=Hotel de Gink Opens in a Blaze of Glory|newspaper=New York Times|date=January 22, 1915}} 14. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Carlebach|title=Bain's New York: The City in News Pictures 1900-1925|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Rr2lvoFsAQC&pg=PA62|accessdate=1 May 2013|date=14 March 2012|publisher=Courier Dover Publications|isbn=978-0-486-47858-6|page=62}} 15. ^{{cite book|author=Julia Emily Johnsen|title=Selected Articles on Unemployment|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c0UXAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR11|accessdate=7 May 2013|year=1921|publisher=H. W. Wilson Company|page=11}} 16. ^{{cite book|author=Jonathan Green|title=Cassell's dictionary of slang|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5GpLcC4a5fAC&pg=PA745|accessdate=1 May 2013|year=2005|publisher=Sterling Publishing Company, Inc.|isbn=978-0-304-36636-1|page=745}} 17. ^{{cite book|author=John Algeo|title=Fifty Years Among the New Words: A Dictionary of Neologisms 1941-1991|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3x-umCIwEYQC&pg=PA1|accessdate=6 May 2013|date=30 July 1993|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-44971-7|page=112}} 18. ^{{cite book|author=Oliver Mayer|title=Collected Plays: Where the Music is|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yH9iZay5Z_UC&pg=PA4|accessdate=7 May 2013|date=30 January 2008|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0-615-18370-1|page=4}} 3 : 1913 establishments in Washington (state)|Homeless shelters in the United States|Homelessness charities |
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