| 词条 | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht |
| 释义 |
| jurisdiction = Archdiocese | name = Utrecht | latin = Archidioecesis Ultraiectensis | local = Aartsbisdom Utrecht | image = Wappen Bistum Utrecht.png | image_size = 200px | image_alt = | caption = | country = Netherlands | metropolitan = Utrecht[1] | territory = Parts of the provinces Utrecht, Overijssel, Gelderland, and Flevoland[1] | province = | coordinates = {{coord|52|05|15|N|5|07|27|E|source:cawiki-nlwiki_region:NL|display=inline,title}} | area_km2 = 10,000 | area_footnotes = [3] | population = {{profit}}4,070,300 | population_as_of = 2017 | catholics = {{profit}}753,700 | catholics_percent = {{steady}}18.5 | parishes = | churches = | congregations = | schools = | members = | denomination = Roman Catholic | rite = Latin Rite[2] | established = 4 March 1853[2] | cathedral = Saint Catherine's Cathedral[3] | cocathedral = | patron = Saint Willibrord | priests = | pope = {{Incumbent pope}} | bishop_title = Archbishop | metro_archbishop = Wim Eijk[2][4] | coadjutor = | auxiliary_bishops = Theodorus Cornelis Maria Hoogenboom Herman Willebrordus Woorts | vicar_general = | emeritus_bishops = Adrianus Johannes Simonis Cardinal Archbishop Emeritus (1983-2007) Johannes Antonius de Kok Auxiliary Bishop Emeritus (1982-2005) | map = BisdomUtrechtLocatie.png | map_alt = | map_caption = The location of the Archdiocese of Utrecht in the Netherlands | website = aartsbisdom.nl | footnotes = }} The Archdiocese of Utrecht ({{lang-la|Archidioecesis Ultraiectensis}}) is an archdiocese of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands. The Archbishop of Utrecht is the Metropolitan of the Ecclesiastical province of Utrecht. There are six suffragan dioceses in the province: Breda, Groningen-Leeuwarden, Haarlem-Amsterdam, Roermond, Rotterdam, and 's-Hertogenbosch. The cathedral church of the archdiocese is Saint Catherine Cathedral which replaced the prior cathedral, Saint Martin Cathedral, after it was taken by Protestants in the Reformation. HistoryThe Archdiocese of Utrecht was established in the 7th century and disestablished in the 16th century during the Protestant Reformation. The Catholic church reestablished the Archdiocese in the 19th century. Historic Diocese and Archdiocese{{details|topic=the civil principality (1024–1528) which was also ruled by the bishops of Utrecht|Episcopal principality of Utrecht}}. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the founding of the diocese dates back to Francia,[5] when St. Ecgberht of Ripon sent St. Willibrord and eleven companions on a mission to pagan Frisia, at the request of Pepin of Herstal.[5][6] The Diocese of Utrecht ({{lang-la|Dioecesis Ultraiectensis}}) was erected by Pope Sergius I in 695.[7] In 695 Sergius consecrated Willibrord in Rome as Bishop of the Frisians.[5] George Edmundson wrote, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 edition, that the bishops, in fact, as the result of grants of immunities by a succession of German kings, and notably by the Saxon and Franconian emperors, gradually became the temporal rulers of a dominion as great as the neighboring counties and duchies.[8] John Mason Neale explained, in History of the so-called Jansenist church of Holland, that bishops "became warriors rather than prelates; the duties of their pastoral office were frequently exercised by suffragans, while they themselves headed armies against the Dukes of Guelders or the Counts of Holland."[9]{{rp|page=63}} Adalbold II of Utrecht "must be regarded as the principal founder of the territorial possessions of the diocese," according to Albert Hauck, in New Schaff–Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, especially by the acquisition in 1024 and 1026 of the counties of Drenthe and Teisterbant;[10]but, the name "Bishopric of Utrecht" is not used in the article. {{lang|la|Debitum pastoralis officii nobis}} was Pope Leo X's 1517 prohibition to the Archbishop-Elector of Cologne, Hermann of Wied, as {{lang|la|legatus natus}},{{efn|"As papal power increased after the middle of the eleventh century these legates came to have less and less real authority and eventually the {{lang|la|legatus natus}} was hardly more than a title."[11]}} to summon, to a court of first instance in Cologne, Philip of Burgundy, his treasurer, and his ecclesiastical and secular subjects.[12]{{efn|Joosting and Muller noted that Leo X also promulgated another bull, in which he commissioned that the Bishop of Utrecht, his treasurer and his subjects informed that they were empowered to disregard privileges formerly granted to others and to prosecute offenders while setting aside formerly specified legal process.[12]}} Leo X only confirmed a right of the Church, explained Neale; but Leo X's confirmation "was providential" in respect to the future schism.[9]{{rp|page=72}} The Bishopric ended when Henry of the Palatinate resigned the see in 1528 with the consent of the cathedral chapter, and transferred his secular authority to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. The chapters voluntarily transferred their right of electing the bishop to Charles V, and Pope Clement VII gave his consent to the proceeding.[5] George Edmundson wrote, in History of Holland, that Henry, "was compelled" in 1528 to formally surrender "the temporalities of the see" to Charles V.[13]{{rp|page=21}} Lordship of UtrechtArchdioceseThe diocese was elevated to an archdiocese in 1559.[7] It was taken from Province of Cologne, in which it was a suffragan, and elevated to the rank of an archdiocese and metropolitan see.[5] During the administration of the first archbishop, Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg, Calvinism spread rapidly, especially among the nobility, who viewed with disfavor the endowment of the new bishoprics with the ancient and wealthy abbeys.[5] The parish churches were attacked in the Beeldenstorm in 1566.[14] The hanging of the nineteen Martyrs of Gorkum in Brielle in 1572 is an example of the persecution which Catholics suffered.[5] During the Dutch Revolt in the Spanish Netherlands, the archdiocese fell.[5] In the Beeldenstorm in 1580, the collegiate churches were victims of iconoclastic attacks and St. Martin's Cathedral, Utrecht, was "severely damaged".[14] "Even though approximately one third of the people remained Roman Catholic and in spite of a relatively great tolerance,"[14] as early as 1573,[5] the public exercise of Catholicism was forbidden,[5][14] and the cathedral was converted into a Protestant church in 1580.[14] The cathedral chapter survived and "still managed its lands and formed part of the provincial government" in the Lordship of Utrecht.[14] "The newly appointed canons, however, were always Protestants."[14] The two successor archbishop appointed by Spain neither received canonical confirmation nor could they enter their diocese because of the States-General opposition.[5] The archdiocese was suppressed in 1580.[7] Walter Phillips wrote, in Encyclopædia Britannica, 1911 edition, the last archbishop of Utrecht, Frederik V Schenck van Toutenburg, died in 1580, "a few months before the suppression of Roman Catholic public worship" by William I, Prince of Orange.[8] "Suppression of dioceses," wrote Hove, "takes place only in countries where the faithful and the clergy have been dispersed by persecution," the suppressed dioceses become missions, prefectures, or vicariates apostolic. This is what occurred in the Dutch Republic.[15]{{efn|Changes of this nature were not regulated by canon law, according to Hove who wrote in 1909.[15]}} Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia{{Main|Vicariate Apostolic of Batavia (Holland)}}{{details|topic=the creation of "the Roman Catholic Church of the Old Episcopal Clergy", an independent sect, instituted during the vicariate|Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Old Catholic Archdiocese of Utrecht}}Mission sui iuris of BataviaThe Holland Mission started when the vicariate was erected by Pope Clement VIII in 1592.[16] "For two centuries after the [1648] Peace of Westphalia much of Holland was under vicars apostolic as mission territory, as England was in the same period; although some areas had archpriests dependent on the nuncios in Cologne and Brussels."[17] Modern ArchdioceseThe see was reestablished as an Archdiocese in the 1853. Ordinaries{{Redirect|List of bishops of Utrecht|Archbishops of the Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands|Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands#Old Catholic Archbishops of Utrecht}}Pre-Reformation Bishops{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Pre 1853 Archbishops{{div col|colwidth=22em}}
Post 1853 Archbishops{{Complete list|date=July 2014}}
Auxiliary bishops
See also
Further reading
|editor1-last=Ring|editor1-first=Trudy|editor2-last=Watson|editor2-first=Noelle|editor3-last=Schellinger|editor3-first=Paul|title=Utrecht|pages=761 |last= |first= |authorlink= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yfPYAQAAQBAJ}} Notes1. ^1 {{nl icon}} Achtergronden aartsbisdom. Retrieved on 2009-10-13. 2. ^1 2 3 Archdiocese of Utrecht. Retrieved on 2009-10-13. 3. ^{{nl icon}} De Kathedraal. Retrieved on 2009-10-13. 4. ^{{nl icon}} Aartsbisschop. Retrieved on 2009-10-13. 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{Catholic|inline=1|volume=15|last=Lins|first=Joseph|wstitle=Archdiocese of Utrecht}} 6. ^{{Catholic|inline=1|volume=15|last=Mershman|first=Francis|wstitle=St. Willibrord}} 7. ^1 2 {{Catholic-hierarchy|diocese|dutre|Archdiocese of Utrecht|2014-01-14}} 8. ^1 {{EB1911|inline=1|volume=27|pages=823–824|last1=Edmundson|first1=George|last2=Phillips|first2=Walter A|title=Utrecht|url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediabri27chisrich}} 9. ^1 {{Source-attribution|{{cite book|location=Oxford; London|publisher=John Henry and James Parker|last=Neale|first=John M|authorlink=John Mason Neale|title=History of the so-called Jansenist church of Holland; with a sketch of its earlier annals, and some account of the Brothers of the common life|year=1858|oclc=600855086|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015067974389}}}} 10. ^{{Schaff-Herzog|volume=1|page=32|title=Adalbold|last=Hauck|first=Albert|url=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc01.html?term=Adalbold}} 11. ^{{cite book|location=New York|publisher=Appleton-Century-Crofts|last=La Monte|first=John L|title=The world of the Middle Ages: a reorientation of medieval history|page=393|year=1949|oclc=568161011|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015024887880?urlappend=%3Bseq=419}} 12. ^1 {{Source-attribution|{{cite book|author=Pope Leo X|title=Debitum pastoralis officii nobis|orig-year=1517-11-25|language=Latin|id=}} From {{cite book|location='s-Gravenhage|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|series=Oude vaderlandsche rechtsbronnen|title=Bronnen voor de geschiedenis der kerkelijke rechtspraak in het bisdom Utrecht in di middeleeuwen|year=1912|pages=59–62|last1=Joosting|first1=Jan G. C.|last2=Muller|first2=Samuel|chapter=Verbod van Paus Leo X aan den aartsbisschop van Keulen als legatus natus, Philips bisschop van Utrecht, diens fiscus en diens kerkelijke en wereldlijke onderdanen in eerste instantie naar keulen te doen dagvaarden|language=Dutch|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.35112103682300?urlappend=%3Bseq=79|accessdate=2014-01-09}} This book contains documents relating to the limit of the jurisdiction of the bishop of Utrecht. This book was published in {{List journal|journal=Werken der Vereeniging tot Uitgaaf der Bronnen van het Oud-Vaderlandsche Recht|location='s-Gravenhage|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|oclc=765196601|volume=2|issue=14|year=1912}}}} 13. ^{{cite book|location=Cambridge|publisher=Cambridge University Press|series=Cambridge historical series|last=Edmundson|first=George|authorlink=George Edmundson|title=History of Holland|year=1922|lccn=22004345|url=http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.gdc/scd0001.00091685954|accessdate=}} 14. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |location=Utrecht |publisher= |website=Domkerk Utrecht |author= |authorlink= |title=History |year= |url=http://www.domkerk.nl/domchurch/history.html |accessdate=2014-01-16 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Mfwe5Lhp?url=http://www.domkerk.nl/domchurch/history.html |archivedate=2014-01-16 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 15. ^1 {{Catholic|inline=1|volume=5|last=Hove|first=Alphonse van|wstitle=Diocese}} 16. ^{{Catholic-hierarchy|diocese|db538|Mission "Sui Iuris" of Batavia (Holland Mission)|2014-01-14}} 17. ^{{cite news|location=London|newspaper=The Tablet|lccn=|date=1953-05-16|page=20|title=The hierarchy in Holland|url=http://archive.thetablet.co.uk/article/16th-may-1953/20/the-hierarchy-in-holland|accessdate=2014-01-14}} 18. ^{{cite web|location=Nijmegen|publisher=Radboud Universiteit. Katholiek Documentatie Centrum|website=ru.nl/kdc|title=Lijst van Nederlandse bisschoppen sinds 1853|language=Dutch|year=|url=http://www.ru.nl/kdc/geschiedenis/geschiedenis/geschiedenis/lijst_van_bischoppen/|accessdate=2014-07-07}} 19. ^"Bishop Goswin Haex von Loenhout, O. Carm." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 20. ^"Bishop Godefridus Yerwerd, O.S.B." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 21. ^"Bishop Bonaventura Engelbertz van Oldenzeel, O.F.M." Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 22. ^"Bishop Nicolas Van Nienlant" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved March 21, 2016 References{{Expand Dutch|Aartsbisdom Utrecht (rooms-katholiek)|date=March 2014}}{{reflist|30em}}External links
6 : Catholic Church in the Netherlands|Roman Catholic dioceses in the Netherlands|Dioceses established in the 7th century|Religious organizations disestablished in the 16th century|Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 19th century|History of Utrecht (city) |
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