“Romanian hip hop”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was the main precursor of Romanian hip hop. Liberalization made the import of foreign hip hop tapes much more easier. An underground market of tape exchanges among teens started flourishing in the early 90s. From just listening to hip hop to making hip hop there was only a small step. The first Romanian hip hop group was Vorbire Directă (Direct Speech) founded in late 1992, their first song being released in 1993 on UniPlus Radio. However, the first hip hop album was released only in 1995 by R.A.C.L.A. and was called Rap-Sodia efectului defectului (Defect Effect Rap-sody).

Names such as Parazitii, B.U.G. Mafia, M&G, Renegatii, Da Hood Justice, Delikt, Dublu Sens, Morometzii and countless others started appearing between 1993 and 1995. Some of this early groups are still active today. The first songs were about politics, the struggle of life in post-communist Romania and crimes. The first hip hop concert in Romania took place on May 14, 1993 at Sala Polivalentă in Bucharest, which included guest performers from France such as Alliance Ethnik, Sléo, Démocrates D and Ragga Sonic.^[3]

The divergence between east coast hip hop and west coast hip hop was soon imported into Romania with the creation of the Cartel ("Cartelul") representing the west coast with groups like B.U.G. Mafia, La Familia, Il-Egal, Dana Marijuana, Don Baxter, M&G, and of RANS - "The Cry of National Agony - Syndicate" ("Răcnetul Agoniei Naționale - Sindicat") representing the east coast with groups like R.A.C.L.A., Paraziții, Da Hood Justice, Ghetto Dacii, Delikt. However, this conflict was short lived and by the end of the 90s there was peace among hip hop artists in Romania.

The most notable songs released in this period were "Pantelimonu' Petrece" and "Hoteluri" by B.U.G. Mafia in 1996 and 1997, "A vorbi e ușor" by Parazitii in 1997, "Cei care te calcă pe cap" and "Gara de Nord" by R.A.C.L.A. in 1997 and 1998 respectively.

1998 and 1999 brought a much better sound to Romanian hip-hop due to competing recording studios. Albums such as "De cartier" (Hood-like) by B.U.G. Mafia, "Nicăieri nu-i ca acasă" (There's no place like home) by La Familia and especially "Nici o problemă" (Not a problem) by Parazitii had a far better sound quality then anything previously released.

Since the turn of the millennium, even though they have received only sporadic radio and TV airplay, B.U.G. Mafia and Paraziții have earned a cult status among Romanians, and they are still popular to this day. B.U.G. Mafia were the first Romanian rap group to perform outside Romania, touring in Italy, Spain, Germany and the United Kingdom.

In the late 2000s, besides the commercial success of La Familia member Puya, a new wave of rappers such as Guess Who, Grasu XXL, Spike, Cabron, Maximilian, Tranda, Nane and the groups C.T.C. and Specii rose to prominence, some of them dominating the charts. Some current old-skool-inspired groups and artists include Haarp Cord, El Nino, Jianu, Zale, Nimeni Altu', Vescan and Phunk B.

In 2015, trap music was introduced in Romania by Șatra B.E.N.Z.. Initially, this group received intense criticism from hip-hop fans because of the perceived similarity of their musical style to manele, but the band has slowly attracted a cult status similar to that of B.U.G. Mafia, Paraziții and C.T.C., especially after the release of their second album in 2017 and group member Killa Fonic's debut studio album that same year. The massive success of Șatra B.E.N.Z. has led to the rise of many other trappers such as Shift, Golani, Lino Golden, Amuly, Azteca and Ian. Some well-known rappers and singers from previous years such as DOC, Deliric (both of C.T.C.), Nane and Alex Velea have released trap songs.

Since 2017, a number of YouTube vloggers have uploaded trap-styled diss tracks directed to other content creators, and in late 2017, Selly, the most subscribed Romanian Youtuber, created a trap group with other vloggers called 5GANG, similar to Jake Paul's Team 10. This led to the formation of other YouTube trap bands such as PNCKS, L.A. Gang and Green Gang, as well as the rise of teenage individual rapper abi, who has become an Internet sensation despite his songs receiving mixed reviews.

After a Lil Jon concert in Bucharest in 2017, a number of famous international rappers will perform in Romania in 2019 : Rae Sremmurd and Young Thug at the El Carrusel festival in Bucharest, G-Eazy at the Neversea festival in Constanța, as well as a Snoop Dogg concert in Bucharest.

A documentary about the history of Romanian Hip-Hop under the name "From the Shadows / Din Umbre" was set to be released in 2015.^[4]

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uuMZ3ae2-kE |title=Primul concurs national de breakdance, Discoteca Club CH Iasi 1983|publisher=YouTube |date=2010-07-15 |accessdate=2014-02-25}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Nitzsche|first1=Sina|last2=Grunzweig|first2=Walter|title=Hip-Hop in Europe: Cultural Identities and Transnational Flows (Transnational and Transatlantic American Studies)|publisher=LIT Verlag|year=2013|isbn=978-3643904133}}
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.hiphopdinromania.org/2008/11/scoala-veche-romaneasca-partea-i.html?m=0 |language=Romanian |accessdate=14 March 2012 |date= 20 November 2008 |title=Scoala veche romaneasca (Partea I)}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=https://vimeo.com/58950611|accessdate=19 October 2014 |date= 5 February 2013|title=From the Shadows / Din Umbre - Promo 1|publisher=Vimeo.com}}

Summary

References