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词条 Ron Clarke
释义

  1. Early life and family

  2. Athletic career

     World records 

  3. Political career

  4. Honours

  5. Awards and recognition

  6. Death

  7. Bibliography

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. External links

{{other people||Ronald Clarke (disambiguation)}}{{Use Australian English|date=July 2011}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Ron Clarke
| honorific-suffix = AO, MBE
| image = Ron Clarke.jpg
| caption =
| order = Mayor of the Gold Coast
| term_start = {{start date|2004|3|25|df=y}}
| term_end = {{end date|2012|2|27|df=y}}
| deputy = Daphne McDonald
| predecessor = Gary Baildon
| successor =
| birth_name = Ronald William Clarke
| birth_date = {{birth date|df=yes|1937|02|21}}
| birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria
| death_date ={{death date and age|df=yes|2015|6|17|1937|02|21}}
| death_place = Southport, Queensland
| constituency =
| party = Independent
| spouse = Helen Clarke
| occupation = Athlete
| religion =
| module =
| height = 183 cm
| weight = 72 kg
| sport = Athletics
| event = 5000, 10,000 m, marathon
| club = Glenhuntly Athletics Club
| pb = 5000 m – 13:16.6 (1966)
10,000 m – 27:39.89 (1965)
Marathon – 2:20:26 (1964)[1][1]
| show-medals = yes
| medaltemplates =
 {{MedalSport|Men's athletics}} {{MedalCountry|{{flagu|Australia}}}} {{MedalCompetition|Olympic Games}} {{MedalBronze|1964 Tokyo|10,000 metres}} {{MedalCompetition|Commonwealth Games}} {{MedalSilver|1962 Perth|3 miles}} {{MedalSilver|1966 Kingston|3 miles}} {{MedalSilver|1966 Kingston|6 miles}} {{MedalSilver|1970 Edinburgh|10,000 metres}} }}

}}

Ronald William "Ron" Clarke, AO, MBE (21 February 1937 – 17 June 2015) was an Australian athlete, writer, and Mayor of the Gold Coast from 2004 to 2012. He was one of the best-known middle- and long-distance runners in the 1960s, notable for setting seventeen world records.

Early life and family

Clarke was born 21 February 1937 in Melbourne, Victoria.[2] He attended Essendon High School and Melbourne High School. His brother Jack Clarke and father Tom played Australian rules football in the Victorian Football League with Essendon. He was a qualified accountant.[4]

In 1956, when Clarke was still a promising 19-year-old, he was chosen to light the Olympic Flame in the Melbourne Cricket Ground during the opening ceremonies of the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.[3]

Athletic career

During the 1960s Clarke won 9 Australian championships[4] and 12 Victorian track championships ranging from 1500 m to {{convert|6|mi|km}}.

He won the bronze medal in the 10,000 metre (m) race at the 1964 Summer Olympics when he was upset by Billy Mills, and never won an Olympic gold medal.[2] At the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Clarke collapsed and nearly died from altitude sickness[8] sustained during the gruelling 10,000 m race final. Despite training in the Alps to get acclimatised to high altitudes at Mexico City, this could not put him on par with many opponents from Africa, who had always run at high altitude (with the notable exception of 5,000 m gold medalist and 10,000 m bronze medalist Mohammed Gammoudi of Tunisia, who was born and lived not far above sea level). Clarke finished in sixth place,[2] but remembered nothing of the last lap. He sufficiently recovered to compete in the 5,000 metre heats a few days later.[5]

In the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games, he won silver in the 3 mile event, and in the 1966 Games he won silver medals in the {{convert|3|mi|km}} and {{convert|6|mi|km}} events.[6]

During a 44-day European tour in 1965, he competed 18 times and broke 12 world records, including the 20,000 m (12.4 miles). On 10 July, at London's White City Stadium, he became the first man to run 3 miles in under 13 minutes, lowering the world record to 12:52.4. Four days later, in Oslo, he lowered his own 10,000 m world record by 36.2 seconds to 27:39.4, becoming the first man to break the 28 minute barrier.[12][13]

World records

Distance Time /
distance		 Location Date Note
5000 m13:34.8Hobart, Australia1965-01-16[7]
5000 m13:33.6Auckland, New Zealand1965-02-01[8]
5000 m13:25.8Los Angeles, United States1965-06-04[9]
5000 m13:16.6Stockholm, Sweden1966-07-05[10]
10,000 m28:15.6Melbourne, Australia1963-12-18[11]
10,000 m27:39.4Oslo, Norway1965-07-14[19]
20,000 m59:22.8Geelong, Australia1965-10-27[20]As part of 1 hour world record.
1 hour20,232 mGeelong, Australia1965-10-27[12]
2 miles8:19.8Västerås, Sweden1967-07-27[13]
2 miles8:19.6London, England1968-08-24[14]
3 miles13:07.6Melbourne, Australia1964-12-03[15]
3 miles13:00.4Los Angeles, United States1965-06-04As part of 5000 m world record.
3 miles12:52.4London, England 1965-07-10
3 miles12:50.4Stockholm, Sweden1966-07-05[13]As part of 5000 m world record.
6 miles27:17.8Melbourne, Australia1963-12-18[11]
6 miles26:47.0Oslo, Norway1965-07-14[16]As part of 10,000 m world record
10 miles47:12.8Melbourne, Australia1965-03-04[17]

In 1965, Clarke beat the 10,000m world record in Turku, Finland with a time of 28:14.0 but it was never ratified as it was said that permission to run was requested too late.[18][19]

Political career

He was elected Mayor of the Gold Coast, Queensland in 2004, defeating the incumbent Gary Baildon. Clarke and his wife, Helen, first came to the Gold Coast for a holiday in 1957. The couple returned almost every year thereafter, and in 1995, after 14 years abroad mainly in Europe, came back for good.[20]

Clarke resigned as Mayor of the Gold Coast on 27 February 2012, when he announced his nomination to run as an independent candidate for the seat of Broadwater in the 2012 Queensland state election.[21] Clarke failed in this campaign, coming fourth and recording only a 4.6% primary vote.[22]

Former Australian Football League CEO, Andrew Demetriou stated that Clarke as Mayor of the Gold Coast played a major role in the AFL establishing a new team Gold Coast Suns on the Gold Coast.[23]

In 2011, Clarke was part of the lobbying team that secured the 2018 Commonwealth Games for the Gold Coast, Queensland.[24]

Honours

In 1966 Clarke was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) "In recognition of service to athletics".[2][25]

In 2000, he was awarded the Australian Sports Medal for "Significant contribution as a competitor (Athletics)".[26]

In 2001, he was awarded the Centenary Medal for "Distinguished service to the eco-tourism industry".[26]

In the 2013 Queens Birthday Honours List, he was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO) "For distinguished service to the community through a range of leadership roles with local government and philanthropic organisations, and to the promotion of athletics."[2][27]

Awards and recognition

  • 1965 – awarded the Prix Du President by the French Sports Academy[28]
  • 1965 – Helms Award for Australasia[29]
  • 1965 – ABC's Sportsman of the Year
  • 1965 – Track & Field News Male Athlete of the Year
  • 1965 – BBC Sportsman of the Year – Overseas Personality[30]
  • 1965 – World Sportsman of the Year by the International Association of Sports Writers[45]
  • 1982 – awarded Victorian Father of the Year.[31]
  • 1985 – inaugural inductee into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame[2][32]
  • 2000 – inaugural inductee into the Athletics Australia Hall of Fame in 2000.[33]

In 2005 Geelong Athletics honoured Clarke with an athletics meet to commemorate the 40th anniversary of his breaking the world record for the 20,000 m and one hour run at Landy Field in October 1965. This meet is held annually as part of the Athletics Australia National Meet Series.

On 15 March 2006, Ron Clarke was one of the final four runners who carried the Queen's Baton around the MCG stadium during the 2006 Commonwealth Games Opening Ceremony in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[34]

Emil Zátopek had great respect for Ron Clarke. In 1966 (often erroneously noted as 1968) he invited the Australian to Czechoslovakia, and as a parting gift he gave him his 1952 Olympic 10,000 m gold medal with the following words: "Not out of friendship but because you deserve it."[35][36]

Death

Clarke died of kidney failure on 17 June 2015 at Allamanda Hospital in Southport, Queensland.[37] Clarke is survived by his wife Helen and sons Marcus and Nicolas. His daughter Monique died of breast cancer in 2009.[38][39]

Prime Minister Tony Abbott and Opposition Leader Bill Shorten paid tribute to Clarke in Parliament on the day of his death by stating that a great Australian had been lost with his death.[40] Herb Elliott, Australian 1500 m Olympic gold medallist, said "Ron was a great man. His contribution to athletics was enormous. He was also a wonderful contributor to public health through lifestyle programs and gymnasiums and the communities in which he lived. Ron will be greatly missed".[57]John Landy, who famously helped Clarke when he fell during a mile race at the 1956 Australian Championships, said "'Ron Clarke, by his running feats inspired Australian distance runners and in a world sense, demonstrated the potential athletics achievements possible."[41] Frank Shorter, the 1972 Olympic marathon gold medallist said "Ron Clarke was my idol. I grew up seeing Ron Clarke in the dark blue singlet with the V on it – to me that was the symbol of running."[42]

Bibliography

  • The Measure of Success : a personal perspective. South Melbourne, Vic. : Lothian Books, 2004.
  • Run Easy. Melbourne : Information Australia, 2001.
  • Never Say Never : Couran Cove Resort from dream to reality. Avalon, N.S.W. : Banyan Tree Creative Services, 1999.
  • Fixing the Olympics. Melbourne : Information Australia, 1999.
  • Enjoying Life : a champion's guide to the good life. Melbourne : Information Australia, 1999.
  • Total Living : for everyone who wants to be fitter, trimmer and smarter. London : Pavilion, 1995.
  • Ron Clarke's Running Book. Collingwood, Vic. : Outback Press, 1979.
  • Successful Athletics : from beginner to expert in forty lessons, with Raelene Boyle. Melbourne : Thomas Nelson, 1976.
  • Ron Clarke Talks Track edited by Jon Hendershott. Los Altos, California : Tafnews, 1972.
  • Athletics the Australian Way. Melbourne : Lansdowne, 1971.
  • The Lonely Breed, with Norman Harris. London : Pelham, 1967.
  • The Unforgiving Minute, as told to Alan Trengrove. London : Pelham, 1966.

See also

  • Olympic medalists in athletics
  • Mayor of the Gold Coast

References

1. ^Ron Clarke. trackfield.brinkster.net
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |title=Ron Clarke |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/cl/ron-clarke-1.html |website=Sports Reference – Olympic Sports |accessdate=17 June 2015}}
3. ^{{cite web|author1=Organizing Committee of the XVI Olympiad, Melbourne, 1956 |title=THE OFFICIAL REPORT OF THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE FOR THE GAMES OF THE XVI OLYMPIAD MELBOURNE 1956 |url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/OR1956.pdf |via=www.la84foundation.org |accessdate=17 June 2015 |page=227 |format=pdf-34.4 MB |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080912181829/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1956/OR1956.pdf |archivedate=12 September 2008 |df= }} ([https://books.google.com.au/books?id=_T8nAAAAMAAJ&dq=THE+OFFICIAL+REPORT+OF+THE+ORGANIZING+COMMITTEE+FOR+THE+GAMES+OF+THE+XVI+OLYMPIAD+MELBOURNE+1956&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Ron+clarke 'Snippet'] via Google books)
4. ^{{cite web |title=Ron Clarke |url=http://athhistory.imgstg.com/athletes/athlete654.htm|website=athhistory.imgstg.com |publisher=Australia Athletics Historical Results |accessdate=18 June 2015}}
5. ^{{cite news|last1=Nichols|first1=Peter|title=Ron Clarke obituary|work=The Guardian|date=19 June 2015}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Ronald 'Ron' Clarke MBE |url=http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/page/70/by-athlete |website=Australian Commonwealth Games Association website |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150718032148/http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/page/70/by-athlete |archivedate=18 July 2015 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke's new record|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105823917|accessdate=19 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=18 January 1965}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke betters own world time|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105826697|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=2 February 1965}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke has four world records ratified|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105882606|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=16 January 1966}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke ill but still breaks record|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article107880511|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=7 July 1966}}
11. ^1 {{cite news|title=Clarke sets two world times|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article104282650|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=19 December 1963}}
12. ^1 {{cite news|title=Clarke smashes records|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105869668|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=28 October 1965}}
13. ^1 {{cite news|title=Another record to Clarke|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131663032|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=29 June 1967}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke races alone to record|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article107069726|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=26 August 1968}}
15. ^{{cite news|title=Clarke smashes world record|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article107513056|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=4 December 1964}}
16. ^1 {{cite news|title=Clarke shatters record|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105761212|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=16 July 1965}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Another record to Clarke|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article131758890|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=4 March 1965}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|title=Australian IAAF World Record Holders * World Best Performances as of January 2008|url=http://athletics.com.au/Results/Historical-Results|website=Athletics Australia website|accessdate=18 June 2015}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=Vale Ron Clarke – a fitting tribute by Paul Jenes and Brian Roe|url=http://athletics.com.au/News/vale-ron-clarke|website=Athletics Australia website|accessdate=18 June 2015}}
20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?pid=346 |title=Mayor Cr Ron Clarke MBE |author=Gold Coast City Council |archivedate=12 February 2012 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212074449/http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/t_standard2.aspx?PID=346 |accessdate=17 June 2015 }}
21. ^{{cite news|last=Kelly|first=James|title=Clarke says Gold Coast needs independent MP|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-28/clarke-says-gold-coast-needs-independent-mp/3856568?section=qld|accessdate=6 March 2012|newspaper=ABC News|date=27 February 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ecq.qld.gov.au/elections/state/State2012/results/booth8.html |title=2012 State General Election – Broadwater – Booth Details |publisher=Electoral Commission of Queensland |date=2012 |accessdate=6 August 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304125102/http://www.ecq.qld.gov.au/elections/state/State2012/results/booth8.html |archivedate=4 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Smart|first1=Nick|title=Suns, says former AFL boss Andrew Demetriou|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/teams/gold-coast/ron-clarke-was-driving-force-in-establishing-gold-coast-suns-says-former-afl-boss-andrew-demetriou/news-story/417f9b8d63b9fe55452f7910e53f6e24|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Herald Sun|date=17 June 2015}}
24. ^{{cite news|last1=Kimmorley|first1=Sarah|title=Legendary Australian athlete and former Gold Coast Mayor, Ron Clarke has died aged 78|url=http://www.businessinsider.com.au/legendary-australian-athlete-and-former-gold-coast-mayor-ron-clarke-has-died-aged-78-2015-6#1|accessdate=17 June 2015|work=Business Insider Australia|date=17 June 2015}}
25. ^{{cite web |title=CLARKE, Ronald William |url=http://www.itsanhonour.gov.au/honours/honour_roll/search.cfm?aus_award_id=1089077&search_type=simple&showInd=true |website=itsanhonour.gov.au |accessdate=17 June 2015 |date=11 June 1966}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|title=CLARKE, Ronald William|url=https://www.itsanhonour.gov.au|website=It's an Honour|accessdate=17 June 2015}}
27. ^{{cite news |title=Queen's Birthday Honours List 2013 |url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/national/queens-birthday-honours-list-2013/story-fni0xqrb-1226661027332 |accessdate=17 June 2013 |work=Herald Sun |publisher=News Corp |date=10 June 2013}}
28. ^{{cite news|title=France honours Ron Clarke|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article106955812|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=7 January 1967}}
29. ^{{cite news|title=Helms award to Ron Clarke|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article105882241|accessdate=18 June 2015|work=Canberra Times|date=14 January 1966}}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Past Winners|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/shared/spl/hi/tv_and_radio/02/sport_personality/past_winners/html/1964.stm|website=BBC Sports Personality of the Year|accessdate=19 June 2015}}
31. ^{{cite web |title=Past winners |url=http://fathersdaycouncil.org.au/past-winners/ |website=Fathers Day Council of Victoria |accessdate=17 June 2015}}
32. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.sahof.org.au/hall-of-fame/member-profile/?memberID=39&memberType=athlete |title=Ron Clarke MBE |publisher=Sport Australia Hall of Fame |accessdate=10 September 2013}}
33. ^1 {{cite web |title=Athletics Australia Hall of Fame |url=http://athletics.com.au/Athletes/Hall-of-Fame |website=Athletics Australia website |accessdate=17 June 2015}}
34. ^{{cite web |title=Queen's Baton Relay |url=http://qbr.melbourne2006.com.au/?s=qbr |website=Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games website}}
35. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Bunrton|first1=Simon|title=50 stunning Olympic moments No 41: Emil Zátopek the triple-gold winner |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2012/jun/22/50-olympic-stunning-moments-emil-zatopek |accessdate=17 June 2015 |work=The Guardian |date=22 June 2012}}
36. ^Richard Askwith, Today We Die a Little: Emil Zátopek, Olympic Hero to Cold War Legend, Vintage Digital, 2016
37. ^{{cite news |last1=Weston |first1=Paul |title=Former Gold Coast mayor and Olympic medallist Ron Clarke dies, aged 78 |url= http://www.goldcoastbulletin.com.au/news/gold-coast/former-gold-coast-mayor-and-olympic-medallist-ron-clarke-dies-aged-78/story-fnj94idh-1227401660446 |accessdate=17 June 2015 |work=Gold Coast Bulletin |date=17 June 2015}}
38. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Johnson |first1=Len |title=The man who changed the world |url=http://www.runnerstribe.com/coverage/250965-Len-Johnson/article/32066-The-man-who-changed-the-world-By-Len-Johnson |website=The Runner's Tribe |accessdate=17 June 2015 |date=16 June 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150617061515/http://www.runnerstribe.com/coverage/250965-Len-Johnson/article/32066-The-man-who-changed-the-world-By-Len-Johnson |archivedate=17 June 2015 |df= }}
39. ^{{cite news |last1=Anderson |first1=Jon |title=Australian athletics legend Ron Clarke dies aged 78 |url= http://www.geelongadvertiser.com.au/news/australian-athletics-legend-ron-clarke-dies-aged-78/story-fnjbnts5-1227401673683 |accessdate=17 June 2015 |work=Geelong Advertiser |date=17 June 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|title=Abbott, Shorten pay tribute to a great|url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2015/06/17/14/43/abbott-shorten-pay-tribute-to-a-great|accessdate=17 June 2015|work=9News.com.au|date=17 June 2015}}
41. ^1 {{cite web|title=Vale Ron Clarke|url=http://corporate.olympics.com.au/news/vale-ron-clarke|website=Australian Olympic Committee News, 17 June 2015|accessdate=17 June 2015}}
42. ^{{cite web|last1=Johnson|first1=Len|title=Former world record-holder Ron Clarke dies|url=http://www.iaaf.org/news/iaaf-news/ron-clarke-death|website=IAAF News, 17 June 2015|accessdate=18 June 2015}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • {{IMDb name|0164978}}
  • Athletics Australia Hall of Fame
  • Sport Australia Hall of Fame Profile
  • Athletics Australia Results
  • Australian Olympic Committee Profile – includes video footage
{{s-start}}{{s-ach|rec}}{{succession box|before={{flagicon|URS}} Pyotr Bolotnikov |title=Men's 10,000 m World Record Holder|years=18 December 1963 – 3 September 1972 |after={{flagicon|FIN}} Lasse Virén}}{{s-ach}}{{succession box|title=Track & Field Athlete of the Year|before={{flagicon|NZL}} Peter Snell|after={{flagicon|USA}} Jim Ryun|years=1965}}{{s-sports}}{{succession box|before={{flagicon|KEN}} Kipchoge Keino|title=Men's 5000 m Best Year Performance|years=1966–1968|after={{flagicon|NZL}} Dick Taylor}}{{s-sports|oly}}{{succession box | title=Final Olympic torchbearer
with Hans Wikne| before=Guido Caroli | after= Ken Henry| years=Melbourne 1956}}{{succession box | title=Final Summer Olympic torchbearer
with Hans Wikne| before=Paavo Nurmi and Hannes Kolehmainen | after=Giancarlo Peris| years=Melbourne 1956}}{{s-off}}{{succession box|before=Gary Baildon|title=Mayor of the Gold Coast|years=2004–2012|after=Tom Tate}}{{s-end}}{{Footer Australia NC 5000 m Men}}{{Footer Australia NC 10,000 m Men}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clarke, Ron}}

30 : 1937 births|2015 deaths|Australian sportsperson-politicians|Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics|Australian male middle-distance runners|Australian male long-distance runners|Former world record holders in athletics (track and field)|Olympic athletes of Australia|Olympic bronze medalists for Australia|Athletes (track and field) at the 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Athletes (track and field) at the 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|Athletes (track and field) at the 1970 British Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia|Officers of the Order of Australia|Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire|Mayors of places in Queensland|People educated at Melbourne High School|Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics|Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees|Mayors of Gold Coast|Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics|Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal|Recipients of the Centenary Medal|Sportspeople from Melbourne|Deaths from kidney failure|Olympic cauldron lighters|Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)|Track & Field News Athlete of the Year winners|BBC Sports Personality World Sport Star of the Year winners
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