| 词条 | Hugh Hamilton (bishop) |
| 释义 |
| name = Hugh Hamilton | image = Hugh Hamilton.JPG | alt = | caption = Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, {{circa|1790}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1729|3|26|df=y}} | birth_place = Knock, Co. Dublin, Ireland | death_date = {{Death date and age|1805|12|1|1729|3|26|df=y}} | death_place = Kilkenny, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland | nationality = | other_names = | known_for = Professor of natural philosophy, Anglican bishop | occupation = }} Hugh Hamilton {{post-nominals|FRS}} (26 March 1729 – 1 December 1805) was a mathematician, natural philosopher (scientist) and professor at Trinity College, Dublin, and later a Church of Ireland bishop, Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh, and then Bishop of Ossory. LifeHe was born at Knock, near Balrothery in County Dublin (now Fingal), on 26 March 1729, the eldest son of Alexander (died 1768)[1][2] and Isabella Hamilton.[3] His father was a solicitor and politician who represented the Killyleagh constituency in the Irish House of Commons from 1739 to 1759.[4] Alexander's great-grandfather Hugh Hamilton migrated from Scotland to County Down in the early 17th century. The Scottish architect James Hamilton of Finnart was an ancestor.[3] Isabella Hamilton was born Isabella Maxwell, the daughter of Robert Maxwell of Finnebrogue, Downpatrick.[3] Hamilton entered Trinity College, Dublin on 17 November 1742 at the age of 13 with Thomas McDonnell as tutor. He graduated Bachelor of Arts (BA) in 1747 and Trinity Master of Arts (MA Dubl) in 1750.[3] He took the competitive examination for a vacant fellowship of the college in 1750, but the position was secured instead by his friend Richard Murray, who was a few years older. Two fellowships became vacant the following year and Hamilton was elected to one of them at the age of 22.[4] He was appointed Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy at Trinity College in 1759 and that same year graduated Bachelor of Divinity (BD).[3] He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society on 19 February 1761[5] and graduated Doctor of Divinity (DD) in 1762.[6] Trinity College presented him to the rectory of Kilmacrenan in the diocese of Raphoe, County Donegal, in 1764. This was a small living in the gift of the College, for which he resigned his fellowship. He retained the Erasmus Smith's chair however,[4] being succeeded in that by Thomas Wilson in 1769.[7] He resigned from Kilmacrenan in 1767 and become vicar of St. Anne's in Dublin. He then became Dean of Armagh, the chief resident cleric of St Patrick's Cathedral in Armagh, from April 1768 to 1796.[6] Finding the existing dean's house inconvenient and poorly situated, he had a new one built in a better location[4] just off Portadown Road, now known as Dean's Hill. The house, of three stories and a semi-basement,[16] was built in 1772–74.[8] The house was later sold by the church and the present owners provide bed and breakfast accommodation in it.[9] While dean he also acted as treasurer for the infirmary or county hospital, he established Sunday schools in the districts of the parish, and he founded a charitable loan for poor tradesmen. He was also instrumental in planning for a piped water supply for the town, which was later put into effect.[4] Hamilton was one of the 38 original members of the Royal Irish Academy when it was founded in 1785.[10] Gilbert Stuart painted his portrait in about 1790.[11] He was promoted to Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh on 20 January 1796, without seeking it.[22] On 24 January 1799 he was translated to Ossory,[12] where he was bishop until 1805.[13] He died at Kilkenny on 1 December 1805.[14] He was buried in the graveyard of St Canice's Cathedral at Kilkenny, and there is a memorial to him inside the cathedral. WorksHamilton wrote a mathematical treatise on conic sections called De Sectionibus Conicis: Tractatus Geometricus, published in 1758.[6] In this book he "was the first to deduce the properties of the conic section from the properties of the cone, by demonstrations which were general, unencumbered by lemmas, and proceeding in a more natural and perspicuous order", according to writer James Wills in 1847.[15] The work was acclaimed for its lucidity and Leonhard Euler described it as a perfect book.[16] It was "soon adopted in all the British universities"[15] and was translated from Latin into English as A Geometrical Treatise of the Conic Sections in 1773. He also wrote Philosophical Essays on Vapours (1767), Four Introductory Lectures on Natural Philosophy (1774), and An Essay on the Existence and Attributes of the Supreme Being (1784). His principal works were collected and republished, with a memoir, as The Works of the Right Rev. Hugh Hamilton by his eldest son, Alexander Hamilton, in two volumes in 1809.[6] FamilyHamilton married Isabella, daughter of Hans Widman Wood of Rosmead, County Westmeath, in 1772. Isabella's mother Frances was the twin sister of Edward, Earl of Kingston. Hugh and Isabella had five sons and two daughters. They were Alexander, who was a barrister; Frances; Hans; Isabella; Henry; George, who was a biblical scholar;[17][18] and Hugh,[19] who married Elizabeth Staples, a daughter of John Staples, a Member of Parliament. The younger Hugh was the great-grandfather of Clive Staples Lewis, better known as C. S. Lewis.[20] Bishop Hugh Hamilton was a great-great-great-grand-father of the mathematicians John Lighton Synge and his brother Edward Hutchinson Synge.[21] References1. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.leighrayment.com/commons/irelandcommons.htm |title=Irish House of Commons 1692–1800 |first=Leigh |last=Rayment |work=Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page |accessdate=23 December 2011}} {{S-start}}{{S-rel|ie}}{{S-bef|before=Charles Brodrick}}{{S-ttl|title=Bishop of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh|years=1795–1799}}{{S-aft|after=Matthew Young}}{{S-bef|before=Thomas O'Beirne}}{{S-ttl|title=Bishop of Ossory|years=1799–1805}}{{S-aft|after=John Kearney}}{{S-end}}{{Deans of Armagh}}{{Bishops of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh}}{{Bishops of Ossory}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hamilton, Hugh}}2. ^{{cite book |title=Burke's Irish Family Records |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |edition=103 |year= |isbn= |page=546}} 3. ^1 {{cite book |title=A History of the House of Hamilton |last=Hamilton |first=George |year=1933 |publisher=J. Skinner & Co |location=Edinburgh |page=959}} 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Alexander |chapter=Life of the late Lord Bishop of Ossory |editor-last=Hamilton |editor-first=Alexander |title=The Works of the Right Rev. Hugh Hamilton, D.D., Late Bishop of Ossory |year=1809 |volume=I |page=viii–xv |location= |publisher= |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=MW5bAAAAQAAJ |access-date=3 October 2016}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://royalsociety.org/uploadedFiles/Royal_Society_Content/about-us/fellowship/Fellows1660-2007.pdf |title=List of Fellows of the Royal Society 1660 - 2007 |date=July 2007 |publisher=The Royal Society |accessdate=3 October 2016}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite encyclopedia |author=Blacker, B. H. (revised Carter, Philip) |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |title=Hamilton, Hugh (1729–1805) |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/12076 |accessdate=10 December 2011 |edition= |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/12076}} 7. ^{{cite web |url= https://www.maths.tcd.ie/about/400Hist/7.php |title=400 years of mathematics: The eighteenth century |first=T.D. |last=Spearman |date=1992 |publisher=Trinity College Dublin |accessdate=17 September 2016}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Bence-Jones |first=Mark |date=1978 |title=Burke's Guide to Country Houses |volume=1. Ireland |location=London |publisher=Burke's Peerage |page=100 |isbn=0850110262}} 9. ^1 {{cite web |url= http://landedfamilies.blogspot.co.nz/2015/09/183-armstrong-and-wright-armstrong-of.html |title=Armstrong and Wright-Armstrong of Armagh and Killylea |first=Nick |last=Kingsley |date=20 September 2015 |work=Landed Families of Britain and Ireland |accessdate=7 October 2016}} 10. ^{{cite book |last=Carlisle |first=Nicholas |date=1813 |title=An Index to The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=uWFFAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA96 |location= |publisher= |pages=96–97}} 11. ^"Hugh Hamilton, Dean of Armagh, (painting)". Art Inventories Catalog. Smithsonian American Art Museum. 12. ^Handbook of British Chronology By Fryde, E. B; Greenway, D.E; Porter, S; Roy, I: Cambridge, CUP, 1996 {{ISBN|0-521-56350-X}}, 9780521563505 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thesilverbowl.com/documents/1801Aug17_OLIVER-HAMILTON.html#_ftn2|title=The Silver Bowl: 1801 August 17|website=Thesilverbowl.com|accessdate=8 June 2016}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.libraryireland.com/biography/HughHamiltonBishopofOssory.php|title=Hugh Hamilton, Bishop of Ossory |website=Libraryireland.com |accessdate=8 June 2016}} 15. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=A History of Ireland in the Lives of Irishmen |last=Wills |first=James |year=c. 1847 |publisher=Fullarton |location=London |page= |url=https://archive.org/stream/historyofireland6_00will/historyofireland6_00will_djvu.txt |accessdate=10 December 2011}} 16. ^{{cite encyclopedia |last=Florides |first=Petros S. |author-link=Petros Serghiou Florides |editor-last=McCartney |editor-first=Mark |editor2-last=Whitaker |editor2-first=Andrew |encyclopedia=Physicists of Ireland: Passion and Precision |title=John Synge 1897–1995 |year=2003 |publisher=Institute of Physics Pub. |page=210 |quote= }} 17. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Hamilton, George (1783-1830)|volume=24}} 18. ^{{cite book|title=The Peerage of England, Scotland, and Ireland: The peerage of Ireland|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zjAwAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA136|year=1790|publisher=W. Owen [and 2 others]|page=136}} 19. ^{{cite DNB|wstitle=Hamilton, Hugh (1729-1805)|volume=24}} 20. ^The Collected Letters of C. S. Lewis. Vol. I, pg. 996. Ed. Walter Hooper. 21. ^[https://www.tcd.ie/Secretary/FellowsScholars/discourses/discourses/2009_P%20Florides%20on%20J%20L%20Synge.pdf John Lighton Synge] by Petros S. Florides, School of Mathematics, Trinity College Dublin 13 : 1729 births|1805 deaths|18th-century Anglican bishops|19th-century Anglican bishops|Alumni of Trinity College Dublin|Anglican bishops of Ossory|Bishops of Clonfert and Kilmacduagh|Deans of Armagh|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of Trinity College Dublin|Irish mathematicians|Irish people of Scottish descent|Members of the Royal Irish Academy |
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