| 词条 | Rona Ambrose |
| 释义 |
|honorific-prefix = The Honourable |name = Rona Ambrose |honorific-suffix = PC |image = Rona_Ambrose_at_the_67th_World_Health_Assembly_-_2014_(cropped).jpg |caption = |office = Leader of the Opposition |governor_general = David Johnston |monarch = Elizabeth II |primeminister = Justin Trudeau |term_start = November 5, 2015 |term_end = May 27, 2017 |predecessor = Tom Mulcair |successor = Andrew Scheer |office1 = Leader of the Conservative Party {{small|Interim}} |president1 = John Walsh Scott Lamb |deputy1 = Denis Lebel |term_start1 = November 5, 2015 |term_end1 = May 27, 2017 |predecessor1 = Stephen Harper |successor1 = Andrew Scheer |office2 = Minister of Health |primeminister2 = Stephen Harper |term_start2 = July 15, 2013 |term_end2 = November 4, 2015 |predecessor2 = Leona Aglukkaq |successor2 = Jane Philpott |office3 = Minister of Public Works and Government Services |primeminister3 = Stephen Harper |term_start3 = January 19, 2010 |term_end3 = July 15, 2013 |predecessor3 = Christian Paradis |successor3 = Diane Finley |office4 = Minister of Western Economic Diversification |primeminister4 = Stephen Harper |term_start4 = November 5, 2010 |term_end4 = May 18, 2011 |predecessor4 = Jim Prentice |successor4 = Lynne Yelich |primeminister5 = Stephen Harper |term_start5 = January 4, 2007 |term_end5 = October 29, 2008 |predecessor5 = Carol Skelton |successor5 = Jim Prentice |office6 = Minister of Labour |primeminister6 = Stephen Harper |term_start6 = October 30, 2008 |term_end6 = January 19, 2010 |predecessor6 = Jean-Pierre Blackburn |successor6 = Lisa Raitt |office7 = Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs |primeminister7 = Stephen Harper |term_start7 = January 4, 2007 |term_end7 = October 30, 2008 |predecessor7 = Peter Van Loan |successor7 = Josée Verner |office8 = President of the Privy Council |primeminister8 = Stephen Harper |term_start8 = January 4, 2007 |term_end8 = October 30, 2008 |predecessor8 = Peter Van Loan |successor8 = Josée Verner |office9 = Minister of the Environment |primeminister9 = Stephen Harper |term_start9 = February 6, 2006 |term_end9 = January 3, 2007 |predecessor9 = Stéphane Dion |successor9 = John Baird |riding10 = Sturgeon River—Parkland {{small|Edmonton—Spruce Grove (2004–2015)}} |parliament10 = Canadian |term_start10 = June 28, 2004 |term_end10 =July 4, 2017 |predecessor10 = Constituency established |successor10 = Dane Lloyd |birth_name = Ronalee Chapchuk |birth_date = {{birth date and age|1969|3|15}} |birth_place = Valleyview, Alberta, Canada |death_date = |death_place = |party = Conservative |spouse = {{Marriage|Bruce Ambrose|1994|2011|end=divorced}} |partner = J. P. Veitch[1] |education = University of Victoria {{small|(BA)}} University of Alberta {{small|(MA)}} }} Ronalee Chapchuk "Rona" Ambrose {{post-nominals|country=CAN|PC}} ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|ə|_|ˈ|æ|m|b|r|oʊ|z}};[2] born March 15, 1969) is a former Canadian politician who was interim leader of the Conservative Party and the Leader of the Opposition between 2015 and 2017.[3] She was the Conservative Party member of the House of Commons for Sturgeon River—Parkland between 2015 and 2017, and had previously represented Edmonton—Spruce Grove from 2004 to 2015. In her first term as an Opposition MP, she was the Conservative Party's Intergovernmental Affairs critic. Ambrose also served as vice-chair of the Treasury Board and has held multiple cabinet positions as Canada's Minister of Health, Minister of the Environment, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs, Minister of Western Economic Diversification, Minister of Labour, Minister of Public Works and Government Services, and Minister of Status of Women. She was President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. She is also a former communication consultant and public policy consultant for the Alberta government. On May 15, 2017, she announced her retirement from federal politics to take effect during the summer. The next day, she was named a visiting fellow by the Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars.[4][5][6] She retired on July 4, 2017, stating that she hopes she was "able to inspire women to consider public service".[7] In August, 2017, Justin Trudeau's Liberal government appointed Ambrose to a 13-member NAFTA advisory council that will provide opinion and feedback on the upcoming negotiations with the United States and Mexico.[8][9][10] Early life and educationAmbrose was born Ronalee Chapchuk in Valleyview, Alberta, as the daughter of Colleen (née Clark) and James Chapchuk.[11][12][13] She grew up in both Brazil and Parkland County of Alberta. In addition to English, she also speaks Portuguese and Spanish but is less fluent in French.[14] Ambrose has a Bachelor of Arts in women's and gender studies from the University of Victoria and a Master of Arts degree in political science from the University of Alberta.[14] Political viewsAmbrose is a feminist.[15][16][17][18][19][20] Prior to her work in Canadian federal politics, Ambrose's community service included involvement with organizations working to end violence against women; including the Status of Women Action Group, the Victoria Sexual Assault and Sexual Abuse Crisis Centre, and the Edmonton Women’s Shelter.[21] Ambrose also calls herself a libertarian and is a fan of Ayn Rand novels such as Atlas Shrugged and The Fountainhead.[22] She was a member of the Trilateral Commission, as reported in Vancouver's Georgia Straight, August 24, 2006. According to the Trilateral Commission's 2018 membership list, Ambrose was a current member of the North American group. [23] Political careerAmbrose was first elected as a Member of Parliament in the 2004 federal election for the newly created riding of Edmonton-Spruce Grove in west Edmonton. On February 16, 2005, she made headlines after making a remark in Parliament directed at Liberal Social Development Minister Ken Dryden saying "working women want to make their own choices, we don't need old white guys telling us what to do", in reference to the Liberal national child care plan.[24] When the Conservatives were consigned to opposition in the 2015 federal election, Ambrose was elected as interim leader, and hence Leader of the Opposition, until a permanent successor to Stephen Harper was chosen in May 2017. Ambrose is the third female leader of Canada's conservative party. The first was former Prime Minister Kim Campbell[25] who led Canada's now defunct Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, and the second was Deborah Grey, of the former Canadian Alliance. She is also the third woman to be Opposition Leader, after Deborah Grey and Nycole Turmel. All three of them served in an interim capacity. She was temporarily the Conservative critic for International Trade, after the defection of Belinda Stronach to the Liberal Party.{{Citation needed|date=June 2017}} Environment MinisterIn 2006 elections, Ambrose successfully defended her seat in Edmonton–Spruce Grove with 66.8% of the vote in the riding. She was then appointed Environment Minister in Prime Minister Stephen Harper's minority government. Ambrose's appointment to cabinet made her the youngest woman appointed to cabinet at the time.[26] On April 7, 2006, Ambrose announced that Canada had no chance of meeting its targets under the Kyoto Protocol and must set more realistic goals for cutting greenhouse gases. "My departmental officials and the department officials from natural resources have indicated that it is impossible, impossible for Canada to reach its Kyoto target. And let me be clear. I have been engaging with our international counterparts over the past month, and we are not the only country that is finding itself in this situation", said Ambrose.[27] On April 13, 2006, Ambrose stopped an Environment Canada scientist, Mark Tushingham, from speaking at the launch of his science fiction novel, Hotter than Hell, set in a dystopian future caused by global warming. Tushingham's publisher and environmentalists believed this was because the book was not in line with the government's views on climate change, but Ambrose's spokesperson said that the speech was billed as coming from an Environment Canada scientist speaking in official capacity and thus out of process.[28][29] On April 25, 2006, Ambrose expressed her support of the (now defunct) Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate as an alternate to the Kyoto Protocol, because it includes China and India, two large polluting nations that are not bound by the latter agreement.[30] The APP had voluntary emissions reduction targets and was focused on developing technological solutions to solving climate change.[30] In May 2006, Ambrose criticized the previous Liberal government's failure to meet the high targets that they had negotiated at Kyoto, saying, "We would have to pull every truck and car off the street, shut down every train and ground every plane to reach the Kyoto target the Liberals negotiated for Canada."[31][32] In June 2006, opposition discontent over Ambrose's actions as environment minister prompted the NDP and the Bloc Québécois to try and table a motion in the Commons environmental committee calling for her resignation.[33] The motion was blocked with the help of the Liberals after the Conservatives said that the motion would be a confidence motion, that if passed would trigger an election in Fall 2006.[33] In August 2006 she stated, "I welcome the commitment from British Columbia to preserve and increase the population of Northern Spotted Owls ... It is my opinion that, given the measures they are taking, such as stopping logging in areas currently occupied by the owls, there is no imminent threat to the survival or recovery of the Northern Spotted Owl at this time."[34] On October 19, 2006, Ambrose introduced a Clean Air Act that aimed to reduce the level of greenhouse emissions starting in 2020, cutting them to about half of the 2003 levels by 2050. She also introduced other regulations to industries and vehicles as well as a possible cooperation between the federal government and the provinces to create a system that would report air emissions. In an interview with the media, Ambrose denied that the Conservative government had withdrawn from the Kyoto Protocol despite its previous opposition to it. However, industries will have until 2010 before they are expected to reduce emissions, and the government will not have final (and voluntary) targets ready until 2020. Oil companies will have to reduce emissions on a per-barrel basis, reduction proportional to production basis.[35][36] Ambrose attended the November 2006 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Nairobi, Kenya.[26] A few weeks before Ambrose was shuffled out from the environment portfolio, she told a parliamentary committee that Canada had paid its debts under the Kyoto Protocol only to have an Environment Canada official point out that the bill was still unpaid.[37] Western Economic Diversification and Intergovernmental AffairsNews stories began to appear in late 2006 of a possible Cabinet shuffle that included shifting Ambrose from her environment portfolio. As part of the January 4, 2007 cabinet shuffle, Ambrose was replaced as Environment Minister by John Baird and became Minister of Western Economic Diversification, Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and President of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada. Minister of Labour and Minister of Public Works and Government ServicesAfter winning reelection in the 2008 election, Ambrose was appointed Labour Minister on October 30, 2008.[38] On January 19, 2010, Ambrose succeeded Christian Paradis and was appointed as the new Minister of Public Works and Government Services. Minister responsible for the Status of WomenOn April 9, 2010, Ambrose was also named Minister responsible for the Status of Women after Helena Guergis was dismissed from Cabinet. The International Day of the Girl Child was formally proposed as a resolution by Canada in the United Nations General Assembly. Rona Ambrose, Canada's Minister for the Status of Women, sponsored the resolution; a delegation of women and girls made presentations in support of the initiative at the 55th United Nations Commission on the Status of Women. On December 19, 2011, the United Nations General Assembly voted to pass a resolution adopting October 11, 2012 as the inaugural International Day of the Girl Child.[39] On September 26, 2012, Ambrose voted in favour of Motion 312, a motion by Conservative MP Stephen Woodworth that would have directed a Commons committee to revisit the section of the Criminal Code defining at what point human life begins. Viewing the motion as an attempt to re-open debate on abortion laws, Canadian pro-choice groups and Commons opposition parties considered her vote inconsistent with her ministerial role[40][41] and prompted a call for her resignation. The motion was eventually voted down.[42] Ambrose responded to her critics, stating her concern of discrimination against girls that is made possible by sex-selection abortion.[40][41] Pro-Life groups praised Ambrose for supporting the Motion.[43] Minister of HealthIn July 2013, Stephen Harper appointed Rona Ambrose as Minister of Health and kept her as Minister of Western Economic Diversification.[44] On June 11, 2015, she made headlines for being "outraged" that (in a unanimous decision) the Supreme Court of Canada expanded the definition of what constituted medical marijuana to include oils, teas, brownies, etc. from its previous limitation to dried leaves, arguing "Marijuana has never gone through the regulatory approval process at Health Canada, which requires rigorous safety reviews and clinical trials with scientific evidence".[45] When asked why the testing has not been done when people are taking medical marijuana every day, she responded, "It is not my job as Minister. If there is clinical evidence and a company decided ... to submit it to the regulatory approval process, it would be looked at. That has never happened."[46] Leader of the OppositionStephen Harper resigned as Conservative party leader after the party was defeated by the Liberals in the 2015 election. Ambrose, who was elected in the new riding of Sturgeon River-Parkland—essentially the suburban portion of her old riding, announced that she would run for the interim leadership of the Conservative Party. She was elected to that post on November 5, 2015—becoming the third woman to hold the post.[47] Under the party constitution, as interim leader she was not eligible to run for the leadership at the subsequent Conservative Party of Canada leadership election. On November 13, 2015, Ambrose responded to the terrorist attacks in Paris committed by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. Ambrose stated, "The fight against ISIS (ISIL) requires a strong humanitarian response, but also a military response ... It's important that we remain resolute and support our allies."[48][49][50] Ambrose supports an inquiry into missing and murdered Indigenous women.[51] Resignation from ParliamentIn May 2017, Ambrose announced to her caucus that she would leave federal politics at the end of the spring session of Parliament, in June 2017, several weeks after her successor as Conservative leader is chosen.[52][53] Post resignationAmbrose has stated that though she supports the merger of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta and the Wildrose Party, she will not be a candidate for the leadership of the proposed new United Conservative Party of Alberta.[54] She joined the Canada Institute at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, a Washington, D.C. based think tank, as a visiting fellow focused on Canadian–American trade and to lead the organization's campaign to educate officials in both countries about the benefits of an integrated North American economy.[55] She was also appointed a member of the NAFTA advisory council set up by the Trudeau Liberal government in August 2017.[8] Personal lifeAmbrose is married to J.P. Veitch, a private investment businessman and former rodeo bull rider.[26] She was previously married to Bruce Ambrose from 1994 to 2011.[56][57] HonoursIn 2008, Ambrose was No. 17 on the Western Standard's "Liberty 100" top Canadian "pro-freedom activists, journalists, think-tankers and partisans".[58] Electoral record{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2015|Sturgeon River—Parkland|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rona Ambrose|43,220|70.23|-7.26|$98,166.59}}{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Travis Dueck|9,586|15.58|+10.11|$258.78}}{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Guy Desforges|6,166|10.02|-2.95|$7,730.56}}{{CANelec|CA|Green|Brendon Greene|1,875|3.05|-0.95|$3,593.60}}{{CANelec|CA|Christian Heritage|Ernest Chauvet|690|1.12|–|$10,477.93}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|61,537|100.00| |$222,470.71}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|157|0.25|–}}{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|61,694|70.91|–}}{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters|86,994}}{{CANelec/hold|CA|Conservative|-8.68}}{{CANelec/source|Source: Elections Canada[59][60]|}}{{end}}{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2011|Edmonton—Spruce Grove|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rona Ambrose|41,782|71.10|+2.56|$88,882}}{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Catherine Chaulk-Stokes|9,272|15.78|+3.30|$50}}{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Chris Austin|5,483|9.33|-2.17|$9,593}}{{CANelec|CA|Green|Josh Lund|2,232|3.80|-3.68|$0}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit| 58,769|100.00|}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots| 146| 0.25|+0.08 | }}{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout| 58,915| 56.53|+3.01 | }}{{Canadian election result/total|Eligible voters| 104,226|–|–| }}{{end}}{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2008|Edmonton—Spruce Grove|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rona Ambrose|36,402|68.54|+1.71|$94,219 }}{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Barbara Phillips|6,627|12.48|+2.00|$10,939 }}{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Chris Austin|6,099|11.50|-5.33|$20,611 }}{{CANelec|CA|Green|Wendy Walker|3,975|7.48|+1.62| }}{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes/Expense limit|53,103|100.00| $97,141}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|91|0.17|-0.02 }}{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|53,194| 53.52|-9.93 }}{{CANelec/hold|CA|Conservative| -0.1}}{{end}}{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2006|Edmonton—Spruce Grove|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}} {{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rona Ambrose|38,826|66.83|+6.43|$67,100}}{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Brad Enge|9,776|16.83|-8.74|$17,620}}{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Jason Rockwell|6,091|10.48|+1.56|$5,315}}{{CANelec|CA|Green|John Lackey|3,404|5.86|+0.77|$2,097}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|58,097|100.00| }}{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|109|0.19| -0.02}}{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|58,206|63.45| +3.12}}{{end}}{{Canadian election result/top|CA|2004|Edmonton—Spruce Grove|percent=yes|change=yes|expenditures=yes}}{{CANelec|CA|Conservative|Rona Ambrose|30,497|60.40|–|$73,732}}{{CANelec|CA|Liberal|Neil Mather|12,912|25.57|–|$63,512}}{{CANelec|CA|NDP|Hayley Phillips|4,508|8.92|–|$2,802}}{{CANelec|CA|Green|Jerry Paschen|2,572|5.09|–|$154}}{{Canadian election result/total|Total valid votes|50,489|100.00| }}{{Canadian election result/total|Total rejected ballots|106|0.21| }}{{Canadian election result/total|Turnout|50,595|60.33| }}{{end}} References1. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/rona-ambrose-denies-link-between-federal-funding-and-spouses-billionaire-friend/article33977350/| title= Rona Ambrose denies link between federal funding and spouse's billionaire friend| first=Laura| last=Stone| work=The Globe and Mail| date=February 9, 2017}} 2. ^{{cite web |title=Rona Ambrose, interim Tory leader, and what we should know about her |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/rona-ambrose-5-things-1.3307356?cmp=rss |publisher=CBC News | date=November 6, 2015 |accessdate=January 17, 2016 |quote=You are probably mispronouncing her name. It's 'RAW-na' — rhymes with sauna....}} 3. ^"Rona Ambrose chosen as interim Conservative leader" CBC News, November 5, 2015. 4. ^https://www.wilsoncenter.org/article/the-canada-institute-names-the-honourable-rona-ambrose-global-fellow 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3453164/rona-ambrose-leaving-federal-politics/|title=Interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose to announce resignation|date=2017-05-15|work=Staff of the Canadian Press|publisher=Global News|accessdate=2017-05-15}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3454787/rona-ambrose-announces-retirement-federal-politics/| title=Interim Conservative Leader Rona Ambrose announces retirement from federal politics| first=Stephanie| last=Levitz| date=May 16, 2017| publisher=Global News}} 7. ^{{cite tweet|user=RonaAmbrose| number=882278454758178818| author=Rona Ambrose| title=After 13 years as an MP, I'm excited to embark on new challenges today! 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|title=Canada forks over $1.5 million in green funding for developing countries |publisher=Canada.com |date=December 13, 2007 |accessdate=January 5, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103130635/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/story.html?id=c8c637d2-d6a4-4417-ab3f-8f7a1e7cb4f1&k=64420 |archivedate=November 3, 2012 |df=mdy }} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/harper-shuffles-cabinet-to-create-right-team-for-these-times-1.706956 |title=Harper shuffles cabinet to create 'right team for these times' |publisher=Cbc.ca |date=October 30, 2008 |accessdate=April 15, 2014}} 39. ^{{cite news|last=Ambrose, Rona and Rosemary McCarney|title=International Day of the Girl Child: girls' rights are human rights|url=http://blogs.edmontonjournal.com/2011/12/29/international-day-of-the-girl-child-a-canadian-accomplishment/|accessdate=September 26, 2012|newspaper=Edmonton Journal|date=December 29, 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MPs weighed in anyways|url=http://www2.macleans.ca/2012/10/04/a-system-of-selective-mercy/|work=Macleans.ca|publisher=Macleans.ca|accessdate=October 4, 2012}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.campaignlifecoalition.com/index.php?p=Press_Room&id=97|title=Campaign Life Coalition praises all MPs who voted in favour of M-312|publisher= Campaign Life Coalition|date=October 1, 2012|accessdate=January 28, 2019}} 44. ^{{cite web |title = Harper reveals new cabinet, new faces, but keeps veterans in key roles | work = CTV News | date = July 15, 2013 | url = http://toronto.ctvnews.ca/harper-reveals-new-cabinet-new-faces-but-keeps-veterans-in-key-roles-1.1367444 | accessdate = October 11, 2014}} 45. ^{{cite web| title = Ambrose 'outraged' by SCC's marijuana ruling | work = CTV News | date = June 11, 2015 | url = http://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/ambrose-outraged-by-scc-s-marijuana-ruling-1.2417118 | accessdate = June 12, 2015}} 46. ^{{cite web|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2048816/supreme-court-of-canada-redefines-medical-pot/|title=Supreme Court of Canada redefines medical pot|author=Geordon Omand and Terry Pedwell|date=June 11, 2015|work=Global News}} 47. ^{{Cite news|url = http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/rona-ambrose-to-run-for-conservative-interim-leadership/|title = Rona Ambrose, Mike Lake to run for Conservative interim leadership|last = |first = |date = October 30, 2015|work = Maclean's|access-date = October 30, 2015|via = |agency = The Canadian Press}} 48. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/ottawa/dion-paris-attacks-absolute-resolution-1.3319151 |title=Conservatives urge government to rethink halt to ISIS airstrikes| publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation |work=CBC News |date=November 14, 2015 |accessdate=November 14, 2015}} 49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/11/14/cdn-politicians-call-for-action-against-terror-in-wake-of-paris-attacks|title=Trudeau should rethink his ISIS position: Ambrose |publisher=The Globe and Mail |work=The Globe and Mail |date=November 14, 2015 | accessdate=November 14, 2015}} 50. ^{{cite web |url=https://lfpress.com/2015/11/14/cdn-politicians-call-for-action-against-terror-in-wake-of-paris-attacks |title=Trudeau should rethink his ISIS position; Ambrose |publisher=Reuters Canada |work=Reuters Canada |date=November 14, 2015 |accessdate=November 14, 2015}} 51. ^https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/trudeau-needs-to-protect-canadian-jobs-from-trump-policies-rona-ambrose/article33466032/ 52. ^http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/rona-ambrose-conservative-mp-1.4116233 53. ^{{Cite news|url=http://globalnews.ca/news/3453164/rona-ambrose-leaving-federal-politics/|title=Interim Conservative leader Rona Ambrose to announce resignation|work=Global News|access-date=2017-05-15|language=en}} 54. ^http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/ambrose-pc-wildrose-merger-1.4121908 55. ^{{Cite news| url=https://ottawacitizen.com/news/politics/ambrose-confirms-departure-conservative-leader-to-join-washington-think-tank| title=Ambrose confirms departure, Conservative leader to join Washington think tank| last=Wingrove| first=Josh|date=May 16, 2017| work=Ottawa Citizen| access-date=May 16, 2017|agency=Bloomberg News|language=en-CA}} 56. ^{{cite web |url=http://v1.theglobeandmail.com/elections/fed2004/candidates/generated/48017_CON.html |title=globeandmail.com - Canada's Election 2004 - Breaking News |work=theglobeandmail.com |accessdate=May 1, 2016}} 57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.macleans.ca/politics/ottawa/rona-ambrose-gets-the-key-to-stornoway |title=Rona Ambrose gets the key to Stornoway |author=Julie Smyth |date=November 20, 2015 |work=Macleans.ca |accessdate=May 1, 2016}} 58. ^{{cite web|author=westernstandard |url=http://westernstandard.blogs.com/shotgun/2009/01/western-standards-liberty-100-top-25-for-2008.html |title=The Shotgun: Western Standard’s "Liberty 100" Top 25 for 2008 |publisher=Westernstandard.blogs.com |date=January 2, 2009 |accessdate=January 5, 2012}} 59. ^{{cite web|url=http://enr.elections.ca/ElectoralDistricts.aspx?lang=e|title=October 19, 2015 Election Results — Sturgeon River—Parkland (Validated results)|publisher=Elections Canada|date=24 October 2015|accessdate=4 November 2015}} 60. ^Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates External links
18 : 1969 births|21st-century women politicians|Canadian Ministers of Health|Canadian Ministers of the Environment|Canadian people of Ukrainian descent|Women members of the House of Commons of Canada|Women government ministers of Canada|Conservative Party of Canada MPs|Leaders of the Conservative Party of Canada|Leaders of the Opposition (Canada)|Living people|Members of the 28th Canadian Ministry|Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta|Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada|University of Alberta alumni|University of Victoria alumni|Women in Alberta politics|Women opposition leaders |
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